1
|
Gerig BS, Chaloner DT, Rediske RR, Paterson G, Lamberti GA. Pacific salmon as vectors of environmental contaminants: An experimental test confirms synoptic surveys in natural streams. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122355. [PMID: 37567402 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Pacific salmon transfer large quantities of material to tributaries during their spawning migrations, including carcass tissue and labile nutrients but also persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals. We conducted a Before-After-Control-Intervention experiment by adding salmon carcasses and eggs to a Michigan (USA) stream that had never received inputs from non-native salmon to understand the bioaccumulation and persistence of biotransported contaminants. Our experimental outcomes were compared to previous studies using meta-analysis. Coincident with the introduction of salmon, the PCB and DDE burden of resident trout significantly increased. However, we did not observe changes in total mercury (Hg). Two years after the salmon addition experiment concluded, resident trout POP concentrations had returned to pre-addition levels, with no difference between the treatment and control reaches. Analysis of effect sizes suggested that the contaminant response observed in our experiment is consistent with field survey observations. Our study suggested that the consumption of salmon eggs drove the increase in POP burden of resident trout while Hg bioaccumulation was influenced by watershed sources. Critically, our study suggests that ecosystems are capable of quickly recovering from POP inputs from species migrations if contaminant sources are removed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Gerig
- Great Rivers Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, National Park Service, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
| | - Dominic T Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Richard R Rediske
- Annis Water Resource Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI, 49441, USA
| | - Gordon Paterson
- Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mitwally H, Rashidy HE, Montagna P. Linkages between pelagic and benthic biota in a deteriorated coastal lake after restoration, Maruit, Egypt. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:919. [PMID: 37405573 PMCID: PMC10322792 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Until the 1960s, Lake Maruit was one of Egypt's most productive coastal brackish lakes. Continuous polluted discharge from Alexandria city resulted in long-term deterioration. The Egyptian government started a lake restoration program in 2010. Biological linkages between pelagic and benthic communities were assessed in November 2012 using parasitism and predation. This study examined ectoparasites infesting tilapia fish from 300 samples. The platyhelminth ectoparasite, Monogenea, and parasitic-copepod Ergasilus lizae were detected. Platyhelminthes parasitized Oreochromis niloticus and Oreochromis aureus, whereas the crustacean parasitized Coptodon zillii. The parasitic prevalence was low for Cichlidogyrus sp. and Ergasilus lizae. Benthic biotas were similar across basins. Fish abundance does not respond directly to benthic biotic components. Phytoplankton and benthic microalgae were not the main fish diet. Data on Halacaridae and fish clustered, indicating that either Halacaridae responds to their environment like fish or fish prey upon them because of their size. Linear correlations between pelagic, benthic biota, and parasite-infected fish indicate parasites may control their hosts. Some bioindicators indicate that stressed ecosystems differ from unstressed ecosystems. Fish species and biota abundances were low. Inconsistency in the food web and an absence of direct interactions between prey and predators are bioindicators of disturbed ecosystems. The low prevalence of ectoparasites and lack of heterogenous distribution of the various examined biota are bioindicators of habitat rehabilitation. Ongoing biomonitoring to better understand habitat rehabilitation is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Mitwally
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hoda El Rashidy
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Paul Montagna
- Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ansley RJ, Rivera‐Monroy VH, Griffis‐Kyle K, Hoagland B, Emert A, Fagin T, Loss SR, McCarthy HR, Smith NG, Waring EF. Assessing impacts of climate change on selected foundation species and ecosystem services in the South‐Central USA. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. James Ansley
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management Department Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA
| | - Victor H. Rivera‐Monroy
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of the Coast and Environment Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Kerry Griffis‐Kyle
- Department of Natural Resources Management Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Bruce Hoagland
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
| | - Amanda Emert
- The Institute of Environmental and Human Health Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Todd Fagin
- The Center for Spatial Analysis University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
| | - Scott R. Loss
- Natural Resource Ecology and Management Department Oklahoma State University Stillwater Oklahoma USA
| | - Heather R. McCarthy
- The Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA
| | - Nicholas G. Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Elizabeth F. Waring
- Department of Natural Sciences Northeastern State University Tahlequah Oklahoma USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lakescape connectivity: Mobile fish consumers link Lake Michigan coastal wetland and nearshore food webs. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
|
5
|
Masese FO, Fuss T, Bistarelli LT, Buchen-Tschiskale C, Singer G. Large herbivorous wildlife and livestock differentially influence the relative importance of different sources of energy for riverine food webs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154452. [PMID: 35278569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In many regions of the world, large populations of native wildlife have declined or been replaced by livestock grazing areas and farmlands, with consequences for terrestrial-aquatic ecosystem connectivity and trophic resources supporting food webs in aquatic ecosystems. The river continuum concept (RCC) and the riverine productivity model (RPM) predict a shift of energy supplying aquatic food webs along rivers: from terrestrial inputs in low-order streams to autochthonous production in mid-sized rivers. In Afromontane-savanna landscapes, the shifting numbers of large mammalian wildlife present a physical continuum whose ecological implications for rivers is not clearly understood. Here, we studied the influence of replacing large wildlife (mainly hippos) with livestock on the fractional contribution of C3 vegetation, C4 grasses and periphyton on macroinvertebrates in the Mara River, which is an African montane-savanna river known to receive large subsidy fluxes of terrestrial organic matter and nutrients mediated by large mammalian herbivores (LMH), both wildlife and livestock, in its middle and lower reaches. Using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes, we identified spatial patterns in the fractional contribution of allochthonous organic matter from C3 and C4 plants (woody vegetation and grasses, respectively) and autochthonous energy from periphyton for macroinvertebrates at various sites of the Mara River and its tributaries. Potential energy sources and invertebrates were sampled at 80 sites spanning stream orders 1 to 7, various catchment land uses (forest, agriculture and grasslands) and different loading rates of organic matter and nutrients by LMH (livestock and wildlife, i.e., hippopotamus). The fractional contribution of different sources of energy for macroinvertebrates along the river did not follow predictions of the RCC and RPM. First, the fractional contribution of C3 and C4 carbon was not related to river order or location along the fluvial continuum but to the loading of organic matter (dung) by both wildlife and livestock. Notably, C4 carbon was important for macroinvertebrates even in large river sections inhabited by hippos. Second, even in small 1st -3rd order forested streams, periphyton was a major source of energy for macroinvertebrates, and this was fostered by livestock inputs fuelling aquatic primary production throughout the river network. Importantly, our results show that replacing wildlife (hippos) with livestock shifts river systems towards greater reliance on autochthonous sources of energy through an algae-grazer pathway as opposed to reliance on allochthonous inputs of C4 carbon through a detrital pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank O Masese
- University of Eldoret, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, P.O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya; Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Fuss
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Thuile Bistarelli
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Buchen-Tschiskale
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straβe 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Department of Ecohydrology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany; Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Integrating Aquatic Metabolism and Net Ecosystem CO2 Balance in Short- and Long-Hydroperiod Subtropical Freshwater Wetlands. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHow aquatic primary productivity influences the carbon (C) sequestering capacity of wetlands is uncertain. We evaluated the magnitude and variability in aquatic C dynamics and compared them to net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) rates within calcareous freshwater wetlands in Everglades National Park. We continuously recorded 30-min measurements of dissolved oxygen (DO), water level, water temperature (Twater), and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). These measurements were coupled with ecosystem CO2 fluxes over 5 years (2012–2016) in a long-hydroperiod peat-rich, freshwater marsh and a short-hydroperiod, freshwater marl prairie. Daily net aquatic primary productivity (NAPP) rates indicated both wetlands were generally net heterotrophic. Gross aquatic primary productivity (GAPP) ranged from 0 to − 6.3 g C m−2 day−1 and aquatic respiration (RAq) from 0 to 6.13 g C m−2 day−1. Nonlinear interactions between water level, Twater, and GAPP and RAq resulted in high variability in NAPP that contributed to NEE. Net aquatic primary productivity accounted for 4–5% of the deviance explained in NEE rates. With respect to the flux magnitude, daily NAPP was a greater proportion of daily NEE at the long-hydroperiod site (mean = 95%) compared to the short-hydroperiod site (mean = 64%). Although we have confirmed the significant contribution of NAPP to NEE in both long- and short-hydroperiod freshwater wetlands, the decoupling of the aquatic and ecosystem fluxes could largely depend on emergent vegetation, the carbonate cycle, and the lateral C flux.
Collapse
|
7
|
Jakovljević O, Popović S, Živić I, Stojanović K, Krizmanić J. Seasonal dynamics of epilithic diatom community from the Vrla River (Southeastern Serbia). KRAGUJEVAC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/kgjsci2143109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal analysis of epilithic diatom community from the Vrla River was performed in four seasons a year (six times) at six sampling sites. Between the second (VR2) and the third sampling site (VR3) was located a trout fish farm. The highest number of diatom taxa was recorded in spring (149) and the lowest in autumn (93). The number of taxa that were found to be dominant during all four seasons was twenty-four. The relationship between 45 the best-fitted diatom taxa, which showed conspicuous seasonal dynamics, and seasons in which these taxa were recorded was illustrated using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The large number of taxa was identified in all four seasons or in winter period only. Few taxa were present only in spring and summer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lamberti GA, Levesque NM, Brueseke MA, Chaloner DT, Benbow ME. Editorial: Animal Mass Mortalities in Aquatic Ecosystems: How Common and Influential? Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.602225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
9
|
Gerig BS, Janetski DJ, Chaloner DT, Lamberti GA. Contaminant Biotransport by Pacific Salmon in the Great Lakes. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
10
|
Benbow ME, Receveur JP, Lamberti GA. Death and Decomposition in Aquatic Ecosystems. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
11
|
Rüegg J, Chaloner DT, Ballantyne F, Levi PS, Song C, Tank JL, Tiegs SD, Lamberti GA. Understanding the Relative Roles of Salmon Spawner Enrichment and Disturbance: A High-Frequency, Multi-Habitat Field and Modeling Approach. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
12
|
Tsang YP, Tingley RW, Hsiao J, Infante DM. Identifying high value areas for conservation: Accounting for connections among terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats in a tropical island system. J Nat Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2019.125711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Pechal JL, Crippen TL, Cammack JA, Tomberlin JK, Benbow ME. Microbial communities of salmon resource subsidies and associated necrophagous consumers during decomposition: Potential of cross-ecosystem microbial dispersal. FOOD WEBS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2019.e00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
14
|
Barbosa A, Martín B, Hermoso V, Arévalo-Torres J, Barbière J, Martínez-López J, Domisch S, Langhans SD, Balbi S, Villa F, Delacámara G, Teixeira H, Nogueira AJA, Lillebø AI, Gil-Jiménez Y, McDonald H, Iglesias-Campos A. Cost-effective restoration and conservation planning in Green and Blue Infrastructure designs. A case study on the Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean: Andalusia (Spain) - Morocco. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:1463-1473. [PMID: 30586831 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Green and Blue Infrastructure (GBI) is a network designed and planned to deliver a wide range of ecosystem services and to protect biodiversity. Existing GBI designs lacked a systematic method to allocate restoration zones. This study proposes a novel approach for systematically selecting cost-effective areas for restoration on the basis of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and ecosystem condition to give an optimal spatial design of GBI. The approach was tested at a regional scale, in a transboundary setting encompassing the Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean in Andalusia (Spain) - Morocco (IBRM), across three aquatic ecosystems: freshwater, coastal and marine. We applied Marxan with Zones to stakeholder-defined scenarios of GBI in the IBRM. Specifically, we aimed to identify management zones within the GBl that addressed different conservation, restoration and exploitation objectives. Although almost all conservation targets were achieved, our results highlighted that the proportion of conservation features (i.e., biodiversity, ecosystem services) that would be compromised in the GBl, and the proportion of provisioning services that would be lost due to conservation (i.e., incidental representation) are potentially large, indicating that the probability of conflicts between conservation and exploitation goals in the area is high. The implementation of restoration zones improved connectivity across the GBI, and also achieved European and global policy targets. Our approach may help guide future applications of GBI to implement the flexible conservation management that aquatic environments require, considering many areas at different spatial scales, across multiple ecosystems, and in transboundary contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barbosa
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Marine Policy and Regional Coordination Section, 7 Place de Fontenoy, F-75352 Paris 07 SP, France.
| | - Beatriz Martín
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Marine Policy and Regional Coordination Section, 7 Place de Fontenoy, F-75352 Paris 07 SP, France
| | - Virgilio Hermoso
- Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya, Solsona, Spain; Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Ecosystem Research, Justus-von-Liebig-Str. 7, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juan Arévalo-Torres
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Marine Policy and Regional Coordination Section, 7 Place de Fontenoy, F-75352 Paris 07 SP, France
| | - Julian Barbière
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Marine Policy and Regional Coordination Section, 7 Place de Fontenoy, F-75352 Paris 07 SP, France
| | - Javier Martínez-López
- BC3-Basque Centre for Climate Change, Sede Building 1, 1st floor, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Sami Domisch
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Ecosystem Research, Justus-von-Liebig-Str. 7, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone D Langhans
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Department of Ecosystem Research, Justus-von-Liebig-Str. 7, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; BC3-Basque Centre for Climate Change, Sede Building 1, 1st floor, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; University of Otago, Department of Zoology, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stefano Balbi
- BC3-Basque Centre for Climate Change, Sede Building 1, 1st floor, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ferdinando Villa
- BC3-Basque Centre for Climate Change, Sede Building 1, 1st floor, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Delacámara
- IMDEA - Water Institute - Water Economics Department, Av/ Punto Com, 2, Parque Científico Tecnológico de la Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Heliana Teixeira
- Departament of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Antonio J A Nogueira
- Departament of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana I Lillebø
- Departament of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Yolanda Gil-Jiménez
- Junta de Andalucía, Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía, Puerto de Málaga, Cara Sur - Lonja del Puerto s/n, 29001 Málaga, Spain
| | - Hugh McDonald
- Ecologic Institute, Pfalzburger Strasse 43/44, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alejandro Iglesias-Campos
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Marine Policy and Regional Coordination Section, 7 Place de Fontenoy, F-75352 Paris 07 SP, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Entrekin SA, Clay NA, Mogilevski A, Howard-Parker B, Evans-White MA. Multiple riparian-stream connections are predicted to change in response to salinization. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:20180042. [PMID: 30509922 PMCID: PMC6283969 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary freshwater salinization, a common anthropogenic alteration, has detrimental, lethal and sub-lethal effects on aquatic biota. Ions from secondary salinization can become toxic to terrestrial and aquatic organisms when exposed to salinized runoff that causes periodic high-concentration pulses. Gradual, low-level (less than 1000 ppm salinity) increases in salt concentrations are also commonly documented in regions with urbanization, agriculture, drilling and mining. Despite widespread low-level salt increases, little is known about the biological and ecological consequences in coupled riparian-stream systems. Recent research indicates lethal and even sub-lethal levels of ions can subsidize or stress microbial decomposer and macroinvertebrate detritivores that could lead to alterations of three riparian-stream pathways: (i) salinized runoff that changes microbial decomposer and macroinvertebrate detritivore and algae performance leading to changes in composition and processing of detrital pools; (ii) riparian plant salt uptake and altered litter chemistry, and litterfall for riparian and aquatic detritivores and their subsequent enrichment, stimulating decomposition rates and production of dissolved and fine organic matter; and (iii) salt consumption in salinized soils could increase riparian detritivore growth, decomposition and dissolved organic matter production. Subsidy-stress and reciprocal flows in coupled riparian-stream connections provide frameworks to identify the extent and magnitude of changes in detrital processing from salinization.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Entrekin
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, AR 72035, USA
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Natalie A Clay
- School of Biological Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272, USA
| | | | - Brooke Howard-Parker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fritz KM, Schofield KA, Alexander LC, McManus MG, Golden HE, Lane CR, Kepner WG, LeDuc SD, DeMeester JE, Pollard AI. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONNECTIVITY OF STREAMS AND RIPARIAN WETLANDS TO DOWNSTREAM WATERS: A SYNTHESIS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION 2018; 54:323-345. [PMID: 30245566 PMCID: PMC6145469 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Streams, riparian areas, floodplains, alluvial aquifers and downstream waters (e.g., large rivers, lakes, oceans) are interconnected by longitudinal, lateral, and vertical fluxes of water, other materials and energy. Collectively, these interconnected waters are called fluvial hydrosystems. Physical and chemical connectivity within fluvial hydrosystems is created by the transport of nonliving materials (e.g., water, sediment, nutrients, contaminants) which either do or do not chemically change (chemical and physical connections, respectively). A substantial body of evidence unequivocally demonstrates physical and chemical connectivity between streams and riparian wetlands and downstream waters. Streams and riparian wetlands are structurally connected to downstream waters through the network of continuous channels and floodplain form that make these systems physically contiguous, and the very existence of these structures provides strong geomorphologic evidence for connectivity. Functional connections between streams and riparian wetlands and their downstream waters vary geographically and over time, based on proximity, relative size, environmental setting, material disparity, and intervening units. Because of the complexity and dynamic nature of connections among fluvial hydrosystem units, a complete accounting of the physical and chemical connections and their consequences to downstream waters should aggregate over multiple years to decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken M Fritz
- Respectively, Research Ecologist (Fritz), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Ecologist (Schofield), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Research Ecologist (Alexander), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Ecologist (McManus), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Physical Scientist (Golden), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Lane), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Kepner), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119; Ecologist (LeDuc), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Director of Water Resources (DeMeester), North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina; Research Ecologist (Pollard), Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 (26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Fritz: )
| | - Kate A Schofield
- Respectively, Research Ecologist (Fritz), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Ecologist (Schofield), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Research Ecologist (Alexander), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Ecologist (McManus), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Physical Scientist (Golden), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Lane), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Kepner), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119; Ecologist (LeDuc), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Director of Water Resources (DeMeester), North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina; Research Ecologist (Pollard), Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 (26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Fritz: )
| | - Laurie C Alexander
- Respectively, Research Ecologist (Fritz), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Ecologist (Schofield), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Research Ecologist (Alexander), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Ecologist (McManus), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Physical Scientist (Golden), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Lane), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Kepner), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119; Ecologist (LeDuc), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Director of Water Resources (DeMeester), North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina; Research Ecologist (Pollard), Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 (26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Fritz: )
| | - Michael G McManus
- Respectively, Research Ecologist (Fritz), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Ecologist (Schofield), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Research Ecologist (Alexander), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Ecologist (McManus), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Physical Scientist (Golden), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Lane), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Kepner), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119; Ecologist (LeDuc), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Director of Water Resources (DeMeester), North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina; Research Ecologist (Pollard), Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 (26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Fritz: )
| | - Heather E Golden
- Respectively, Research Ecologist (Fritz), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Ecologist (Schofield), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Research Ecologist (Alexander), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Ecologist (McManus), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Physical Scientist (Golden), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Lane), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Kepner), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119; Ecologist (LeDuc), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Director of Water Resources (DeMeester), North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina; Research Ecologist (Pollard), Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 (26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Fritz: )
| | - Charles R Lane
- Respectively, Research Ecologist (Fritz), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Ecologist (Schofield), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Research Ecologist (Alexander), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Ecologist (McManus), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Physical Scientist (Golden), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Lane), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Kepner), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119; Ecologist (LeDuc), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Director of Water Resources (DeMeester), North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina; Research Ecologist (Pollard), Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 (26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Fritz: )
| | - William G Kepner
- Respectively, Research Ecologist (Fritz), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Ecologist (Schofield), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Research Ecologist (Alexander), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Ecologist (McManus), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Physical Scientist (Golden), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Lane), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Kepner), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119; Ecologist (LeDuc), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Director of Water Resources (DeMeester), North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina; Research Ecologist (Pollard), Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 (26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Fritz: )
| | - Stephen D LeDuc
- Respectively, Research Ecologist (Fritz), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Ecologist (Schofield), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Research Ecologist (Alexander), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Ecologist (McManus), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Physical Scientist (Golden), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Lane), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Kepner), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119; Ecologist (LeDuc), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Director of Water Resources (DeMeester), North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina; Research Ecologist (Pollard), Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 (26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Fritz: )
| | - Julie E DeMeester
- Respectively, Research Ecologist (Fritz), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Ecologist (Schofield), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Research Ecologist (Alexander), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Ecologist (McManus), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Physical Scientist (Golden), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Lane), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Kepner), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119; Ecologist (LeDuc), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Director of Water Resources (DeMeester), North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina; Research Ecologist (Pollard), Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 (26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Fritz: )
| | - Amina I Pollard
- Respectively, Research Ecologist (Fritz), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Ecologist (Schofield), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Research Ecologist (Alexander), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Ecologist (McManus), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Physical Scientist (Golden), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Lane), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Research Ecologist (Kepner), National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada 89119; Ecologist (LeDuc), National Center for Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460; Director of Water Resources (DeMeester), North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, Durham, North Carolina; Research Ecologist (Pollard), Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460 (26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Fritz: )
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Entrekin S, Trainor A, Saiers J, Patterson L, Maloney K, Fargione J, Kiesecker J, Baruch-Mordo S, Konschnik K, Wiseman H, Nicot JP, Ryan JN. Water Stress from High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing Potentially Threatens Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Arkansas, United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2349-2358. [PMID: 29383932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Demand for high-volume, short duration water withdrawals could create water stress to aquatic organisms in Fayetteville Shale streams sourced for hydraulic fracturing fluids. We estimated potential water stress using permitted water withdrawal volumes and actual water withdrawals compared to monthly median, low, and high streamflows. Risk for biological stress was considered at 20% of long-term median and 10% of high- and low-flow thresholds. Future well build-out projections estimated potential for continued stress. Most water was permitted from small, free-flowing streams and "frack" ponds (dammed streams). Permitted 12-h pumping volumes exceeded median streamflow at 50% of withdrawal sites in June, when flows were low. Daily water usage, from operator disclosures, compared to median streamflow showed possible water stress in 7-51% of catchments from June-November, respectively. If 100% of produced water was recycled, per-well water use declined by 25%, reducing threshold exceedance by 10%. Future water stress was predicted to occur in fewer catchments important for drinking water and species of conservation concern due to the decline in new well installations and increased use of recycled water. Accessible and precise withdrawal and streamflow data are critical moving forward to assess and mitigate water stress in streams that experience high-volume withdrawals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Entrekin
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas , 201 Donaghey Avenue, Conway, Arkansas 72035, United States
| | - Anne Trainor
- The Nature Conservancy, African Program, University of Cincinnati , 820G Rieveschl Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220, United States
| | - James Saiers
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University , 195 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Lauren Patterson
- Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke University , 2111 Campus Drive, Durham North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kelly Maloney
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center , 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430, United States
| | - Joseph Fargione
- The Nature Conservancy , 1101 West River Parkway, Suite 200, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, United States
| | - Joseph Kiesecker
- The Nature Conservancy, Global Lands Team , 117 E. Mountain Avenue, Suite 201, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States
| | - Sharon Baruch-Mordo
- The Nature Conservancy, Global Lands Team , 117 E. Mountain Avenue, Suite 201, Fort Collins, Colorado 80524, United States
| | - Katherine Konschnik
- Environmental Policy Initiative, Harvard Law School , #4123 Wasserstein Hall, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Hannah Wiseman
- Florida State University College of Law , 424 West Jefferson Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Jean-Philippe Nicot
- Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin , 10100 Burnet Road, Building 130, Austin, Texas 78758, United States
| | - Joseph N Ryan
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gerig BS, Chaloner DT, Janetski DJ, Rediske RR, O'Keefe JP, Moerke AH, Lamberti GA. Congener Patterns of Persistent Organic Pollutants Establish the Extent of Contaminant Biotransport by Pacific Salmon in the Great Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:554-563. [PMID: 26641658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the Great Lakes, introduced Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) can transport persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), to new environments during their spawning migrations. To explore the nature and extent of POP biotransport by salmon, we compared 58 PCB and 6 PBDE congeners found in spawning salmon directly to those in resident stream fish. We hypothesized that stream fish exposed to salmon spawners would have congener patterns similar to those of salmon, the presumed contaminant source. Using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), we found that POP congener patterns of Pacific salmon varied among regions in the Great Lakes basin (i.e., Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, or Lake Superior), tissue type (whole fish or eggs), and contaminant type (PCB or PBDE). For stream-resident fish, POP congener pattern was influenced by the presence of salmon, location (i.e., Great Lakes Basin), and species identity (i.e., brook trout [Salvelinus fontinalis] or mottled sculpin [Cottus bairdii]). Similarity in congener patterns indicated that salmon are a source of POPs to brook trout in stream reaches receiving salmon spawners from Lake Michigan and Lake Huron but not from Lake Superior. Congener patterns of mottled sculpin differed from those of brook trout and salmon, suggesting that brook trout and mottled sculpin either use salmon tissue to differing degrees, acquire POPs from different dietary sources, or bioaccumulate or metabolize POPs differently. Overall, our analyses identified the important role of salmon in contaminant biotransport but also demonstrated that the extent of salmon-mediated POP transfer and uptake in Great Lakes tributaries is location- and species-specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Gerig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Dominic T Chaloner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David J Janetski
- Department of Biology, Indiana University of Pennsylvania , Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705, United States
| | - Richard R Rediske
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University , Muskegon, Michigan 49441, United States
| | - James P O'Keefe
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University , Muskegon, Michigan 49441, United States
| | - Ashley H Moerke
- School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University , Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan 49783, United States
| | - Gary A Lamberti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gillett ND, Pan Y, Eli Asarian J, Kann J. Spatial and temporal variability of river periphyton below a hypereutrophic lake and a series of dams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:1382-1392. [PMID: 26479912 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Klamath River is described as an "upside-down" river due to its origins from the hypereutrophic Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) and hydrology that is heavily regulated by upstream dams. Understanding the lake and reservoir effects on benthic communities in the river can inform important aspects of its water quality dynamics. Periphyton samples were collected in May-November from 2004, 2006-2013 at nine long-term monitoring sites along 306 river km below UKL and a series of dams (n=299). Cluster analysis of periphyton assemblages identified three statistically different periphyton groups (denoted Groups 1-3). Group 1 occurred primarily in the upstream reach for June-October and had a higher percentage of sestonic species, including the cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa, consistent with the presence of upstream reservoirs. Group 2 had the highest relative biomass of diatoms and lowest relative biomass of cyanobacteria. Sites in the lower reach of the Klamath River fell into Group 2 in May-June and transitioning into Group 3 for July-October. Group 3 was dominated by nitrogen (N)-fixing species, including three diatoms (Epithemia sorex, Epithemia turgida, and Rhopalodia gibba) with cyanobacterial endosymbionts and the cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. Periphyton assemblages were strongly associated with temporal variations in flow conditions (e.g., decreasing flow from spring to fall) and spatial gradients in nutrient concentrations (e.g., decreasing from upstream to downstream). The inverse longitudinal relationship between periphyton biomass and nutrients may be explained by the ability of benthic N-fixers (Group 3) to overcome N limitation. Overall results showed a strong inverse relationship between the relative biomass of N-fixers and nitrogen concentrations and flow. This long-term dataset provides valuable insight into Klamath River's seasonal and longitudinal patterns of benthic algal communities and associated environmental variables. Our findings can inform river management decisions such as reducing upstream nutrient loads, setting flow regimes, and potential dam removals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia D Gillett
- Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA.
| | - Yangdong Pan
- Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA
| | - J Eli Asarian
- Riverbend Sciences, PO Box 2874, Weaverville, CA 96093, USA
| | - Jacob Kann
- Aquatic Ecosystem Sciences, 295 East Main St., Ashland, OR 97520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pierce SC, Kröger R, Pezeshki R. Managing artificially drained low-gradient agricultural headwaters for enhanced ecosystem functions. BIOLOGY 2012; 1:794-856. [PMID: 24832519 PMCID: PMC4009802 DOI: 10.3390/biology1030794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Large tracts of lowlands have been drained to expand extensive agriculture into areas that were historically categorized as wasteland. This expansion in agriculture necessarily coincided with changes in ecosystem structure, biodiversity, and nutrient cycling. These changes have impacted not only the landscapes in which they occurred, but also larger water bodies receiving runoff from drained land. New approaches must append current efforts toward land conservation and restoration, as the continuing impacts to receiving waters is an issue of major environmental concern. One of these approaches is agricultural drainage management. This article reviews how this approach differs from traditional conservation efforts, the specific practices of drainage management and the current state of knowledge on the ecology of drainage ditches. A bottom-up approach is utilized, examining the effects of stochastic hydrology and anthropogenic disturbance on primary production and diversity of primary producers, with special regard given to how management can affect establishment of macrophytes and how macrophytes in agricultural landscapes alter their environment in ways that can serve to mitigate non-point source pollution and promote biodiversity in receiving waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Pierce
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Robert Kröger
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Reza Pezeshki
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sepulveda-Villet OJ, Stepien CA. Waterscape genetics of the yellow perch (Perca flavescens): patterns across large connected ecosystems and isolated relict populations. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:5795-826. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo J. Sepulveda-Villet
- Great Lakes Genetics Laboratory, Lake Erie Center and Department of Environmental Sciences; The University of Toledo; 6200 Bayshore Road; Toledo; OH; 43616; USA
| | - Carol A. Stepien
- Great Lakes Genetics Laboratory, Lake Erie Center and Department of Environmental Sciences; The University of Toledo; 6200 Bayshore Road; Toledo; OH; 43616; USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mogren CL, von Kiparski GR, Parker DR, Trumble JT. Survival, reproduction, and arsenic body burdens in Chironomus riparius exposed to arsenate and phosphate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 425:60-65. [PMID: 22464028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing awareness of arsenic (As) contamination in surface waters worldwide, little is known about how As alone and in the presence of other chemicals affects aquatic insects. Larvae of Chironomus riparius were exposed in a laboratory investigation to factorial combinations of 0, 0.13, 2.0, 5.3, and 13 μmol As l(-1) and 0, 0.15, and 15 μmol PO(4) l(-1) throughout development from first instar to pupal emergence. The time between male and female emergence increased from 1.8±0.17 days to 2.9±0.34 days with exposure at higher As levels. The highest As exposure also decreased the number of eggs per egg mass, which may affect population maintenance. For these parameters, there was no effect from PO(4), and no interaction between As and PO(4). Total As determination of larval and adult tissues was conducted using Hydride Generated Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (HGAAS) and revealed concentrations ranging from 2.48±0.363 to 30.5±0.473 μg/g and 1.03±0.286 to 8.97±0.662 μg/g, respectively, indicating elimination of approximately 72% of total As body burdens between the fourth instar and adult stages. There was no effect of PO(4), indicating PO(4) does not alter uptake of As in C. riparius. The potential for movement of As to terrestrial systems exists, though trophic transfer may be more likely during the aquatic larval stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Mogren
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Petticrew EL, Rex JF, Albers SJ. Bidirectional delivery of organic matter between freshwater and marine systems: the role of flocculation in Pacific salmon streams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1899/10-133.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L. Petticrew
- Geography Program and Quesnel River Research Centre, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9
| | - John F. Rex
- Geography Program and Quesnel River Research Centre, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9 and British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range, Forest Science, 1011 Fourth Ave., 5th Floor, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2M 3H9
| | - Sam J. Albers
- Geography Program and Quesnel River Research Centre, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada V2N 4Z9
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Burton GA, Johnston EL. Assessing contaminated sediments in the context of multiple stressors. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2010; 29:2625-2643. [PMID: 20931605 DOI: 10.1002/etc.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sediments have a major role in ecosystem functioning but can also act as physical or chemical stressors. Anthropogenic activities may change the chemical constituency of sediments and the rate, frequency, and extent of sediment transport, deposition, and resuspension. The importance of sediments as stressors will depend on site ecosystem attributes and the magnitude and preponderance of co-occurring stressors. Contaminants are usually of greater ecological consequence in human-modified, depositional environments, where other anthropogenic stressors often co-occur. Risk assessments and restoration strategies should better consider the role of chemical contamination in the context of multiple stressors. There have been numerous advances in the temporal and spatial characterization of stressor exposures and quantification of biological responses. Contaminated sediments causing biological impairment tend to be patchy, whereas more pervasive anthropogenic stressors, such as alterations to habitat and flow, physical disturbance, and nutrient addition, may drive large-scale ecosystem responses. A systematic assessment of relevant ecosystem attributes and reference conditions can assist in understanding the importance of sediments in the context of other stressors. Experimental manipulations then allow for the controlled study of dominant stressors and the establishment of causal links. This approach will result in more effective management of watersheds and waterways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Allen Burton
- Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1041, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Johnson LB, Host GE. Recent developments in landscape approaches for the study of aquatic ecosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1899/09-030.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda B. Johnson
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, Minnesota 55811-1442 USA
| | - George E. Host
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, Minnesota 55811-1442 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Benke AC, Huryn AD. Benthic invertebrate production—facilitating answers to ecological riddles in freshwater ecosystems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1899/08-075.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C. Benke
- Aquatic Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487 USA
| | - Alexander D. Huryn
- Aquatic Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Steinman AD, Silver P, Fisher S, Meyer JL. The J-NABS 25th anniversary issue: reflecting on the past, synthesizing the present, and projecting into the future. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1899/09-161.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan D. Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 W. Shoreline Dr., Muskegon, Michigan 49441 USA
| | - Pamela Silver
- School of Science, Penn State Erie, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563 USA
| | - Stuart Fisher
- School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501 USA
| | - Judy L. Meyer
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Poole GC. Stream hydrogeomorphology as a physical science basis for advances in stream ecology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1899/08-070.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C. Poole
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3120 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Holomuzki JR, Feminella JW, Power ME. Biotic interactions in freshwater benthic habitats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1899/08-044.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Holomuzki
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 1760 University Drive, The Ohio State University, Mansfield, Ohio 44906-1535 USA
| | - Jack W. Feminella
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5407 USA
| | - Mary E. Power
- Department of Integrative Biology, 4184 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3140 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dolédec S, Statzner B. Responses of freshwater biota to human disturbances: contribution of J-NABS to developments in ecological integrity assessments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1899/08-090.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Dolédec
- UMR CNRS 5023 Ecologie Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 43 bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Bernhard Statzner
- CNRS, Biodiversité des Ecosystèmes Lotiques, 304 Chemin Creuse Roussillon, F-01600 Parcieux, France
| |
Collapse
|