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Tayman MA, Önder C, Kurgan Ş, Serdar MA, Günhan M. Endocan (ESM-1) levels in gingival crevicular fluid correlate with ICAM-1 and LFA-1 in periodontitis. Braz Oral Res 2021; 35:e005. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
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2
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Yılmaz Şaştım Ç, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Kasurinen A, Norvio S, Gürsoy UK, Doğan B. Salivary and serum markers of angiogenesis in periodontitis in relation to smoking. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1117-1126. [PMID: 32643086 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis is essential in maintenance of periodontal homeostasis, and it is regulated by growth factors and cytokines, including basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF), endoglin, platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1). In this study, the salivary and serum concentrations of these angiogenesis-related proteins in relation to smoking and periodontitis were examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Full-mouth periodontal status together with unstimulated whole saliva and serum samples was collected from 78 individuals, including 40 periodontitis patients (20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers) and 38 periodontally healthy controls (20 smokers and 18 nonsmokers). The Luminex®-xMAP™ technique was used for protein analyses. RESULTS Concentrations of all tested proteins in saliva as well as VEGF in serum were significantly higher in periodontitis patients than in healthy controls. In smokers, serum concentrations of endoglin (p = 0.017) and sICAM-1 (p = 0.001) were elevated in comparison to nonsmokers. After adjusting for smoking and gender, periodontitis associated significantly with salivary concentrations of b-FGF, PECAM-1, VEGF, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Taken together, salivary concentrations of b-FGF, PECAM-1, and VEGF associate with periodontitis. The suppressive effect of smoking on salivary marker levels is limited to periodontitis patients only. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Smoking-related suppression of salivary marker levels is observed only in periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Yılmaz Şaştım
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Marmara, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Akseli Kasurinen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Norvio
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Başak Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Marmara, 34854 Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Martins E, César-Neto J, Albuquerque-Souza E, Rebeis E, Holzhausen M, Pannuti C, Mayer M, Saraiva L. One-year follow-up of the immune profile in serum and selected sites of generalized and localized aggressive periodontitis. Cytokine 2019; 116:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Turgut Çankaya Z, Bodur A, Taçoy G, Ergüder I, Aktuna D, Çengel A. The effect of periodontal therapy on neopterin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 levels in chronic periodontitis patients with and without acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20170199. [PMID: 29641752 PMCID: PMC5912400 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of neopterin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a marker for local and acute immune activation, and the presence of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in GCF is accepted as a marker for chronic vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayşen Bodur
- Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülten Taçoy
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Imge Ergüder
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Aktuna
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atiye Çengel
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
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Thanakun S, Izumi Y. Effect of Periodontitis on Adiponectin, C-Reactive Protein, and Immunoglobulin G Against Porphyromonas gingivalis in Thai People With Overweight or Obese Status. J Periodontol 2016; 87:566-76. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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D'Aiuto F, Orlandi M, Gunsolley JC. Evidence that periodontal treatment improves biomarkers and CVD outcomes. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 40 Suppl 14:S85-105. [PMID: 23627337 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this review was to critically appraise the evidence on the impact of periodontal treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) biomarkers and outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was performed in Cinhal, Cochrane, Embase and Medline for relevant articles up to July 2012. Duplicate screening and reference hand searching were performed. Data were then summarized and evidence graded in tables. RESULTS The search resulted in: (a) no evidence on the effects of periodontal therapy on subclinical atherosclerosis, serum levels of CD40 ligand, serum amyloid A and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, (b) limited evidence on the effects of periodontal therapy on arterial blood pressure, leucocyte counts, fibrinogen, tissue necrosis factor-α, sE-selectin, von Willebrand factors, d-dimers, matrix metalloproteinases, oxidative stress and CVD events, and (c) moderate evidence suggesting a negligible effect of periodontal therapy in reducing interleukin-6 and lipids levels, whilst a positive effect in reducing serum C-reactive protein levels and improving endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal therapy triggers a short-term inflammatory response followed by (a) a progressive and consistent reduction of systemic inflammation and (b) an improvement in endothelial function. There is however limited evidence that these acute and chronic changes will either increase or reduce CVD burden of individuals suffering from periodontitis in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
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7
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D'Aiuto F, Orlandi M, Gunsolley JC. Evidence that periodontal treatment improves biomarkers and CVD outcomes. J Periodontol 2016; 84:S85-S105. [PMID: 23631587 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.134007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this review was to critically appraise the evidence on the impact of periodontal treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) biomarkers and outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was performed in Cinhal, Cochrane, Embase and Medline for relevant articles up to July 2012. Duplicate screening and reference hand searching were performed. Data were then summarized and evidence graded in tables. RESULTS The search resulted in: (a) no evidence on the effects of periodontal therapy on subclinical atherosclerosis, serum levels of CD40 ligand, serum amyloid A and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, (b) limited evidence on the effects of periodontal therapy on arterial blood pressure, leucocyte counts, fibrinogen, tissue necrosis factor-a, sE-selectin, von Willebrand factors, d-dimers, matrix metalloproteinases, oxidative stress and CVD events, and (c) moderate evidence suggesting a negligible effect of periodontal therapy in reducing interleukin-6 and lipids levels, whilst a positive effect in reducing serum C-reactive protein levels and improving endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal therapy triggers a short-term inflammatory response followed by (a) a progressive and consistent reduction of systemic inflammation and (b) an improvement in endothelial function. There is however limited evidence that these acute and chronic changes will either increase or reduce CVD burden of individuals suffering from periodontitis in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, UK.
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8
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Lee YL, Hu HY, Yang NP, Chou P, Chu D. Dental prophylaxis decreases the risk of esophageal cancer in males; a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109444. [PMID: 25279666 PMCID: PMC4184879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. Esophageal cancer (EC) is also a common cause of death due to cancer among males. Systemic inflammatory processes have been shown to increase the risk of cancer. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the association between PD and EC. METHODS A total of 718,409 subjects were recruited from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and followed from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2010. Of these, 519,831 subjects were diagnosed with PD and were grouped according to the most advanced treatment they received: dental prophylaxis, intensive treatment, or no treatment. The IRs of EC were compared among groups. RESULTS A total of 682 patients developed EC, resulting in an overall IR of 0.11 case-number per 1000 person-years (‰/y). The dental prophylaxis group had a significantly lower IR of EC (0.06‰/y) than other groups (p<0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis further revealed that male subjects [hazard ratio (HR) = 10.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.58-13.30], as well as a history of esophageal ulcers (HR = 7.10, 95% CI = 5.03-10.01), alcohol abuse (HR = 5.46, 95% CI = 2.26-13.18), or esophageal reflux (HR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.02-3.52), were factors associated with a higher risk of EC. And the dental prophylaxis group showed a significantly lower risk for EC (HR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.44-0.65). Further subgroup analysis showed that the dental prophylaxis group among males had a significant lower risk (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.44-0.66) for EC, while that of the females did not has statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION For this cohort, subjects received dental prophylaxis reduced the risk of EC compared to all PD and no PD groups among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Hu
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Ping Yang
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Keelung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pesus Chou
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dachen Chu
- Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gurav AN. The implication of periodontitis in vascular endothelial dysfunction. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:1000-9. [PMID: 25104241 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is the most common oral infection seen in humans worldwide. It is characterized by gradual destruction of tooth supporting tissues, eventually leading to loss of tooth. The periodontal biofilm associated with periodontitis comprises of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, instrumental for the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Evidence-based literature has identified the nature of periodontal infection as a possible causative condition in the inducement of 'low-grade systemic inflammation and infection'. The periodontal pathogens exert systemic effects via the haematogenous route. AIM The present review provides an insight into the pathophysiology of the endothelial dysfunction with reference to periodontal infection and highlights the association between periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction. Various studies addressing the implication of periodontitis on endothelial dysfunction will be described, with a focus of periodontal treatment on improvement of endothelial function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies examining the effects of periodontitis on vascular endothelial function were segregated. Studies conducted on both animal and human models were identified using MEDLINE database search with key search terms such as 'Periodontitis', 'vascular endothelium', 'endothelial dysfunction', 'periodontal bacteria' and 'periodontal therapy'. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis were also screened. Only studies published in English language were considered. The review has been prepared by screening MEDLINE database from 1989 to 2012. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Chronic periodontitis results in altered vascular response, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules inducing vascular endothelial dysfunction. Periodontal therapy may ameliorate the perturbed vascular endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit N Gurav
- Department of Periodontics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College & Research Centre, Kolhapur, India
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10
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Liu J, Duan J, Wang Y, Ouyang X. Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 is regulated by porphyromonas gingivalis through nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 molecules in periodontal fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2013; 85:358-68. [PMID: 23688098 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which Porphyromonas gingivalis regulates intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD) 1 and NOD2 are involved in this process and the clinical significance of ICAM-1 in periodontitis. METHODS hPDLCs and hGFs were treated with P. gingivalis, l-Ala-γ-d-glutamyl-mesodiaminopimelic acid (an agonist for NOD1), and muramyl dipeptide (an agonist for NOD2). Alternatively, cells transfected with small interfering RNA targeting NOD1and NOD2 were treated with P. gingivalis. ICAM-1, NOD1, and NOD2 were detected at mRNA and protein levels. In addition, clinical examinations were performed in 30 healthy controls and 40 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) before and after treatment, and serum-soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) levels in these individuals were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS This study shows that P. gingivalis caused an increase in ICAM-1, NOD1, and NOD2 expression in periodontal fibroblasts. There was a linear correlation between ICAM-1 and NOD1 and NOD2 levels. Activation of NOD1 and NOD2 by the specific agonist led to the upregulation of ICAM-1, whereas knocking down NOD1 and NOD2 caused a reduction in P. gingivalis-induced ICAM-1 production. Furthermore, sICAM-1 levels were higher in patients with CP than in healthy controls and were positively related to the clinical periodontal parameters. After periodontal treatment, sICAM-1 levels decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that sICAM-1 levels are correlated to the severity of periodontitis. NOD1 and NOD2 mediate P. gingivalis-induced ICAM-1 production in periodontal fibroblasts. NOD1 and NOD2 could be considered potential targets for periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianru Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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11
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Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ. Periodontal disease and systemic illness: will the evidence ever be enough? Periodontol 2000 2013; 62:271-86. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Schenkein HA, Sabatini R, Koertge TE, Brooks CN, Purkall DB. Anti-cardiolipin from periodontitis patients induces MCP-1 production by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:212-7. [PMID: 23281818 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Periodontal diseases are associated with a variety of systemic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke, and patients with periodontitis demonstrate elevated levels of anti-cardiolipin antibodies. We sought to determine if anti-cardiolipin antibodies from periodontitis patients induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production by human vascular endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS IgG was purified from sera from 53 subjects, including chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients and periodontally healthy controls, with elevated or normal IgG anti-cardiolipin levels. In addition, anti-cardiolipin antibodies were specifically removed from some sera by immunoabsorption. RESULTS We found that, irrespective of diagnostic category, IgG from subjects with elevated anti-cardiolipin induced significantly greater monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production by human vascular endothelial cells than IgG from those subjects with normal anti-cardiolipin titres. Removal of anti-cardiolipin from IgG preparations from periodontitis patients significantly reduced their ability to induce monocyte chemotactic protein-1. CONCLUSIONS Since elevated titres of anti-cardiolipin are found in a significantly greater proportion of patients with periodontitis than in periodontally healthy individuals, and these antibodies activate endothelial cells to produce monocyte chemotactic protein-1, they may explain some of the associations noted between periodontal infections and systemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey A Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA.
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Tsioufis C, Kasiakogias A, Thomopoulos C, Stefanadis C. Periodontitis and blood pressure: the concept of dental hypertension. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:1-9. [PMID: 21640351 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is a common inflammatory disorder that is being contemplated as a risk factor for atherosclerotic complications. Current epidemiological evidence also supports its potential association with increases in blood pressure levels and hypertension prevalence. Furthermore, data from cross-sectional studies suggest that in hypertensive subjects periodontitis may enhance the risk and degree of target organ damage. A possible pathogenetic background of an effect of periodontitis on blood pressure should include the systemic generalization of the local oral inflammation, the role of the host immune response, the direct microbial effect on the vascular system and alterations in endothelial function. Inversely, the concept of hypertension unfavorably affecting periodontal tissues cannot be excluded. The two conditions share multiple common risk factors that should be readily controlled for when assessing a possible association. Thoroughly designed prospective and interventional trials are needed in order to determine the impact of periodontitis on blood pressure regulation and incident hypertension and its integration in the clinical approach of both dental and hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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Ying Ouyang X, Mei Xiao W, Chu Y, Ying Zhou S. Influence of periodontal intervention therapy on risk of cardiovascular disease. Periodontol 2000 2011; 56:227-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Tuomainen AM, Hyvärinen K, Ehlers PI, Mervaala E, Leinonen M, Saikku P, Kovanen PT, Jauhiainen M, Pussinen PJ. The effect of proatherogenic microbes on macrophage cholesterol homeostasis in apoE-deficient mice. Microb Pathog 2011; 51:217-24. [PMID: 21421042 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogens such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) associate with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases by inducing inflammation. We hypothesized that the pathogens affect the vascular wall by disturbing cholesterol homeostasis and endothelial function. METHODS Aa- and Cpn-infections were induced in apoE-deficient mice by intravenous and intranasal applications, respectively. Cholesterol efflux from mouse peritoneal macrophages to apo(lipoprotein)A-I was assessed. The efflux capacity of mouse sera as acceptors of cholesterol from RAW264.7-macrophages was determined. Additionally, endothelial function was studied by following the relaxation capacity of rat mesenteric arteries after incubation in the conditioned culture media of the peritoneal macrophages isolated from the mice. RESULTS Infection increased serum phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity, as well as serum amyloid A (SAA) and TNF-α concentrations. Peritoneal macrophages of mice with Aa-infection showed increased cholesterol uptake and reduced cholesterol efflux. Sera of Cpn and Cpn + Aa-infected mice had reduced cholesterol efflux capacity from RAW264.7-macrophages. Conditioned macrophage medium from mice with chronic C. pneumoniae infection induced endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, concentrations of serum adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) in Cpn-groups and E-selectin in Cpn + Aa-group, were elevated. The serum markers of endothelial function correlated positively with SAA. CONCLUSIONS Aa- and Cpn-infections may generate proatherogenic changes in the vascular wall by affecting the macrophage cholesterol homeostasis and endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Tuomainen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Taylor B, Tofler G, Morel-Kopp MC, Carey H, Carter T, Elliott M, Dailey C, Villata L, Ward C, Woodward M, Schenck K. The effect of initial treatment of periodontitis on systemic markers of inflammation and cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118:350-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2010.00748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Griffiths R, Barbour S. Lipoproteins and lipoprotein metabolism in periodontal disease. CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY 2010; 5:397-411. [PMID: 20835400 PMCID: PMC2933935 DOI: 10.2217/clp.10.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that the incidence of atherosclerosis is increased in subjects with periodontitis - a chronic infection of the oral cavity. This article summarizes the evidence that suggests periodontitis shifts the lipoprotein profile to be more proatherogenic. LDL-C is elevated in periodontitis and most studies indicate that triglyceride levels are also increased. By contrast, antiatherogenic HDL tends to be low in periodontitis. Periodontal therapy tends to shift lipoprotein levels to a healthier profile and also reduces subclinical indices of atherosclerosis. In summary, periodontal disease alters lipoprotein metabolism in ways that could promote atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Griffiths
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980614, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA
| | - Suzanne Barbour
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980614, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, USA
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Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Quiles JL, Battino M, Granados S, Morillo JM, Bompadre S, Newman HN, Bullon P. Periodontitis is associated with altered plasma fatty acids and cardiovascular risk markers. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:133-139. [PMID: 19500957 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In periodontitis it has been found that some perturbation exists in lipid biomarkers, such as increased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Nevertheless, the relationship between fatty acids and periodontitis has been demonstrated only in a few studies and remains controversial. The aim of this investigation was to explore the effects of periodontitis on a cluster of traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma-lipids profile, types of plasma fatty acids, adhesion molecules and systemic inflammatory markers. METHODS AND RESULTS At a university dental school, 56 patients all over 35 years old were enrolled and invited to participate in the study. Total plasma fatty acids, saturated, n-6 polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, peroxidability index, soluble VCAM, TNF-alpha, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and VLDL-c were significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the non-periodontitis group. CONCLUSIONS This close association found between plasma triacylglycerols, LDL-c, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total amount of fatty acids and coenzyme Q(10) with some periodontal data such as periodontal probing depth, recession of the gingival margin and clinical attachment level (Pearson correlation between 0.3 and 0.6), leads to the conclusion that there is an inter-relationship between periodontitis, plasma fatty acids profile and the increase in metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Ramirez-Tortosa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Liu K, Meng H, Lu R, Xu L, Zhang L, Chen Z, Shi D, Feng X, Tang X. Initial Periodontal Therapy Reduced Systemic and Local 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3and Interleukin-1β in Patients With Aggressive Periodontitis. J Periodontol 2010; 81:260-6. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.090355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Periodontal disease and risk of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Odontology 2009; 97:84-91. [PMID: 19639450 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-009-0104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an important component of coronary heart disease (CHD), which is the leading cause of death worldwide, including in Japan. Because atherosclerotic processes are typified by chronic inflammatory responses, which are similar to those elicited by chronic infection, the role of infection in promoting or accelerating atherosclerosis has received considerable focus. Increasing evidence supports the notion that periodontitis is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis through dysfunction of endothelial cells induced by either periodontopathic bacteria or their products, or inflammatory mediators derived from infected periodontal tissue. Here we review whether periodontitis represents a risk factor for CHD or atherosclerosis, particularly in a Japanese population.
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Behle JH, Sedaghatfar MH, Demmer RT, Wolf DL, Celenti R, Kebschull M, Belusko PB, Herrera-Abreu M, Lalla E, Papapanou PN. Heterogeneity of systemic inflammatory responses to periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:287-94. [PMID: 19426174 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the effect of comprehensive periodontal therapy on the levels of multiple systemic inflammatory biomarkers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty patients with severe periodontitis received comprehensive periodontal therapy within a 6-week period. Blood samples were obtained at: 1-week pre-therapy (T1), therapy initiation (T2), treatment completion (T3), and 4 weeks thereafter (T4). We assessed the plasma concentrations of 19 biomarkers using multiplex assays, and serum IgG antibodies to periodontal bacteria using checkerboard immunoblotting. At T2 and T4, dental plaque samples were analysed using checkerboard hybridizations. RESULTS At T3, PAI-1, sE-selectin, sVCAM-1, MMP-9, myeloperoxidase, and a composite summary inflammatory score (SIS) were significantly reduced. However, only sE-selectin, sICAM, and serum amyloid P sustained a reduction at T4. Responses were highly variable: analyses of SIS slopes between baseline and T4 showed that approximately 1/3 and 1/4 of the patients experienced a marked reduction and a pronounced increase in systemic inflammation, respectively, while the remainder were seemingly unchanged. Changes in inflammatory markers correlated poorly with clinical, microbiological and serological markers of periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal therapy resulted in an overall reduction of systemic inflammation, but the responses were inconsistent across subjects and largely not sustainable. The determinants of this substantial heterogeneity need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Behle
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral and Diagnostic Sciences, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Michaud DS, Liu Y, Meyer M, Giovannucci E, Joshipura K. Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and cancer risk in male health professionals: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2008; 9:550-8. [PMID: 18462995 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(08)70106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that tooth loss and periodontal disease might increase the risk of developing various cancers; however, smoking might have confounded the reported associations. We aimed to assess whether periodontal disease or tooth loss is associated with cancer risk. METHODS The analysis was done in a prospective study (the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study [HPFS]), which was initiated in 1986 when US male health professionals aged 40-75 years responded to questionnaires posted by the Department of Nutrition, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. In addition to the baseline questionnaires, follow-up questionnaires were posted to all living participants every 2 years and dietary questionnaires every 4 years. At baseline, participants were asked whether they had a history of periodontal disease with bone loss. Participants also reported number of natural teeth at baseline and any tooth loss during the previous 2 years was reported on the follow-up questionnaires. Smoking status and history of smoking were obtained at baseline and in all subsequent questionnaires. Additionally at baseline, participants reported their mean frequency of food intake over the previous year on a 131-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Participants reported any new cancer diagnosis on the follow-up questionnaires. Endpoints for this study were risk of total cancer and individual cancers with more than 100 cases. Multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated by use of Cox proportional hazard models according to periodontal disease status and number of teeth at baseline. FINDINGS In the main analyses, 48 375 men with median follow-up of 17.7 years (1986 to Jan 31, 2004) were eligible after excluding participants diagnosed with cancer before 1986 (other than non-melanoma skin cancer, n=2076) and those with missing data on periodontal disease (n=1078). 5720 incident cancer cases were documented (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer and non-aggressive prostate cancer). The five most common cancers were colorectal (n=1043), melanoma of the skin (n=698), lung (n=678), bladder (n=543), and advanced prostate (n=541). After adjusting for known risk factors, including detailed smoking history and dietary factors, participants with a history of periodontal disease had an increased risk of total cancer (HR 1.14 [95% CI 1.07-1.22]) compared with those with no history of periodontal disease. By cancer site, significant associations for those with a history of periodontal disease were noted for lung (1.36 [1.15-1.60]), kidney (1.49 [1.12-1.97]), pancreas (1.54 [1.16-2.04]; findings previously published), and haematological cancers (1.30 [1.11-1.53]). Fewer teeth at baseline (0-16) was associated with an increase in risk of lung cancer (1.70 [1.37-2.11]) for those with 0-16 teeth versus those with 25-32 teeth. In never-smokers, periodontal disease was associated with significant increases in total (1.21 [1.06-1.39]) and haematological cancers (1.35 [1.01-1.81]). By contrast, no association was noted for lung cancer (0.96 [0.46-1.98]). INTERPRETATION Periodontal disease was associated with a small, but significant, increase in overall cancer risk, which persisted in never-smokers. The associations recorded for lung cancer are probably because of residual confounding by smoking. The increased risks noted for haematological, kidney, and pancreatic cancers need confirmation, but suggest that periodontal disease might be a marker of a susceptible immune system or might directly affect cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique S Michaud
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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