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Froján-Parga MX, Núñez de Prado-Gordillo M, Álvarez-Iglesias A, Alonso-Vega J. Functional Behavioral Assessment-based interventions on adults' delusions, hallucinations and disorganized speech: A single case meta-analysis. Behav Res Ther 2019; 120:103444. [PMID: 31398535 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) approach involves the use of single-case designs (SCD) to study the problem behavior-environment contingencies and conduct interventions that consider this functional relationship. Although this approach has been considered an evidence-based practice (EBP) for the treatment of several psychological problems, no meta-analytic studies of FBA-based interventions on delusions, hallucinations and disorganized speech -commonly operationalized as "atypical vocalizations"- have been carried out. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review and synthesize the results of FBA-based interventions on adults' atypical vocalizations. We conducted a systematic review and a multi-level meta-analysis of these interventions, using a recently developed effect size estimator for SCD studies (i.e., log response ratio). All the studies that met our eligibility criteria provided evidence supporting the effectiveness of FBA-based interventions on atypical vocalizations, with an overall average effect size of a 72% reduction. Both the publication year and the methodological quality were found to be significant moderators. Despite some methodological limitations, we can conclude that FBA-based interventions are effective to reduce atypical vocalizations. The implications of these results could be of interest for the mental health community.
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Trahan MA, Donaldson JM, McNabney MK, Kahng S. THE INFLUENCE OF ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF BIZARRE SPEECH IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DEMENTIA. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maranda A. Trahan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Trahan Behavioral Services; Brevard County FL USA
| | - Jeanne M. Donaldson
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership; Texas Tech University; Lubbock TX USA
- Department of Pediatrics; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Behavioral Psychology; Kennedy Krieger Institute; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Matthew K. McNabney
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
| | - SungWoo Kahng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore MD USA
- Department of Health Psychology, Thompson Center for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders; University of Missouri; Columbia MO USA
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Lanovaz MJ, Sladeczek IE. Vocal Stereotypy in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Behav Modif 2011; 36:146-64. [DOI: 10.1177/0145445511427192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vocal stereotypy is a common problem behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorders that may interfere considerably with learning and social inclusion. To assist clinicians in treating the behavior and to guide researchers in identifying gaps in the research literature, the authors provide an overview of research on vocal stereotypy in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Specifically, the authors review the research literature on behavioral interventions to reduce engagement in vocal stereotypy with an emphasis on the applicability of the procedures in the natural environment and discuss the clinical implications and limitations of research conducted to date. Researchers have shown that several antecedent-based and consequence-based interventions may be effective at reducing vocal stereotypy. However, the review suggests that more research is needed to assist clinicians in initially selecting interventions most likely to produce desirable changes in vocal stereotypy and collateral behavior in specific circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J. Lanovaz
- Centre de réadaptation de l’Ouest de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Travis R, Sturmey P. Functional analysis and treatment of the delusional statements of a man with multiple disabilities: a four-year follow-up. J Appl Behav Anal 2011; 43:745-9. [PMID: 21541160 DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although delusional statements in people with intellectual disabilities and traumatic brain injury can be treated using behavioral interventions, none have demonstrated long-term treatment effects. In the current study, a functional analysis demonstrated that delusional statements were maintained by attention. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior and extinction of delusional statements resulted in near elimination of delusional statements and an increase in nondelusional statements. Follow-up at 6 months, 1, 2, and 4 years indicated that treatment gains were maintained with continued staff training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Travis
- Queens College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA.
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Miranda E, Britto IAGDS. Aplicação dos princípios analítico-comportamentais para alterar o comportamento de uma esquizofrênica. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722011000300008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente estudo investigou o comportamento de uma esquizofrênica crônica via princípios da análise do comportamento. A participante era do sexo feminino, 57 anos, solteira e com histórico de várias internações desde os 18 anos de idade. As classes de comportamentos-problema que sofreram intervenção: contato olho a olho, isolar-se no pátio, participar dos eventos da instituição, etc. Para o controle dos procedimentos foi utilizado o delineamento de reversão do tipo ABAB, seguido de follow-up. O delineamento foi iniciado com a fase de linha de base I. Nas fases de intervenções I e II foram utilizados procedimentos de reforçamento positivo, modelagem e extinção. Os resultados demonstraram que os procedimentos da análise do comportamento foram efetivos para controlar os comportamentos-problema apresentados pela participante.
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Matson JL, Kozlowski AM, Worley JA, Shoemaker ME, Sipes M, Horovitz M. What is the evidence for environmental causes of challenging behaviors in persons with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders? RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011; 32:693-698. [PMID: 21144702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An extensive literature on the causes of challenging behaviors has been developed, primarily in the applied behavior analysis literature. One hundred and seventy-three empirical studies were reviewed where functional assessment serves as the primary method of identifying these causes. Most of the studies were able to identify a clear function or functions. Most commonly established causes were attention, the efforts to acquire tangibles, negative reinforcement in the form of escape from tasks or environments, and sensory stimulation, also described as an alone condition. Examples are provided regarding how these conditions are investigated across studies. Biological and cognitive causes have also been demonstrated. However, to date the empirical literature is limited with the bulk of studies being correlational. Considerably more research is needed, but some causes and methods to identify them are beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L Matson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Lerman DC, Tetreault A, Hovanetz A, Bellaci E, Miller J, Karp H, Mahmood A, Strobel M, Mullen S, Keyl A, Toupard A. Applying signal-detection theory to the study of observer accuracy and bias in behavioral assessment. J Appl Behav Anal 2010; 43:195-213. [PMID: 21119895 DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2010.43-195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the feasibility and utility of a laboratory model for examining observer accuracy within the framework of signal-detection theory (SDT). Sixty-one individuals collected data on aggression while viewing videotaped segments of simulated teacher-child interactions. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to determine if brief feedback and contingencies for scoring accurately would bias responding reliably. Experiment 2 focused on one variable (specificity of the operational definition) that we hypothesized might decrease the likelihood of bias. The effects of social consequences and information about expected behavior change were examined in Experiment 3. Results indicated that feedback and contingencies reliably biased responding and that the clarity of the definition only moderately affected this outcome.
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Britto IAGDS, Rodrigues IS, Alves SL, Quinta TLSS. Análise funcional de comportamentos verbais inapropriados de um esquizofrênico. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722010000100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente estudo registrou as verbalizações inapropriadas de um esquizofrênico adulto e do sexo masculino. Os comportamentos verbais inapropriados foram observados durante breves períodos de exposição a quatro condições: atenção, atenção não contingente, demanda e sozinho. Os resultados indicaram que as condições afetaram os comportamentos verbais inapropriados diferentemente. Esses resultados são discutidos em termos das suas implicações para as avaliações funcionais antes de intervenções psicológicas.
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Langthorne P, McGill P, O'Reilly M. Incorporating "motivation" into the functional analysis of challenging behavior: on the interactive and integrative potential of the motivating operation. Behav Modif 2007; 31:466-87. [PMID: 17548541 DOI: 10.1177/0145445506298424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity theory attempts to account for the variability often observed in challenging behavior by recourse to the "aberrant motivation" of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In this article, we suggest that a functional analysis based on environmental (challenging environments) and biological (challenging needs) motivating operations provides a more parsimonious and empirically grounded account of challenging behavior than that proposed by sensitivity theory. It is argued that the concept of the motivating operation provides a means of integrating diverse strands of research without the undue inference of mentalistic constructs. An integrated model of challenging behavior is proposed, one that remains compatible with the central tenets of functional analysis.
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Jackson J, Dixon MR. A mobile computing solution for collecting functional analysis data on a Pocket PC. J Appl Behav Anal 2007; 40:359-84. [PMID: 17624078 PMCID: PMC1885404 DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2007.46-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present paper provides a task analysis for creating a computerized data system using a Pocket PC and Microsoft Visual Basic. With Visual Basic software and any handheld device running the Windows Moble operating system, this task analysis will allow behavior analysts to program and customize their own functional analysis data-collection system. The program will allow the user to select the type of behavior to be recorded, choose between interval and frequency data collection, and summarize data for graphing and analysis. We also provide suggestions for customizing the data-collection system for idiosyncratic research and clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R Dixon
- Address correspondence to Mark R Dixon, Behavior Analysis and Therapy Program, Rehabilitation Institute, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, e-mail:
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Facon B, Beghin M, Rivière V. The reinforcing effect of contingent attention on verbal perseverations of two children with severe visual impairment. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2007; 38:23-8. [PMID: 16808895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Revised: 11/25/2005] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The frequency of verbal perseverations of two children with severe visual impairment was reduced using differential reinforcement of appropriate speech coupled with extinction of perseverative utterances. A reversal design in which baseline and intervention were alternated in an A-B-A-B sequence was employed to show the functional relationship between the target behaviors and the treatment procedure. There was a marked increase in appropriate utterances and a correlated decrease in perseverative ones. These findings suggest that this singular feature of the language of certain children with visual impairment is, under natural conditions, probably maintained by the attention provided by their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Facon
- Unité de Recherche sur l'Evolution des Comportements et des Apprentissages, Université Charles De Gaulle, Lille III, 35 rue Sainte Barbe, BP 70460, 59208 Tourcoing Cedex, France.
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Arntzen E, Tønnessen IR, Brouwer G. Reducing aberrant verbal behavior by building a repertoire of rational verbal behavior. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/bin.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lancaster BM, LeBlanc LA, Carr JE, Brenske S, Peet MM, Culver SJ. Functional analysis and treatment of the bizarre speech of dually diagnosed adults. J Appl Behav Anal 2005; 37:395-9. [PMID: 15529896 PMCID: PMC1284514 DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2004.37-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nine behavior-analytic studies, each reporting data for a single participant, have shown that bizarre speech can be maintained by social reinforcement. In the current study, we controlled for a possible referral bias in this literature by including nonreferred participants with dual diagnoses. Functional analyses identified attention functions for 2 participants and nonsocial functions for the others. Noncontingent reinforcement decreased the bizarre speech of both participants who displayed attention-maintained bizarre speech.
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Rehfeldt RA, Chambers MR. Functional analysis and treatment of verbal perseverations displayed by an adult with autism. J Appl Behav Anal 2003; 36:259-61. [PMID: 12858991 PMCID: PMC1284439 DOI: 10.1901/jaba.2003.36-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The function of perseverative speech for an adult man who had been diagnosed with autism and mental retardation was examined. Results showed that verbal perseverations were maintained by social attention. An intervention consisting of differential reinforcement of appropriate verbal responses and extinction of perseverative verbal responding was effective in decreasing verbal perseverations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Anne Rehfeldt
- Rehabilitation Institute, Rehabilitation Services Program, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale 62901-4609, USA.
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