1
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The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum): autecology and management of a global invader. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02681-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Cárdenas-Mahecha LP, Vitule JRS, Padial AA. Prey selectivity of the invasive largemouth bass towards native and non-native prey: an experimental approach. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Non-native predators are known to cause ecological impacts through heightened consumption of resources and decimation of native species. One such species is Micropterus salmoides. Often introduced for sport fishing worldwide; it has been listed by International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources as one of the 100 of the world’s worst invasive species. Whilst impacts conferred towards native prey are well known, its relationship with other non-native species has received much less attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the feeding preference of M. salmoides towards native prey (Geophagus iporangensis) compared to non-native prey (Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli) using comparative consumption and the Manly-Chesson selectivity index. We found a higher consumption by M. salmoides towards the non-native prey and a tendency for this non-native preference to increase when prey availability increased. Our results are in line with the hypothesis that the invasion of the non-native predator can be facilitated by the high abundance and reproductive rate of the non-native prey. This is relevant considering the interaction of multiple invaders in an ecosystem, in particular environments modified by humans. Interspecific relationships are complex and their understanding is necessary for environmental management decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andre Andrian Padial
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil
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3
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Griffen BD. Considerations When Applying the Consumer Functional Response Measured Under Artificial Conditions. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.713147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its creation, considerable effort has been given to improving the utility of the consumer functional response. To date, the majority of efforts have focused on improving mathematical formulation in order to include additional ecological processes and constraints, or have focused on improving the statistical analysis of the functional response to enhance rigor and to more accurately match experimental designs used to measure the functional response. In contrast, relatively little attention has been given to improving the interpretation of functional response empirical results, or to clarifying the implementation and extrapolation of empirical measurements to more realistic field conditions. In this paper I explore three concepts related to the interpretation and extrapolation of empirically measured functional responses. First, I highlight the need for a mechanistic understanding when interpreting foraging patterns and highlight pitfalls that can occur when we lack understanding between the shape of the functional response curve and the mechanisms that give rise to that shape. Second, I discuss differences between experimental and real-world field conditions that must be considered when trying to extrapolate measured functional responses to more natural conditions. Third, I examine the importance of the time scale of empirical measurements, and the need to consider tradeoffs that alter or limit foraging decisions under natural conditions. Clearly accounting for these three conceptual areas when measuring functional responses and when interpreting and attempting to extrapolate empirically measured functional responses will lead to more accurate estimates of consumer impacts under natural field conditions, and will improve the utility of the functional response as a heuristic tool in ecology.
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Palamara GM, Capitán JA, Alonso D. The Stochastic Nature of Functional Responses. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23050575. [PMID: 34067218 PMCID: PMC8150854 DOI: 10.3390/e23050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional responses are non-linear functions commonly used to describe the variation in the rate of consumption of resources by a consumer. They have been widely used in both theoretical and empirical studies, but a comprehensive understanding of their parameters at different levels of description remains elusive. Here, by depicting consumers and resources as stochastic systems of interacting particles, we present a minimal set of reactions for consumer resource dynamics. We rigorously derived the corresponding system of ODEs, from which we obtained via asymptotic expansions classical 2D consumer-resource dynamics, characterized by different functional responses. We also derived functional responses by focusing on the subset of reactions describing only the feeding process. This involves fixing the total number of consumers and resources, which we call chemostatic conditions. By comparing these two ways of deriving functional responses, we showed that classical functional response parameters in effective 2D consumer-resource dynamics differ from the same parameters obtained by measuring (or deriving) functional responses for typical feeding experiments under chemostatic conditions, which points to potential errors in interpreting empirical data. We finally discuss possible generalizations of our models to systems with multiple consumers and more complex population structures, including spatial dynamics. Our stochastic approach builds on fundamental ecological processes and has natural connections to basic ecological theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Palamara
- Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Acces Cala St. Francesc 14, E-17300 Blanes, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - José A. Capitán
- Complex Systems Group, Department of Applied Mathematics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Juan de Herrera 6, E-28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Alonso
- Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Acces Cala St. Francesc 14, E-17300 Blanes, Spain;
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5
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Russell MC, Qureshi A, Wilson CG, Cator LJ. Size, not temperature, drives cyclopoid copepod predation of invasive mosquito larvae. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246178. [PMID: 33529245 PMCID: PMC7853444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During range expansion, invasive species can experience new thermal regimes. Differences between the thermal performance of local and invasive species can alter species interactions, including predator-prey interactions. The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is a known vector of several viral diseases of public health importance. It has successfully invaded many regions across the globe and currently threatens to invade regions of the UK where conditions would support seasonal activity. We assessed the functional response and predation efficiency (percentage of prey consumed) of the cyclopoid copepods Macrocyclops albidus and Megacyclops viridis from South East England, UK against newly-hatched French Ae. albopictus larvae across a relevant temperature range (15, 20, and 25°C). Predator-absent controls were included in all experiments to account for background prey mortality. We found that both M. albidus and M. viridis display type II functional response curves, and that both would therefore be suitable biocontrol agents in the event of an Ae. albopictus invasion in the UK. No significant effect of temperature on the predation interaction was detected by either type of analysis. However, the predation efficiency analysis did show differences due to predator species. The results suggest that M. viridis would be a superior predator against invasive Ae. albopictus larvae due to the larger size of this copepod species, relative to M. albidus. Our work highlights the importance of size relationships in predicting interactions between invading prey and local predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Russell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Alima Qureshi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lauren J. Cator
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, United Kingdom
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6
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Griffen BD, van den Akker D, DiNuzzo ER, Anderson L, Vernier A. Comparing methods for predicting the impacts of invasive species. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Skein L, Alexander ME, Robinson TB. Co-occurring predators increase biotic resistance against an invasive prey. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 157:104929. [PMID: 32275511 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of multiple predators can lead to variation in predator behavior and ultimately altered risk for shared prey. This concept has seldom been accounted for in studies that consider predator-driven biotic resistance from native marine predators against invasive prey. This study compared the prey selection of whelks and rock lobsters when co-occurring and when foraging in isolation. When in isolation, both predators preferred the native mussel Choromytilus meridionalis, regardless of the abundance of alternative prey. However, when co-occurring, predation risk for all prey species, including the invasive mussel Semimytilus algosus, increased. This was largely driven by greater variation in prey selection by rock lobsters in the presence of whelks. This indicates that predatory efforts from co-occurring predators can result in stronger predation pressure on invasive prey than would be recognized if predators were assessed in isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Skein
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Natural Sciences Building, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Mhairi E Alexander
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Natural Sciences Building, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa; Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Health Research (IBEHR), School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, High Street, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Tamara B Robinson
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Natural Sciences Building, Merriman Avenue, Stellenbosch, Matieland, 7602, South Africa.
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Dickey JWE, Cuthbert RN, South J, Britton JR, Caffrey J, Chang X, Crane K, Coughlan NE, Fadaei E, Farnsworth KD, Ismar-Rebitz SMH, Joyce PWS, Julius M, Laverty C, Lucy FE, MacIsaac HJ, McCard M, McGlade CLO, Reid N, Ricciardi A, Wasserman RJ, Weyl OLF, Dick JTA. On the RIP: using Relative Impact Potential to assess the ecological impacts of invasive alien species. NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.55.49547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasive alien species continue to arrive in new locations with no abatement in rate, and thus greater predictive powers surrounding their ecological impacts are required. In particular, we need improved means of quantifying the ecological impacts of new invasive species under different contexts. Here, we develop a suite of metrics based upon the novel Relative Impact Potential (RIP) metric, combining the functional response (consumer per capita effect), with proxies for the numerical response (consumer population response), providing quantification of invasive species ecological impact. These metrics are comparative in relation to the eco-evolutionary baseline of trophically analogous natives, as well as other invasive species and across multiple populations. Crucially, the metrics also reveal how impacts of invasive species change under abiotic and biotic contexts. While studies focused solely on functional responses have been successful in predictive invasion ecology, RIP retains these advantages while adding vital other predictive elements, principally consumer abundance. RIP can also be combined with propagule pressure to quantify overall invasion risk. By highlighting functional response and numerical response proxies, we outline a user-friendly method for assessing the impacts of invaders of all trophic levels and taxonomic groups. We apply the metric to impact assessment in the face of climate change by taking account of both changing predator consumption rates and prey reproduction rates. We proceed to outline the application of RIP to assess biotic resistance against incoming invasive species, the effect of evolution on invasive species impacts, application to interspecific competition, changing spatio-temporal patterns of invasion, and how RIP can inform biological control. We propose that RIP provides scientists and practitioners with a user-friendly, customisable and, crucially, powerful technique to inform invasive species policy and management.
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Cuthbert RN, Callaghan A, Dick JTA. A novel metric reveals biotic resistance potential and informs predictions of invasion success. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15314. [PMID: 31653905 PMCID: PMC6814831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51705-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive species continue to proliferate and detrimentally impact ecosystems on a global scale. Whilst impacts are well-documented for many invaders, we lack tools to predict biotic resistance and invasion success. Biotic resistance from communities may be a particularly important determinant of the success of invaders. The present study develops traditional ecological concepts to better understand and quantify biotic resistance. We quantified predation towards the highly invasive Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus and a representative native mosquito Culex pipiens by three native and widespread cyclopoid copepods, using functional response and prey switching experiments. All copepods demonstrated higher magnitude type II functional responses towards the invasive prey over the analogous native prey, aligned with higher attack and maximum feeding rates. All predators exhibited significant, frequency-independent prey preferences for the invader. With these results, we developed a novel metric for biotic resistance which integrates predator numerical response proxies, revealing differential biotic resistance potential among predators. Our results are consistent with field patterns of biotic resistance and invasion success, illustrating the predictive capacity of our methods. We thus propose the further development of traditional ecological concepts, such as functional responses, numerical responses and prey switching, in the evaluation of biotic resistance and invasion success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross N Cuthbert
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK. .,Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK.
| | - Amanda Callaghan
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Harborne Building, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Jaimie T A Dick
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
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10
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A precipitous decline in an invasive snail population cannot be explained by a native predator. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Joyce PWS, Dickey JWE, Cuthbert RN, Dick JTA, Kregting L. Using functional responses and prey switching to quantify invasion success of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 145:66-72. [PMID: 30827778 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Invasive alien species continue to proliferate and cause severe ecological impacts. Functional responses (FRs) have shown excellent utility in predicting invasive predator success, however, their use in predicting invasive prey success is limited. Here, we assessed invader success by quantifying FRs and prey switching patterns of two native predators, the common sea star, Asterias rubens, and the green crab, Carcinus maenas, towards native blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, and invasive Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas. Asterias displayed destabilising type II FRs, whereas Carcinus displayed stabilising type III FRs towards both prey species. Both predators exhibited greater search efficiencies and maximum feeding rates towards native compared to invasive prey. Both predators disproportionately consumed native mussels over invasive oysters when presented simultaneously, even when native mussels were rare in the environment, therefore indicating negligible prey switching. We demonstrate that invasion success may be mediated through differential levels of biotic resistance exerted by native predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick W S Joyce
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Marine Laboratory, 12-13, The Strand, Portaferry, BT22 1PF, UK; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - James W E Dickey
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Jaimie T A Dick
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Louise Kregting
- School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Marine Laboratory, 12-13, The Strand, Portaferry, BT22 1PF, UK; Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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12
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Kinney KA, Pintor LM, Byers JE. Does predator-driven, biotic resistance limit the northward spread of the non-native green porcelain crab, Petrolisthes armatus? Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Predatory impacts of alien decapod Crustacea are predicted by functional responses and explained by differences in metabolic rate. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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14
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Alvarez-Blanco P, Caut S, Cerdá X, Angulo E. Native predators living in invaded areas: responses of terrestrial amphibian species to an Argentine ant invasion. Oecologia 2017; 185:95-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Penk M, Saul W, Dick JT, Donohue I, Alexander ME, Linzmaier S, Jeschke JM. A trophic interaction framework for identifying the invasive capacity of novel organisms. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Penk
- School of Natural SciencesTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, PharmacyInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Wolf‐Christian Saul
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, PharmacyInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
- Centre for Invasion Biology (CIB)Department of Botany and Zoology & Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - Jaimie T.A. Dick
- Institute for Global Food SecuritySchool of Biological SciencesQueen's University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - Ian Donohue
- School of Natural SciencesTrinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Mhairi E. Alexander
- Institute for Biomedical and Environmental Health Research (IBEHR)School of Science and SportUniversity of the West of Scotland Paisley UK
| | - Stefan Linzmaier
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, PharmacyInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, PharmacyInstitute of BiologyFreie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
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Pritchard DW, Paterson RA, Bovy HC, Barrios‐O'Neill D. frair
: an R package for fitting and comparing consumer functional responses. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Pritchard
- Department of Marine Sciences University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
- Te Ao Tūroa, Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Rachel A. Paterson
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 7LB UK
- School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3AX UK
| | - Helene C. Bovy
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 7LB UK
| | - Daniel Barrios‐O'Neill
- School of Biological Sciences Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 7LB UK
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation Penryn Campus University of Exeter Penryn Cornwall TR10 9EZ UK
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Adams JB, Bollens SM, Bishop JG. Predation on the Invasive Copepod, Pseudodiaptomus forbesi, and Native Zooplankton in the Lower Columbia River: An Experimental Approach to Quantify Differences in Prey-Specific Feeding Rates. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144095. [PMID: 26618851 PMCID: PMC4664400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive planktonic crustaceans have become a prominent feature of aquatic communities worldwide, yet their effects on food webs are not well known. The Asian calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus forbesi, introduced to the Columbia River Estuary approximately 15 years ago, now dominates the late-summer zooplankton community, but its use by native aquatic predators is unknown. We investigated whether three species of planktivorous fishes (chinook salmon, three-spined stickleback, and northern pikeminnow) and one species of mysid exhibited higher feeding rates on native copepods and cladocerans relative to P. forbesi by conducting `single-prey' feeding experiments and, additionally, examined selectivity for prey types with `two-prey' feeding experiments. In single-prey experiments individual predator species showed no difference in feeding rates on native cyclopoid copepods (Cyclopidae spp.) relative to invasive P. forbesi, though wild-collected predators exhibited higher feeding rates on cyclopoids when considered in aggregate. In two-prey experiments, chinook salmon and northern pikeminnow both strongly selected native cladocerans (Daphnia retrocurva) over P. forbesi, and moreover, northern pikeminnow selected native Cyclopidae spp. over P. forbesi. On the other hand, in two-prey experiments, chinook salmon, three-spined stickleback and mysids were non- selective with respect to feeding on native cyclopoid copepods versus P. forbesi. Our results indicate that all four native predators in the Columbia River Estuary can consume the invasive copepod, P. forbesi, but that some predators select for native zooplankton over P. forbesi, most likely due to one (or both) of two possible underlying casual mechanisms: 1) differential taxon-specific prey motility and escape responses (calanoids > cyclopoids > daphnids) or 2) the invasive status of the zooplankton prey resulting in naivety, and thus lower feeding rates, of native predators feeding on invasive prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse B. Adams
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Bollens
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
| | - John G. Bishop
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
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Laverty C, Dick JTA, Alexander ME, Lucy FE. Differential ecological impacts of invader and native predatory freshwater amphipods under environmental change are revealed by comparative functional responses. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Charbonnier Y, Barbaro L, Theillout A, Jactel H. Numerical and functional responses of forest bats to a major insect pest in pine plantations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109488. [PMID: 25285523 PMCID: PMC4186828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global change is expected to modify the frequency and magnitude of defoliating insect outbreaks in forest ecosystems. Bats are increasingly acknowledged as effective biocontrol agents for pest insect populations. However, a better understanding is required of whether and how bat communities contribute to the resilience of forests to man- and climate-driven biotic disturbances. We studied the responses of forest insectivorous bats to a major pine defoliator, the pine processionary moth pityocampa, which is currently expanding its range in response to global warming. We used pheromone traps and ultrasound bat recorders to estimate the abundance and activity of moths and predatory bats along the edge of infested pine stands. We used synthetic pheromone to evaluate the effects of experimentally increased moth availability on bat foraging activity. We also evaluated the top-down regulation of moth population by estimating T. pityocampa larval colonies abundance on the same edges the following winter. We observed a close spatio-temporal matching between emergent moths and foraging bats, with bat activity significantly increasing with moth abundance. The foraging activity of some bat species was significantly higher near pheromone lures, i.e. in areas of expected increased prey availability. Furthermore moth reproductive success significantly decreased with increasing bat activity during the flight period of adult moths. These findings suggest that bats, at least in condition of low prey density, exhibit numerical and functional responses to a specific and abundant prey, which may ultimately result in an effective top-down regulation of the population of the prey. These observations are consistent with bats being useful agents for the biocontrol of insect pest populations in plantation forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Charbonnier
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Cestas, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, Pessac, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Luc Barbaro
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Cestas, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, Pessac, France
| | | | - Hervé Jactel
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Cestas, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, Pessac, France
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Bovy HC, Barrios-O’Neill D, Emmerson MC, Aldridge DC, Dick JTA. Predicting the predatory impacts of the “demon shrimp” Dikerogammarus haemobaphes, on native and previously introduced species. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Dick J, MacNeil C, Alexander M, Dodd J, Ricciardi A. Predators vs. alien: differential biotic resistance to an invasive species by two resident predators. NEOBIOTA 2013. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.19.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Dick JTA, Alexander ME, Jeschke JM, Ricciardi A, MacIsaac HJ, Robinson TB, Kumschick S, Weyl OLF, Dunn AM, Hatcher MJ, Paterson RA, Farnsworth KD, Richardson DM. Advancing impact prediction and hypothesis testing in invasion ecology using a comparative functional response approach. Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Invasion ecology urgently requires predictive methodologies that can forecast the ecological impacts of existing, emerging and potential invasive species. We argue that many ecologically damaging invaders are characterised by their more efficient use of resources. Consequently, comparison of the classical ‘functional response’ (relationship between resource use and availability) between invasive and trophically analogous native species may allow prediction of invader ecological impact. We review the utility of species trait comparisons and the history and context of the use of functional responses in invasion ecology, then present our framework for the use of comparative functional responses. We show that functional response analyses, by describing the resource use of species over a range of resource availabilities, avoids many pitfalls of ‘snapshot’ assessments of resource use. Our framework demonstrates how comparisons of invader and native functional responses, within and between Type II and III functional responses, allow testing of the likely population-level outcomes of invasions for affected species. Furthermore, we describe how recent studies support the predictive capacity of this method; for example, the invasive ‘bloody red shrimp’ Hemimysis anomala shows higher Type II functional responses than native mysids and this corroborates, and could have predicted, actual invader impacts in the field. The comparative functional response method can also be used to examine differences in the impact of two or more invaders, two or more populations of the same invader, and the abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic (e.g. parasitism) context-dependencies of invader impacts. Our framework may also address the previous lack of rigour in testing major hypotheses in invasion ecology, such as the ‘enemy release’ and ‘biotic resistance’ hypotheses, as our approach explicitly considers demographic consequences for impacted resources, such as native and invasive prey species. We also identify potential challenges in the application of comparative functional responses in invasion ecology. These include incorporation of numerical responses, multiple predator effects and trait-mediated indirect interactions, replacement versus non-replacement study designs and the inclusion of functional responses in risk assessment frameworks. In future, the generation of sufficient case studies for a meta-analysis could test the overall hypothesis that comparative functional responses can indeed predict invasive species impacts.
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Osterback AMK, Frechette DM, Shelton AO, Hayes SA, Bond MH, Shaffer SA, Moore JW. High predation on small populations: avian predation on imperiled salmonids. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00100.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Emergence of structural and dynamical properties of ecological mutualistic networks. Nature 2013; 500:449-52. [DOI: 10.1038/nature12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Moore JW, Carlson SM, Twardochleb LA, Hwan JL, Fox JM, Hayes SA. Trophic tangles through time? Opposing direct and indirect effects of an invasive omnivore on stream ecosystem processes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50687. [PMID: 23209810 PMCID: PMC3507779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Omnivores can impact ecosystems via opposing direct or indirect effects. For example, omnivores that feed on herbivores and plants could either increase plant biomass due to the removal of herbivores or decrease plant biomass due to direct consumption. Thus, empirical quantification of the relative importance of direct and indirect impacts of omnivores is needed, especially the impacts of invasive omnivores. Here we investigated how an invasive omnivore (signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus) impacts stream ecosystems. First, we performed a large-scale experiment to examine the short-term (three month) direct and indirect impacts of crayfish on a stream food web. Second, we performed a comparative study of un-invaded areas and areas invaded 90 years ago to examine whether patterns from the experiment scaled up to longer time frames. In the experiment, crayfish increased leaf litter breakdown rate, decreased the abundance and biomass of other benthic invertebrates, and increased algal production. Thus, crayfish controlled detritus via direct consumption and likely drove a trophic cascade through predation on grazers. Consistent with the experiment, the comparative study also found that benthic invertebrate biomass decreased with crayfish. However, contrary to the experiment, crayfish presence was not significantly associated with higher leaf litter breakdown in the comparative study. We posit that during invasion, generalist crayfish replace the more specialized native detritivores (caddisflies), thereby leading to little long-term change in net detrital breakdown. A feeding experiment revealed that these native detritivores and the crayfish were both effective consumers of detritus. Thus, the impacts of omnivores represent a temporally-shifting interplay between direct and indirect effects that can control basal resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Moore
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America.
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Dick JTA, Gallagher K, Avlijas S, Clarke HC, Lewis SE, Leung S, Minchin D, Caffrey J, Alexander ME, Maguire C, Harrod C, Reid N, Haddaway NR, Farnsworth KD, Penk M, Ricciardi A. Ecological impacts of an invasive predator explained and predicted by comparative functional responses. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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