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Possamai CB, Rodrigues de Melo F, Mendes SL, Strier KB. Demographic changes in an Atlantic Forest primate community following a yellow fever outbreak. Am J Primatol 2022; 84:e23425. [PMID: 35899394 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated demographic changes in three primate species (Alouatta guariba, Sapajus nigritus, and Callithrix flaviceps) at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural-Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil, following a yellow fever outbreak (YFO) by comparing their population sizes before (2015) and after the outbreak (2017-2018), and by monitoring the size, composition, and reproductive status of groups from 2017 to 2021. Comparisons of pre- and post-YFO census data indicate the A. guariba population declined by 86.6%, from an estimated minimum of 522 individuals to 70 individuals. However, by October 2021, the population had grown to at least 86 individuals, with an adult sex ratio (N = 53) that was female-biased (0.61). Eleven of the 13 groups being monitored systematically were reproductively active with high survivorship to 12 months of age. S. nigritus declined by 40%, from 377 to 226 individuals. The sex ratio of 33 adult S. nigritus is also female-biased (0.71), and at least 8 of 15 groups being monitored are reproductively active. C. flaviceps declined by 80%, from 85 individuals to the 15-17 individuals observed from 2017 to 2021. The female-biased adult sex ratio and presence of infants and juveniles in the A. guariba and S. nigritus groups are encouraging signs, but there is still great concern, especially for C. flaviceps. Continued monitoring of the demographics of these primates is needed as their persistence appears to still be at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Possamai
- Financial Sector, Muriqui Instituto de Biodiversidade-MIB-R: Euclydes Etienne Arreguy Filho, Centro Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MeCFauna Lab, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Lucena Mendes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CCHN/UFES, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Karen B Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Freire Filho R, Inforzato I, Tabacow FP, Martins W, Possamai CB, Ferraz D, Hack ROE, Rocha S, Slomp DV, Nery MS, Almeida L, Fernandes N, Alves PPR, Mendes SL, Strier KB. Thanatology in the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). Primates 2022; 63:335-342. [PMID: 35648246 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-022-00991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Primate thanatology, or the study of primate responses to dying and death, has become increasingly relevant in recent years. However, the number of reports remains small and the quality of published records is highly variable. Here, we extend the literature on comparative thanatology with observations on a population of the northern muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). We compiled all seven cases of muriqui responses to dead, dying, or abandoned infants observed by trained researchers of the Muriqui Project of Caratinga between 1998 and 2020. Four different adult females were observed carrying their dead offspring (n = 4) and one of these females was also observed carrying her dead grand-offspring (n = 1). Five of the seven cases involved dead newborns, one involved a newborn abandoned by its mother on the forest floor, and one involved a 1.6-year-old infant that was visibly ill and died after its mother left it on the ground. Dead newborns were carried for 1-3 days, and all cases occurred during the dry season months. No other age-sex classes were observed to interact with the dead or dying immatures. Our observations are consistent with hypotheses concerning the predominance of dead-infant carrying in other primates, and with the effects of climate on rates of corpse disintegration. They also show the value of long-term studies for obtaining and understanding anecdotal records of rare behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robério Freire Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brasil.
| | - Igor Inforzato
- Centro de Pesquisa e Conservação, Projeto BioBrasil, Sociedade Zoológica de Antuérpia, Antuérpia, Belgium.,Bicho do Mato Instituto de Pesquisa, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Tabacow
- Muriqui Instituto de Biodiversidade: MIB, Rua Euclydes Etienne Arreguy Filho, Centro Caratinga, MG, 35300-372, Brazil
| | - Waldney Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, 39401-089, Brazil
| | - Carla B Possamai
- Muriqui Instituto de Biodiversidade: MIB, Rua Euclydes Etienne Arreguy Filho, Centro Caratinga, MG, 35300-372, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ferraz
- Rede Eco-Diversa para Conservação da Biodiversidade, Rua Glicério Dias Soares 76, Niterói, Tombos, MG, 36844-000, Brazil
| | - Robson O E Hack
- Instituto de Tecnologia para o Desenvolvimento, LACTEC, Avenida Comendador Franco 1341, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, 80215-090, Brazil
| | - Samantha Rocha
- Arvo Vida Ambiental, Rua Professor Antonio Tupy Pinheiro, Boa Vista, Curitiba, PR, 82650-100, Brazil
| | - Daniel V Slomp
- Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, SEMA-RS, Avenida Borges de Medeiros, 1.501, 7º andar, Centro Histórico Porto Alegre, RS, 90119-900, Brazil
| | - Marcello S Nery
- Muriqui Instituto de Biodiversidade: MIB, Rua Euclydes Etienne Arreguy Filho, Centro Caratinga, MG, 35300-372, Brazil
| | - Letícia Almeida
- Muriqui Instituto de Biodiversidade: MIB, Rua Euclydes Etienne Arreguy Filho, Centro Caratinga, MG, 35300-372, Brazil
| | - Naíla Fernandes
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Rezende Alves
- Taxa Mundi Institute, Rua Vereda dos Buritis 140, Veredas da Lagoa, Lagoa Santa, MG, 33239-659, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Mendes
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Avenida José Ruschi 4, Santa Teresa, ES, 29650-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, 29075-010, Brazil
| | - Karen B Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Ingberman B, Fusco-Costa R, Monteiro-Filho ELDA. A Current Perspective on the Historical Geographic Distribution of the Endangered Muriquis (Brachyteles spp.): Implications for Conservation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150906. [PMID: 26943910 PMCID: PMC4778866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The muriqui (Brachyteles spp.), endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, is the largest primate in South America and is endangered, mainly due to habitat loss. Its distribution limits are still uncertain and need to be resolved in order to determine their true conservation status. Species distribution modeling (SDM) has been used to estimate potential species distributions, even when information is incomplete. Here, we developed an environmental suitability model for the two endangered species of muriqui (Brachyteles hypoxanthus and B. arachnoides) using Maxent software. Due to historical absence of muriquis, areas with predicted high habitat suitability yet historically never occupied, were excluded from the predicted historical distribution. Combining that information with the model, it is evident that rivers are potential dispersal barriers for the muriquis. Moreover, although the two species are environmentally separated in a large part of its distribution, there is a potential contact zone where the species apparently do not overlap. This separation might be due to either a physical (i.e., Serra da Mantiqueira mountains) or a biotic barrier (the species exclude one another). Therefore, in addition to environmental characteristics, physical and biotic barriers potentially shaped the limits of the muriqui historical range. Based on these considerations, we proposed the adjustment of their historical distributional limits. Currently only 7.6% of the predicted historical distribution of B. hypoxanthus and 12.9% of B. arachnoides remains forested and able to sustain viable muriqui populations. In addition to measurement of habitat loss we also identified areas for conservation concern where new muriqui populations might be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ingberman
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Wildlife Research Department, Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia (IPeC), Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Fusco-Costa
- Wildlife Research Department, Instituto de Pesquisas Cananéia (IPeC), Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jung L, Mourthe I, Grelle CEV, Strier KB, Boubli JP. Effects of Local Habitat Variation on the Behavioral Ecology of Two Sympatric Groups of Brown Howler Monkey (Alouatta clamitans). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129789. [PMID: 26147203 PMCID: PMC4492992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the brown howler monkey (Alouatta clamitans) is a relatively well-studied Neotropical primate, its behavioral and dietary flexibility at the intra-population level remains poorly documented. This study presents data collected on the behavior and ecology of two closely located groups of brown howlers during the same period at the RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala in southeastern Brazil. One group occupied a primary valley habitat, henceforth the Valley Group (VG), and the other group occupied a regenerating hillside habitat, the Hill Group (HG). We hypothesized differences in the behavior and ecological parameters between these sympatric groups due to the predicted harsher conditions on the hillside, compared to the valley. We measured several habitat parameters within the home range of both groups and collected data on the activity budget, diet and day range lengths, from August to November 2005, between dawn and dusk. In total, behavioral data were collected for 26 (318 h) and 28 (308 h) sampling days for VG and HG, respectively. As we predicted, HG spent significantly more time feeding and consumed less fruit and more leaves than VG, consistent with our finding that the hillside habitat was of lower quality. However, HG also spent less time resting and more time travelling than VG, suggesting that the monkeys had to expend more time and energy to obtain high-energy foods, such as fruits and flowers that were more widely spaced in their hill habitat. Our results revealed that different locations in this forest vary in quality and raise the question of how different groups secure their home ranges. Fine-grained comparisons such as this are important to prioritize conservation and management areas within a reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Jung
- Thuringian State Institute of Agriculture, Jena, Germany
| | - Italo Mourthe
- Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. V. Grelle
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karen B. Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jean P. Boubli
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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IURCK MARIAF, NOWAK MATTHEWG, COSTA LENYC, MENDES SÉRGIOL, FORD SUSANM, STRIER KARENB. Feeding and Resting Postures of Wild Northern Muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). Am J Primatol 2012; 75:74-87. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- MARIA F. IURCK
- Núcleo de Estudos do Comportamento Animal, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná; Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Curitiba,; PR, Brasil
| | - MATTHEW G. NOWAK
- Department of Anthropology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale; Illinois
| | | | | | - SUSAN M. FORD
- Department of Anthropology; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale; Illinois
| | - KAREN B. STRIER
- Department of Anthropology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison; Wisconsin
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Mourthé IMC, Guedes D, Fidelis J, Boubli JP, Mendes SL, Strier KB. Ground use by northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). Am J Primatol 2008; 69:706-12. [PMID: 17253634 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Many arboreal primates descend to the ground, a custom that may occur more frequently in disturbed habitats, and in the presence of researchers to whom the primates are habituated. In this paper, we describe opportunistic observations of ground use in two groups of northern muriquis (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) at the RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Members of both groups were observed drinking, resting, feeding, playing, and traveling on the ground to different degrees, and variation in the levels of habituation of the two groups may be responsible for the differences in the distribution of their terrestrial activities. The potential increase in vulnerability to predation or disease owing to ground use has implications for the conservation of this critically endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo M C Mourthé
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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