Social Cognitive and Planned Behavior Variables Associated With Stages of Change for Physical Activity in Spinal Cord Injury: A Multivariate Analysis

Role of self-efficacy on functional limitations among persons with spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVES

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in mild to severe functional limitations, decreasing a person's ability to perform activities of daily living. This study aims to identify the influence of SCI characteristics and self-efficacy on functional limitations, controlling for sociodemographic factors.

METHODS

Participants for this cross-sectional descriptive study included 272 persons with SCI. The participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographic information, secondary physical conditions, self-efficacy, and functional limitations, using an online Qualtrics Survey. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesis.

RESULTS

Participants reported higher functional limitations on dressing the lower body and managing their bowels compared to other activities of daily living. The sociodemographics, injury characteristics, and self-efficacy collectively accounted for 66% variance in functional limitations. A higher level of secondary physical conditions and tetraplegia injury contributed to higher functional limitations. As hypothesized, greater self-efficacy significantly contributed to low functional limitations above and beyond sociodemographic and SCI-related variables.

DISCUSSION

Functional limitations following SCI are a pervasive challange in persons with SCI. Early recognition and management of secondary conditions and implementation of psychological interventions to strengthen self-efficacy in performing activities and managing secondary complications could potentially enhance functional independence and, ultimately, quality of life in this population.