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Yamaguchi M, Fukasawa S. Is Inflammation a Friend or Foe for Orthodontic Treatment?: Inflammation in Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption and Accelerating Tooth Movement. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2388. [PMID: 33673606 PMCID: PMC7957544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the role of inflammation in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (AOTM) in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is stimulated by remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. These remodeling activities and tooth displacement are involved in the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the periodontium, in response to orthodontic forces. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), interleukins (Ils; IL-1, -6, -17), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α superfamily, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) are increased in the PDL during OTM. OIIRR is one of the accidental symptoms, and inflammatory mediators have been detected in resorbed roots, PDL, and alveolar bone exposed to heavy orthodontic force. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators are involved with the occurrence of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. On the contrary, regional accelerating phenomenon (RAP) occurs after fractures and surgery such as osteotomies or bone grafting, and bone healing is accelerated by increasing osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently, tooth movement after surgical procedures such as corticotomy, corticision, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation might be accelerated by RAP, which increases the bone metabolism. Therefore, inflammation may be involved in accelerated OTM (AOTM). The knowledge of inflammation during orthodontic treatment could be used in preventing OIIRR and AOTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Yamaguchi
- Ginza Orthodontic Clinic, Ginza Granvia 6F, 3-3-14 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan;
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Al-Sahaf S, Hunter KD, Bolt R, Ottewell PD, Murdoch C. The IL-1/IL-1R axis induces greater fibroblast-derived chemokine release in human papillomavirus-negative compared to positive oropharyngeal cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:334-344. [PMID: 30191960 PMCID: PMC6491969 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognised as a major aetiological agent in the pathogenesis of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC). HPV-positive tumours are associated with better outcomes compared to HPV-negative tumours, possibly due to differences in their aetiology and/or the tumour microenvironment. Increased numbers of tumour-associated leukocytes have been observed in many cancers including OPC, with variable influence on prognosis depending on the leukocyte subpopulation investigated. Whether HPV status influences leukocyte recruitment to OPC remains unknown. This in-vitro study examined differences in the chemoattractant capacity of HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPC cell lines. Gene and protein expression analysis demonstrated that whilst both monocultures of HPV-positive and HPV-negative cell lines, along with normal tonsillar fibroblasts (NTF), expressed low chemokine levels, NTF cultured with conditioned medium from HPV-negative OPC cells expressed significantly higher levels of all chemokines tested compared to NTF incubated with the medium from HPV-positive OPC cell lines. HPV-negative OPC lines expressed IL-1β mRNA whereas HPV-positive cells did not, and NTF constitutively expressed IL-1R1. Pre-treatment with the IL-R antagonist, anakinra or siRNA to IL-1R1 significantly reduced chemokine secretion from NTF stimulated with conditioned medium from HPV-negative tumour cells or recombinant IL-1β (p < 0.05). These data suggest that secretion of chemokines is driven by the interaction between HPV-negative OPC cells and stromal fibroblasts through an IL-1/IL-1R-mediated mechanism that is less prominent within the HPV-positive tumour microenvironment. These observations may explain differences in leukocyte sub-populations recruited to HPV-positive versus negative OPC and indicate that HPV status is a key determinant in controlling the inflammatory tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Al-Sahaf
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Keith D Hunter
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Bolt
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Penelope D Ottewell
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Murdoch
- School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Minami T, Kuroishi T, Ozawa A, Shimauchi H, Endo Y, Sugawara S. Histamine Amplifies Immune Response of Gingival Fibroblasts. J Dent Res 2016; 86:1083-8. [DOI: 10.1177/154405910708601112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is an important mediator in immune responses, but it is unclear whether periodontal tissues express histamine receptors and are able to respond to histamine. We hypothesized that histamine, inflammatory cytokines, and bacterial components released in inflamed periodontal tissues may be synergistically involved in periodontitis. The present study showed that human gingival fibroblasts mainly express histamine receptor H1R, and responded to histamine to produce interleukin (IL)-8. Stimulation of gingival fibroblasts with tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1α, and lipopolysaccharide markedly induced IL-8 production, and the IL-8 production was synergistically augmented in the presence of or pre-treatment with histamine. Selective inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and phospholipase C (PLC) significantly inhibited the synergistic effect. These results indicate that histamine induces IL-8 production from gingival fibroblasts through H1R, and synergistically augments the inflammatory stimuli by amplification of the MAPK and NF-κB through H1R-linked PLC. Abbreviations used: HDC, histidine decarboxylase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; HR, histamine receptor; PLC, phospholipase C; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF, nuclear factor; ERK, extracellular signal-related kinase; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase; R, receptor; TLR, Toll-like receptor; α-MEM, alpha-minimum essential medium; FCS, fetal calf serum; RT-PCR, reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; SD, standard deviation; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Minami
- Division of Oral Immunology, and
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - T. Kuroishi
- Division of Oral Immunology, and
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - A. Ozawa
- Division of Oral Immunology, and
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - H. Shimauchi
- Division of Oral Immunology, and
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Y. Endo
- Division of Oral Immunology, and
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - S. Sugawara
- Division of Oral Immunology, and
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Kamei H, Ishihara Y, Fuma D, Niwa T, Kamiya Y, Yokoi T, Suzuki M, Izawa A, Mizutani H, Hayashi JI, Sakaki Y, Noguchi T, Kojima T. Interleukin-1 receptor gene variants are associated with aggressive periodontitis in the Japanese. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:756-63. [PMID: 24818754 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have indicated that type-1 and type-2 interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptors (IL-1R1 and IL-1R2) play important roles in periodontitis progression. We investigated the association between periodontitis and polymorphisms in the IL-1R1 and IL-1R2 genes (IL1R1 and IL1R2). DESIGN We searched for genetic variants in IL1R1 and IL1R2 in 24 Japanese patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and 24 periodontally healthy controls. Thirty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified within genomic regions containing all exons and relevant exon-intron boundaries in IL1R1 and IL1R2. Possible associations of each gene locus with AgP were investigated in 119 AgP patients and 102 periodontally healthy controls using allelotypes, genotypes, and haplotypes. RESULTS Significant differences were noted in the frequencies of 3 SNPs in IL1R2 (rs3819370, rs3218974 and rs3218977) for AgPs and controls (p=0.012, p=0.008, and p=0.038, respectively), after adjustment for gender and smoking status in the additive model (p=0.016, p=0.007, and p=0.027, respectively) and 2 haplotypes (p=0.010 and p=0.011, respectively) constructed from 2 SNPs (rs3819370 and rs3218974) that showed the lowest p-values after adjustment of covariates in additive models. CONCLUSION A genetic susceptibility locus for AgP may lie within or close to the IL1R2 locus. Further studies in other populations are necessary to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Kamei
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Comparative Systems Biology Team, Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishihara
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fuma
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Comparative Systems Biology Team, Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Niwa
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan; Comparative Systems Biology Team, Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kamiya
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takamasa Yokoi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mariyo Suzuki
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ario Izawa
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizutani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sakaki
- Comparative Systems Biology Team, Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Noguchi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshio Kojima
- Comparative Systems Biology Team, Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan; Health Support Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Japan.
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Schulz S, Stein JM, Altermann W, Klapproth J, Zimmermann U, Reichert Y, Gläser C, Schaller HG, Reichert S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in interleukin-1gene cluster and subgingival colonization with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with aggressive periodontitis. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:940-6. [PMID: 21672595 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is initiated by the subgingival occurrence of periodontopathogens. It is triggered by a specific host-dependent immune response that is influenced by genetic predisposition. Polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene cluster have been suggested to influence the pathogenesis of periodontitis. A total of 159 periodontitis patients (chronic disease: n = 73, aggressive disease: n = 86) and 89 periodontitis-free controls were included in the study. Polymorphisms IL-1α (rs1800587), IL-1β (rs16944, rs1143634), IL-1 receptor (rs2234650), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (rs315952) were determined by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP). Subgingival bacterial colonization was assessed using a polymerase chain reaction/DNA probe test (micro-Ident). Haplotype block structure was determined using Haploview 4.2. Statistical analyses were performed applying SPSS 17.0 considering dominant, recessive, and codominant genetic models. In this case-control study, no association between genomic variants of the IL-1 gene cluster and the incidence of severe periodontitis could be shown. Carriers of the rare genotypes of rs1800587 (p(corr) = 0.009), rs1143634 (p(corr) = 0.009) and composite genotype (rs1800587+rs1143634) (p(corr) = 0.031) had a twofold higher risk for subgingival occurrence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. In forward stepwise binary logistic regression analyses considering age, gender, smoking, and approximal plaque index as potential confounders these significant associations were demonstrated. Despite the genetic background of IL-1 gene cluster could be shown to be associated with subgingival colonization of A actinomycetemcomitans, there is no evidence that it is an independent risk indicator for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulz
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University School of Dental Medicine, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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Trebec-Reynolds DP, Voronov I, Heersche JNM, Manolson MF. IL-1alpha and IL-1beta have different effects on formation and activity of large osteoclasts. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:975-82. [PMID: 20108252 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine upregulated in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. Both isoforms, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, have been shown to activate osteoclasts (OCs), the cells responsible for resorbing bone. Inflammatory conditions are also characterized by increased bone loss and by the presence of large OCs (10+ nuclei). We and others have previously shown that large OCs are more likely to be resorbing compared to small OCs (2-5 nuclei). Moreover, large OCs express higher levels of the IL-1 activating receptor IL-1RI, integrins alphav and beta3, RANK, and TNFR1, while small OCs have higher levels of the decoy receptor IL-1RII. We hypothesized that IL-1 would have different effects on large and small OCs due to these distinct receptor expression patterns. To test this hypothesis, RAW 264.7 cells were differentiated into populations of small and large OCs and treated with IL-1alpha or IL-1beta (1 and 10 ng/ml). In the presence of sRANKL, both IL-1alpha and IL-1beta increased total OC number and resorptive activity of large OCs. IL-1alpha stimulated formation of large OCs and increased the number of resorption pits, while IL-1beta changed the morphology of large OCs and integrin-beta3 phosphorylation. No effects were seen in small OCs in response to either IL-1 isoform. These results demonstrate that IL-1 predominantly affects large OCs. The dissimilarity of responses to IL-1alpha and IL-1beta suggests that these isoforms activate different signaling pathways within the two OC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mark Bartold
- Colgate Australian Clinical Dental Resource Centre, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Ohe H, Takashiba S, Naruishi K, Chou HH, Yamada H, Nishimura F, Arai H, Murayama Y. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta)-induced shedding of TNF receptors from gingival fibroblasts. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2000; 20:1077-82. [PMID: 11152574 DOI: 10.1089/107999000750053744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) exerts its functions by binding two different receptors (TNFR55 and TNFR75). Both TNFR55 and TNFR75 exist in cell-associated and soluble forms. Soluble TNF receptors (sTNFR), sTNFR55 and sTNFR75, are proteolytically shed upon inflammatory stimuli and then modulate various TNF-alpha bioactivities. As human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) can be potential targets for TNF-alpha in inflamed gingiva, we hypothesized that HGF partially modulate the cellular responses to TNF-alpha by regulating their own TNFR. In this study, the kinetics of expression of cell-associated and soluble forms of both receptors from cultured HGF in response to proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were investigated in vitro. Both TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta upregulated the gene expression of TNFR75 and did not affect that of TNFR55. TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta decreased binding of [(125)I]TNF-alpha to HGF. Moreover, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta upregulated the release of sTNFR75 from HGF but not that of sTNFR55. These results suggest that HGF under inflammatory conditions may contribute to the inactivation of circulating TNF-alpha through the preferential induction and shedding of TNFR75.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohe
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan
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Stein SH, Borke JL, Cummings LA. Effects of chronic adult periodontitis and endotoxin (LPS) on gingival fibroblast plasma membrane Ca++-pump. Connect Tissue Res 2000; 40:59-66. [PMID: 10770651 DOI: 10.3109/03008209909005278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Gingival fibroblasts from patients with chronic adult periodontitis are known to produce cytokines in response to changing levels of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokine production is one of numerous cell processes that involve calcium dependent enzymes. It is possible that inflammation may induce changes in the amount of the Ca++-pump protein in gingival fibroblasts which could alter Ca++-dependent activities in these cells including the production and release of cytokines. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences exist in the amount of Ca++-pump protein in the gingival fibroblasts of periodontitis patients relative to control individuals without periodontal disease. Fibroblast explants from healthy tissue and from inflamed tissue from patients with chronic adult periodontitis, grown in culture, were analyzed for quantitative differences in the amount of Ca++-pump protein. Fibroblasts from chronic adult periodontitis patients exhibited significantly lower levels of Ca++-pump protein than fibroblasts from healthy subjects (p=0.0015). However, fibroblasts from chronic adult periodontitis patients, when activated with LPS, did not exhibit significant differences in the amounts of Ca++-pump protein as compared to untreated controls (p = 0.2177). Similarly, cells from healthy subjects did not show significant reduction in Ca++-pump protein following activation with LPS (p = 0.1732). Our results suggest that plasma membrane Ca++-pump is significantly reduced in fibroblasts derived from patients with chronic periodontitis. However, factors other than LPS may be involved in the down-regulation of Ca++-pump protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Stein
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA
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Jeng JH, Chan CP, Ho YS, Lan WH, Hsieh CC, Chang MC. Effects of Butyrate and Propionate on the Adhesion, Growth, Cell Cycle Kinetics, and Protein Synthesis of Cultured Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J Periodontol 1999; 70:1435-42. [PMID: 10632518 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1999.70.12.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various periodontal and root canal pathogens, such as the Bacteroides species, can produce significant amounts of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). The roles of SCFA in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease are still not fully understood. METHODS We therefore investigated 2 main SCFA, butyrate and propionate, on the functional behavior of cultured human gingival fibroblasts (GF) such as cell growth, protein synthesis, cell adhesion capacity, and cell cycle progression. RESULTS Butyrate and propionate inhibited the growth of healthy (HGF) and inflamed gingival fibroblasts (IGF) in a dose dependent manner. At concentrations of 4, 8, and 16 mM, butyrate suppressed the cell growth by 11 to 58%, 16 to 60%, and 50 to 71%, respectively. The response of cultured gingival fibroblasts to SCFA showed individual differences. Morphologically, GF became larger and more flattened in appearance following exposure to butyrate (>8 mM) and propionate (>24 mM) for 5 days. Inhibitory effects of butyrate (>2 mM) and propionate (>8 mM) on the growth of GF were due possibly to their inhibition of cell-cycle progression. At concentrations of 2 and 8 mM, butyrate led to G0/G1 arrest. Elevation of the exposure concentration to 8 to 24 mM further result in G2/M phase arrest of GF. On the other hand, propionate, at concentrations ranging from 4 to 24 mM, led to G0/G1 arrest. Butyrate (>2 mM) inhibited the proline-rich protein synthesis of GF. At concentrations of 4, 8, 16, and 24 mM, butyrate inhibited the protein synthesis of HGF-1 by 42%, 43%, 51%, and 54%, respectively. In all strains of cultured GF, the suppressive effect of propionate is less than that of butyrate. At concentration range of 4 to 24 mM, propionate suppressed the protein synthesis of HGF-1 by 23 to 43%. However, both butyrate and propionate (4 to 48 mM) exerted little effects on the adhesion of GF to type I collagen within 3 hours of incubation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that SCFA released by pathogenic microorganisms can contribute to the gingival tissue dysfunction and breakdown through their actions on specific biological functions of GF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Abiko Y, Shimizu N, Yamaguchi M, Suzuki H, Takiguchi H. Effect of aging on functional changes of periodontal tissue cells. ANNALS OF PERIODONTOLOGY 1998; 3:350-69. [PMID: 9722719 DOI: 10.1902/annals.1998.3.1.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although the severity of periodontal disease is known to be affected by age, functional changes of periodontal tissue cells during the aging process are not well characterized. It is important to define how cellular aging affects the progression of periodontal diseases associated with the aging process. In vitro aging of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPLF) cells was prepared by sequential subcultivations (5 to 6 passages as young, 18 to 20 passages as old). GFs were also prepared from gingiva of Down's syndrome patients and 60-week-old rats. Fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts were prepared by sequential digestion with collagenase. HGF and HPLF cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cyclic tension force, respectively. Amounts of PGE2, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and plasminogen activator (PA) in conditioned media were measured. Total RNA was extracted, and mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). LPS-stimulated PGE2, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and PA production was increased in "old" HGF compared to younger cells. According to RT-PCR analysis, gene expression of COX-2, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and tissue type (t) PA was higher in old cells than in young cells. Cyclic tension force to HPLF also stimulated phenotypic and gene expression of IL-1 beta, PGE2 (COX-2 gene) and tPA. These findings suggest that aging in both HGF and HPLF may be an important factor in the severity of periodontal disease through higher production of inflammatory mediators in response to both LPS and mechanical stress. In addition, oxygen radical-treated fibronectin (FN) as substratum diminished bone nodule formation by osteoblasts when compared with intact FN. This finding suggests that FN plays an important role in Osteoblast activity and that FN damaged by oxygen radicals during the aging process may be related to less bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Abiko
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
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