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Faustino B, Vasco AB, Delgado J, Farinha‐Fernandes A, Guerreiro JC. Early maladaptive schemas and COVID-19 anxiety: The mediational role of mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29:1297-1308. [PMID: 34989057 PMCID: PMC9015275 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early maladaptive schemas (EMS), as lifelong psychological structures, tend to be associated with psychopathological symptomatology. Previous research has suggested that schemas act as psychological vulnerabilities to stressful life situations, such as the present worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, anxiety and psychological distress have been documented as two of the main psychological symptoms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the associations between specific EMS and COVID-19 anxiety remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationships between EMS, COVID-19 anxiety as well as other mental health variables such as psychological well-being, distress and life satisfaction. METHODS In a cross-sectional design, 249 individuals (M = 34.2, SD = 12.0) completed several self-report measures. RESULTS EMS from different schematic domains were positively associated with COVID-19 anxiety and psychological distress and negatively associated with psychological well-being and life satisfaction. An EMS hierarchical regression model predicted COVID-19 anxiety. Mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness mediated the relationships between COVID-19 anxiety, psychological distress and life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS According to these results, mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness can act as underlying variables for the decrease in mental health associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Faustino
- Faculdade de Psicologia daUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | | | - João Delgado
- Faculdade de Psicologia daUniversidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
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Granger S, Pavlis A, Collett J, Hallam KT. Revisiting the “manic defence hypothesis”: assessing explicit and implicit cognitive biases in euthymic bipolar disorder. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13284207.2021.1948303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shara Granger
- Psychology Discipline, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexia Pavlis
- Psychology Discipline, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - James Collett
- Department of Psychology, School of Science and Biomedicine, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen T. Hallam
- Centre for Youth AOD Research and Practice, Youth Support and Advocacy Service (YSAS), Fitzroy, Australia
- Institute for Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Pilkington P, Younan R, Bishop A. Early maladaptive schemas, suicidal ideation, and self-harm: A meta-analytic review. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Popa CO, Rus AV, Skinner C, Jakab ZS. The Relation of Dysfunctional Cognitive Schemas and Personality Dimensions in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. ACTA MEDICA MARISIENSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/amma-2017-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated whether differences exist in the structural personality dimensions and eighteen maladaptive cognitive schemas among in- and out-patients (Clinical Group) diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and people from the general population without any psychiatric diagnostic (Control Group).
Methods: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) sample (N = 100) included 35 (35%) men and 65 (65%) women, with a mean age of 36.4 years (SD = 10.86; age range 18-69). The control sample (N = 100), included 28 (28%) men and 72 (72%) women, with a mean age of 27.1 years (SD = 9.8; age range 19-60). Data were simultaneously analyzed with one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) to measure the effect of group membership on personality dimensions and on dysfunctional cognitive schemas, controlling for participants' age. Next, univariate analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were done on each item with covariate-adjusted post-hoc comparisons.
Results: The results indicate that the Clinical Group participants had unfavorable scores on all five personality dimensions (i.e., Openness, Extraversion; Conscientiousness; Agreeability; and Emotional Stability - Neuroticism) and for almost all of the dysfunctional cognitive schemas in comparison with participants in the Control Group.
Conclusions: These results have general implications in understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) clients and their personality characteristic's profile and dysfunctional/maladaptive cognitive schemas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Octavian Popa
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures , Romania , Department of Ethics and Social Sciences
| | - Adrian V. Rus
- Southwestern Christian University , Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Bethany , OK, USA
| | - Cathleen Skinner
- Southwestern Christian University , Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences , Bethany , OK, USA
| | - Zsolt S. Jakab
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mures , Department of Counseling and Career Guidance , Romania
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da Luz FQ, Sainsbury A, Hay P, Roekenes JA, Swinbourne J, da Silva DC, da S Oliveira M. Early Maladaptive Schemas and Cognitive Distortions in Adults with Morbid Obesity: Relationships with Mental Health Status. Behav Sci (Basel) 2017; 7:E10. [PMID: 28264484 PMCID: PMC5371754 DOI: 10.3390/bs7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional cognitions may be associated with unhealthy eating behaviors seen in individuals with obesity. However, dysfunctional cognitions commonly occur in individuals with poor mental health independently of weight. We examined whether individuals with morbid obesity differed with regard to dysfunctional cognitions when compared to individuals of normal weight, when mental health status was controlled for. 111 participants-53 with morbid obesity and 58 of normal weight-were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination, Young Schema Questionnaire, Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, and a Demographic and Clinical Questionnaire. Participants with morbid obesity showed higher scores in one (insufficient self-control/self-discipline) of 15 early maladaptive schemas and in one (labeling) of 15 cognitive distortions compared to participants of normal weight. The difference between groups for insufficient self-control/self-discipline was not significant when mental health status was controlled for. Participants with morbid obesity showed more severe anxiety than participants of normal weight. Our findings did not show clinically meaningful differences in dysfunctional cognitions between participants with morbid obesity or of normal weight. Dysfunctional cognitions presented by individuals with morbid obesity are likely related to their individual mental health and not to their weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Q da Luz
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Faculty of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre/RS, CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Sainsbury
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Centre for Health Research and School of Medicine, The University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Jessica A Roekenes
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Jessica Swinbourne
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Dhiordan C da Silva
- Faculty of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre/RS, CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Margareth da S Oliveira
- Faculty of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre/RS, CEP 90619-900, Brazil.
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