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Gattolliat JL, Samraoui B, Benhadji N, Kechemir L, Zrelli S, El Yaagoubi S, El Moutaouakil MEA, Sartori M. Baetidae (Baetidae, Ephemeroptera) in the Maghreb: state of the art, key, and perspectives. Zookeys 2023; 1139:137-163. [PMID: 36761280 PMCID: PMC9860507 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1139.94586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Among mayflies, Baetidae are often considered as easy to recognise at the family level, but difficult to identify at lower level. In several faunistic or ecological studies, the identification remains at the family level; Baetidae are generally considered as widespread and ubiquitous, therefore as poorly informative for ecological studies or bioassessments. Here, a straightforward identification key is offered to larvae of the ten genera of Baetidae reported from Maghreb based on easily observable and understandable characters. The diversity, ecology, and distribution of each taxonomic unit (genera or subgenera) are discussed and the main difficulties for deeper identification are pointed out. Future challenges and remaining taxonomic riddles for Maghrebian Baetidae are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Gattolliat
- Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, Place Riponne 6, CH-1014 Lausanne, SwitzerlandMuseum of ZoologyLausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Boudjéma Samraoui
- Laboratoire de Conservation des Zones Humides, University 8 mai 1945, Guelma, AlgeriaUniversité 8 Mai 1945GuelmaAlgeria
- Department of Biology, University Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Annaba, AlgeriaUniversity Badji Mokhtar AnnabaAnnabaAlgeria
| | - Nadhira Benhadji
- Laboratoire de Recherche Valorisation des Actions de L’homme Pour la Protection de L’environnement et Application en Santé Publique, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000 Tlemcen, AlgeriaUniversity of TlemcenTlemcenAlgeria
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka street 3 c, 71- 412 Szczecin, PolandUniversity of SzczecinSzczecinPoland
| | - Lina Kechemir
- Faculté des Sciences agronomiques et des sciences biologiques, University of Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou, AlgeriaUniversity of Mouloud MammeriTizi-OuzouAlgeria
| | - Sonia Zrelli
- Unit of Hydrobiology, Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring (LBE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerta, University of Bizerta, 7021 Jarzouna, TunisiaUniversity of BizertaJarzounaTunisia
- Honoris United Universities, Ecole Polytechnique Centrale, Avenue Mohamed V, 1002 Tunis, TunisiaHonoris United UniversitiesTunisTunisia
| | - Sara El Yaagoubi
- Laboratory of Ecology, Systematics and Conservation of the Biodiversity, department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Avenue Sebta, 93002 Tetouan, MoroccoUniversity of Abdelmalek EssaadiTetouanMorocco
| | - Majida El Alami El Moutaouakil
- Laboratory of Ecology, Systematics and Conservation of the Biodiversity, department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Abdelmalek Essaadi, Avenue Sebta, 93002 Tetouan, MoroccoUniversity of Abdelmalek EssaadiTetouanMorocco
| | - Michel Sartori
- Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, Place Riponne 6, CH-1014 Lausanne, SwitzerlandMuseum of ZoologyLausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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Kilian IC, Espeland M, Mey W, Wowor D, Hadiaty RK, von Rintelen T, Herder F. DNA barcoding unveils a high diversity of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in the Mount Halimun Salak National Park (West Java; Indonesia). PeerJ 2022; 10:e14182. [PMID: 36530410 PMCID: PMC9753737 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichoptera are one of the most diverse groups of freshwater insects worldwide and one of the main bioindicators for freshwater quality. However, in many areas, caddisflies remain understudied due to lack of taxonomic expertise. Meanwhile, globally increasing anthropogenic stress on freshwater streams also threatens Trichoptera diversity. Methods To assess the Trichoptera diversity of the area within and around the Mount Halimun Salak National Park (MHSNP or Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak) in West Java (Indonesia), we conducted a molecular-morphological study on Trichoptera diversity using larvae from a benthic survey and adults from hand-netting. In addition to morphological identification, we applied four different molecular taxon delimitation approaches (Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent, Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning) based on DNA barcoding of Cytochrome-C-Oxidase I (COI). Results The molecular delimitation detected 72 to 81 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU). Only five OTUs could be identified to species level by comparing sequences against the BOLD database using BLAST, and four more to the genus level. Adults and larvae could be successfully associated in 18 cases across six families. The high diversity of Trichoptera in this area highlights their potential as bioindicators for water quality assessment. Conclusions This study provides an example of how molecular approaches can benefit the exploration of hidden diversity in unexplored areas and can be a valuable tool to link life stages. However, our study also highlights the need to improve DNA barcode reference libraries of Trichoptera for the Oriental region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C. Kilian
- Museum Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Espeland
- Museum Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfram Mey
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daisy Wowor
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Renny K. Hadiaty
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Thomas von Rintelen
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Herder
- Museum Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Bonn, Germany
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3
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A Mysterious World Revealed: Larval-Adult Matching of Deep-Sea Shrimps from the Gulf of Mexico. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The identification of deep-sea (>200 m) pelagic larvae is extremely challenging due to the morphological diversity across ontogeny and duration of larval phases. Within Decapoda, developmental stages often differ conspicuously from their adult form, representing a bizarre and mysterious world still left to be discovered. The difficulties with sampling and rearing deep-sea larvae, combined with the lack of taxonomic expertise, argues for the use of molecular methods to aid in identification. Here, we use DNA barcoding combined with morphological methods, to match larval stages with their adult counterpart from the northern Gulf of Mexico and adjacent waters. For DNA barcoding, we targeted the mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit 16S (16S) and the protein coding cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI). These data were combined with previous sequences to generate phylogenetic trees that were used to identify 12 unknown larval and two juvenile species from the infraorder Caridea and the suborder Dendrobranchiata. Once identified, we provide taxonomic descriptions and illustrations alongside the current state of knowledge for all families. For many groups, larval descriptions are missing or non-existent, so this study represents a first step of many to advance deep-sea larval diversity.
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Faria L, Pie M, Salles F, Soares E. The Haeckelian shortfall or the tale of the missing semaphoronts. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Faria
- Instituto Latino‐Americano de Ciências da Vida e da NaturezaUniversidade Federal da Integração Latino‐Americana Foz do Iguaçu Brazil
| | - Marcio Pie
- Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Frederico Salles
- Departamento de Entomologia Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares
- Instituto Latino‐Americano de Ciências da Vida e da NaturezaUniversidade Federal da Integração Latino‐Americana Foz do Iguaçu Brazil
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Garces JM, Sartori M, Freitag H. Integrative taxonomy of the genus Dudgeodes Sartori, 2008 (Insecta, Ephemeroptera, Teloganodidae) from the Philippines with description of new species and supplementary descriptions of Southeast Asian species. Zookeys 2020; 910:93-129. [PMID: 32099517 PMCID: PMC7026199 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.910.48659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COI sequences were used as an initial clustering method to delimit putative species of the genus Dudgeodes in the Philippines. An overview of the diagnostic characters of Philippine species and characters with high intraspecific variability are given. Six new species of Dudgeodes are described and illustrated: D. bauernfeindi Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., D. freitagi Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., D. luntian Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., D. pangantihoni Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., D. tabang Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., and D. vonrinteleni Garces & Sartori, sp. nov., all known from the nymphal stage. Supplementary descriptions are provided for D. pescadori Sartori, 2008, D. hutanis Sartori, 2008, D. stephani Sartori, 2008, D. ulmeri Sartori, 2008, and D. celebensis Sartori, 2008. A key to the nymphs of Philippine Dudgeodes species is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhoana M. Garces
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, PhilippinesAteneo de Manila UniversityQuezon CityPhilippines
| | - Michel Sartori
- Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, Place Riponne 6, CH-1014 Lausanne, SwitzerlandMuseum of ZoologyLausanneSwitzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hendrik Freitag
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, PhilippinesAteneo de Manila UniversityQuezon CityPhilippines
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Diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Drilus Olivier, 1790 (Elateridae: Agrypninae: Drilini) in Cyprus. ZOOL ANZ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Towards resolving the double classification in Erythraeus (Actinotrichida: Erythraeidae): matching larvae with adults using 28S sequence data and experimental rearing. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-016-0283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Edgecombe GD, Vahtera V, Giribet G, Kaunisto P. Species limits and phylogeography of Newportia (Scolopendromorpha) and implications for widespread morphospecies. Zookeys 2015; 510:65-77. [PMID: 26257535 PMCID: PMC4523765 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.510.8573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Newportia Gervais, 1847, includes some 60 nominal species distributed in the Caribbean islands and from Mexico to central South America. Modern keys to species and subspecies are available, greatly facilitating identification, but some species are based on few specimens and have incomplete documentation of taxonomically-informative characters. In order to explore genetic variability and evolutionary relationships within geographically-widespread morphospecies, specimens of Newportia (Newportia) stolli (Pocock, 1896) and Newportia (Newportia) divergens Chamberlin, 1922, two nominal species distinguished principally by differences in suture patterns on T1, were sequenced for mitochondrial 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes from populations in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Brazil. Newportia (Newportia) stolli is paraphyletic with respect to Newportia (Newportia) divergens within a clade from Guatemala, Honduras, and Chiapas (Mexico), most trees being consistent with a single loss of a connection between the anterior transverse suture on T1, whereas specimens of "Newportia (Newportia) stolli" from Brazil are not closely allied to those from the Mesomerican type area. The widespread morphospecies Newportia (Newportia) monticola Pocock, 1890, was sequenced for the same loci from populations in Costa Rica, Colombia and Brazil, finding that specimens from these areas do not unite as a monophyletic group. Samples of Newportia (Newportia) oreina Chamberlin, 1915, from different regions of Mexico form geographic clusters that resolve as each other's closest relatives. These results suggest that some widespread species of Newportia may be taxa of convenience more so than natural groupings. In several cases geographic proximity fits the phylogeny better than taxonomy, suggesting that non-monophyletic species do not result from use of inappropriate molecular markers. Molecular identification is possible for specimens missing taxonomically informative morphological characters, notably damaged specimens that lack the ultimate leg pair, a protocol that may also apply to other taxonomically difficult genera that are prone to damage (such as Cryptops).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D. Edgecombe
- Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Varpu Vahtera
- Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Gonzalo Giribet
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pipsa Kaunisto
- Zoological Museum, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
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Wu S, Xiong J, Yu Y. Taxonomic resolutions based on 18S rRNA genes: a case study of subclass copepoda. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131498. [PMID: 26107258 PMCID: PMC4479608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity studies are commonly conducted using 18S rRNA genes. In this study, we compared the inter-species divergence of variable regions (V1-9) within the copepod 18S rRNA gene, and tested their taxonomic resolutions at different taxonomic levels. Our results indicate that the 18S rRNA gene is a good molecular marker for the study of copepod biodiversity, and our conclusions are as follows: 1) 18S rRNA genes are highly conserved intra-species (intra-species similarities are close to 100%); and could aid in species-level analyses, but with some limitations; 2) nearly-whole-length sequences and some partial regions (around V2, V4, and V9) of the 18S rRNA gene can be used to discriminate between samples at both the family and order levels (with a success rate of about 80%); 3) compared with other regions, V9 has a higher resolution at the genus level (with an identification success rate of about 80%); and 4) V7 is most divergent in length, and would be a good candidate marker for the phylogenetic study of Acartia species. This study also evaluated the correlation between similarity thresholds and the accuracy of using nuclear 18S rRNA genes for the classification of organisms in the subclass Copepoda. We suggest that sample identification accuracy should be considered when a molecular sequence divergence threshold is used for taxonomic identification, and that the lowest similarity threshold should be determined based on a pre-designated level of acceptable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhe Yu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Fernández R, Vélez S, Giribet G. Linking genetic diversity and morphological disparity: biodiversity assessment of a highly unexplored family of harvestmen (Arachnida : Opiliones : Neopilionidae) in New Zealand. INVERTEBR SYST 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/is14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In Opiliones, one of the largest orders within the class Arachnida, with more than 6000 described species, sexual dimorphism can be widespread and exaggerated. This great variety of forms of gender-based dimorphism suggests that sexual selection may play an important role in the diversification of some lineages. It also impacts species identification, assignment of females to described species and biodiversity assessments. Here we use DNA-sequence-based species discovery methods (the Poisson Tree Processes model with Bayesian support values, bPTP, and the Generalized Mixed Yule–Coalescent approach, GMYC, accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty) to shed light on the morphological disparity displayed in several species of neopilionid harvestmen from New Zealand. Both species delimitation analyses recovered many clades that coincide with our prior assignment of morphospecies, based solely on males, and allowed us to assign females and juveniles to these species as well as to identify putative new species and to assign some unidentified species to genera. Several genetic species, particularly Forsteropsalis inconstans and Pantopsalis cheliceroides-listeri, showed complex morphological disparity in the size and shape of the male chelicerae, but also in the general size and coloration patterns of the males. The systematic implications of our results and a possible ecological explanation for the exaggerated traits are discussed. Following our findings, the following taxonomic action is taken: Forsteropsalis nigra is considered a junior synonym of F. inconstans (new synonymy).
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11
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Parnmen S, Rangsiruji A, Mongkolsuk P, Boonpragob K, Nutakki A, Lumbsch HT. Using phylogenetic and coalescent methods to understand the species diversity in the Cladia aggregata complex (Ascomycota, Lecanorales). PLoS One 2012; 7:e52245. [PMID: 23272229 PMCID: PMC3525555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cladia aggregata complex is one of the phenotypically most variable groups in lichenized fungi, making species determination difficult and resulting in different classifications accepting between one to eight species. Multi-locus DNA sequence data provide an avenue to test species delimitation scenarios using genealogical and coalescent methods, employing gene and species trees. Here we tested species delimitation in the complex using molecular data of four loci (nuITS and IGS rDNA, protein-coding GAPDH and Mcm-7), including 474 newly generated sequences. Using a combination of ML and Bayesian gene tree topologies, species tree inferences, coalescent-based species delimitation, and examination of phenotypic variation we assessed the circumscription of lineages. We propose that results from our analyses support a 12 species delimitation scenario, suggesting that there is a high level of species diversity in the complex. Morphological and chemical characters often do not characterize lineages but show some degree of plasticity within at least some of the clades. However, clades can often be characterized by a combination of several phenotypical characters. In contrast to the amount of homoplasy in the morphological characters, the data set exhibits some geographical patterns with putative species having distribution patterns, such as austral, Australasian or being endemic to Australia, New Zealand or Tasmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittiporn Parnmen
- Department of Biology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Botany Department, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Aparna Nutakki
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - H. Thorsten Lumbsch
- Botany Department, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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12
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NOVO MARTA, ALMODÓVAR ANA, FERNÁNDEZ ROSA, TRIGO DOLORES, DÍAZ-COSÍN DARÍOJ, GIRIBET GONZALO. Appearances can be deceptive: different diversification patterns within a group of Mediterranean earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae). Mol Ecol 2012; 21:3776-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Sequence-based species delimitation in the Balkan Bythinella Moquin-Tandon, 1856 (Gastropoda: Rissooidea) with general mixed yule coalescent model. FOLIA MALACOLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10125-012-0017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Pereira-da-Conceicoa LL, Price BW, Barber-James HM, Barker NP, de Moor FC, Villet MH. Cryptic variation in an ecological indicator organism: mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data confirm distinct lineages of Baetis harrisoni Barnard (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in southern Africa. BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:26. [PMID: 22373076 PMCID: PMC3523013 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baetis harrisoni Barnard is a mayfly frequently encountered in river studies across Africa, but the external morphological features used for identifying nymphs have been observed to vary subtly between different geographic locations. It has been associated with a wide range of ecological conditions, including pH extremes of pH 2.9-10.0 in polluted waters. We present a molecular study of the genetic variation within B. harrisoni across 21 rivers in its distribution range in southern Africa. RESULTS Four gene regions were examined, two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI] and small subunit ribosomal 16S rDNA [16S]) and two nuclear (elongation factor 1 alpha [EF1α] and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [PEPCK]). Bayesian and parsimony approaches to phylogeny reconstruction resulted in five well-supported major lineages, which were confirmed using a general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) model. Results from the EF1α gene were significantly incongruent with both mitochondrial and nuclear (PEPCK) results, possibly due to incomplete lineage sorting of the EF1α gene. Mean between-clade distance estimated using the COI and PEPCK data was found to be an order of magnitude greater than the within-clade distance and comparable to that previously reported for other recognised Baetis species. Analysis of the Isolation by Distance (IBD) between all samples showed a small but significant effect of IBD. Within each lineage the contribution of IBD was minimal. Tentative dating analyses using an uncorrelated log-normal relaxed clock and two published estimates of COI mutation rates suggest that diversification within the group occurred throughout the Pliocene and mid-Miocene (~2.4-11.5 mya). CONCLUSIONS The distinct lineages of B. harrisoni correspond to categorical environmental variation, with two lineages comprising samples from streams that flow through acidic Table Mountain Sandstone and three lineages with samples from neutral-to-alkaline streams found within eastern South Africa, Malawi and Zambia. The results of this study suggest that B. harrisoni as it is currently recognised is not a single species with a wide geographic range and pH-tolerance, but may comprise up to five species under the phylogenetic species concept, each with limited pH-tolerances, and that the B. harrisoni species group is thus in need of taxonomic review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin W Price
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Department of Freshwater Invertebrates, Albany Museum, Somerset Street, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
| | - Helen M Barber-James
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Department of Freshwater Invertebrates, Albany Museum, Somerset Street, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Nigel P Barker
- Molecular Ecology & Systematics Group, Department of Botany, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Ferdy C de Moor
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
- Department of Freshwater Invertebrates, Albany Museum, Somerset Street, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Martin H Villet
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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Ceccarelli FS, Sharkey MJ, Zaldívar-Riverón A. Species identification in the taxonomically neglected, highly diverse, neotropical parasitoid wasp genus Notiospathius (Braconidae: Doryctinae) based on an integrative molecular and morphological approach. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 62:485-95. [PMID: 22079550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Vuataz L, Sartori M, Wagner A, Monaghan MT. Toward a DNA taxonomy of Alpine Rhithrogena (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) using a mixed Yule-coalescent analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19728. [PMID: 21611178 PMCID: PMC3096624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic larvae of many Rhithrogena mayflies (Ephemeroptera)
inhabit sensitive Alpine environments. A number of species are on the IUCN Red
List and many recognized species have restricted distributions and are of
conservation interest. Despite their ecological and conservation importance,
ambiguous morphological differences among closely related species suggest that
the current taxonomy may not accurately reflect the evolutionary diversity of
the group. Here we examined the species status of nearly 50% of European
Rhithrogena diversity using a widespread sampling scheme of
Alpine species that included 22 type localities, general mixed Yule-coalescent
(GMYC) model analysis of one standard mtDNA marker and one newly developed nDNA
marker, and morphological identification where possible. Using sequences from
533 individuals from 144 sampling localities, we observed significant clustering
of the mitochondrial (cox1) marker into 31 GMYC species.
Twenty-one of these could be identified based on the presence of topotypes
(expertly identified specimens from the species' type locality) or
unambiguous morphology. These results strongly suggest the presence of both
cryptic diversity and taxonomic oversplitting in Rhithrogena.
Significant clustering was not detected with protein-coding nuclear PEPCK,
although nine GMYC species were congruent with well supported terminal clusters
of nDNA. Lack of greater congruence in the two data sets may be the result of
incomplete sorting of ancestral polymorphism. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of
both gene regions recovered four of the six recognized
Rhithrogena species groups in our samples as monophyletic.
Future development of more nuclear markers would facilitate multi-locus analysis
of unresolved, closely related species pairs. The DNA taxonomy developed here
lays the groundwork for a future revision of the important but cryptic
Rhithrogena genus in Europe.
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