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Palza Cordero H, Castro Cid R, Diaz Dosque M, Cabello Ibacache R, Palma Fluxá P. Li-doped bioglass® 45S5 for potential treatment of prevalent oral diseases. J Dent 2020; 105:103575. [PMID: 33385532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the excellent properties of both pure bioglasses (BG) and BG doped with therapeutic ions (such as Li) in hard tissue applications, there is not enough information about their role in the remineralization and bacterial-growth in oral diseases. The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the effect of both pure BG and BG doped with 5-wt% of Li (BGLi) on both the remineralization of in vitro demineralized human-teeth and the antimicrobial behavior against strains from caries and periodontitis. METHODS Bioglass® 45S5 (BG) and BGLi were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The remineralization tests were carried out using in vitro demineralized enamel teeth and evaluated by Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vickers micro-hardness (HV). The antimicrobial behavior of the particles was evaluated against S. mutans, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. gingivalis, representing pathogens from caries and periodontitis. RESULTS Enamel lesion was partially remineralized when both bioglasses (BG and BGLi) were applied on its surface with micro-hardness recoveries around 45 %. They further inhibited the growth of S. mutans and P. gingivalis, at 50 and 200 mg/mL, respectively. BGLi presented a higher toxicity against A. actinomycetemcomitans than BG, with inhibition concentrations of 20 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bioglasses could be used in the treatment of two of the most prevalent oral diseases: caries and periodontitis, promoting the remineralization of the teeth and killing the main pathogens. The presence of Li did not affect the bioactivity of the bioglass and improved the antibacterial effect over A. actinomycetemcomitans strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Palza Cordero
- Chemical Engineering, Biotechnological and Materials Department, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - René Castro Cid
- Chemical Engineering, Biotechnological and Materials Department, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Bhattacharjee MK, Mehta BS, Akukwe B. Maillard reaction products inhibit the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by chelating iron. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:104989. [PMID: 33249361 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the mechanism of growth inhibition of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by Maillard reaction products (MRP). DESIGN Growth and cell viabilities in the presence or absence of MRP were measured for both the rough and smooth variants of the bacteria. Effects of addition of ferrous and ferric ions on the inhibition of the bacteria by MRP were determined. RESULTS MRPs decreased the extent of complex formation of Chrome Azurol S with iron suggesting that MRPs can chelate iron effectively. The chelation causes growth inhibition of both the rough and smooth strains. At low concentrations of the inhibitor, lag time was extended by approximately 12 h while at high concentrations, cells were killed, decreasing cell viability by up to 8 orders of magnitude. Growth of both the rough and smooth strains could be restored to original level by addition of iron. For the rough strain, both ferrous and ferric ions could relieve the inhibition by MRP while for the smooth strain only ferrous ion was effective. CONCLUSION MRPs inhibit the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans by chelating iron and the inhibition can be relieved by addition of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binal S Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Bernadine Akukwe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Antibacterial Effect of Cupral ® on Oral Biofilms - An In-Vitro Study. Eur Endod J 2020; 5:40-45. [PMID: 32342037 PMCID: PMC7183803 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2019.83997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Cupral®, a Ca(OH)2 and Cu2+ based materials used in endodontics, against biofilms of the oral species Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus gordonii and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans at different maturation stages. Methods: Biofilms of the bacterial target species were grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium for 1 and 5 days on titanium disks (titanium, grade 4) to collect microbial communities at different stages of biofilm maturation. Biofilms were subjected to different Cupral® concentrations (4-, 15- and 50-fold dilution) to assess the antimicrobial- and biofilm dissolving effect. 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) solution was used as a positive control. Biovolume and antibacterial efficacy were analyzed by live/dead staining in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to quantify biofilm detachment and antibacterial efficacy. Results: All tested Cupral® concentration showed a strong antibacterial effect on tested bacterial species at all biofilm maturation stages. Efficacy of biofilms detachment was concentration dependent, i.e. higher Cupral® concentrations generally led to increased biofilm detachment. The antibacterial efficacy of tested Cupral® concentration was at least equal to CHX treatment (P=0.03). Conclusion: Cupral® shows a strong anti-biofilm efficacy and may be applied for oral biofilm treatment and control in dental disciplines other than endodontics.
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Increased Viability of Sugar Transport-Deficient Mutant of the Periodontal Pathogen, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:1460-1467. [PMID: 30066154 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal pathogen, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is extremely sensitive to even a mildly acidic pH resulting from metabolic acids secreted during growth, losing viability rapidly as the pH goes below 6.0. Cells grown at high glucose concentration grow fast but rapidly lose viability. However, if the cells are grown at low glucose concentration, the pH of the growth medium first decreases slowly for about 24 h and then starts to increase. This increase of pH is indicative of cell death since the spontaneous rise of pH due to the presence of bicarbonate can no longer be opposed by secreted metabolic acids. By monitoring these pH changes on a petri dish, a method was developed to screen for sugar transport-deficient mutants from a library of transposon insertion mutants. Isolation of a mannose phosphotransferase mutant strain is described. The mutant cells were found to be more viable and for a longer period of time than wild-type cells both in high and low glucose concentrations due to slower metabolism and less acid secreted. This observation highlights the concern that spontaneous mutations in the sugar transport genes may be selected for in patients due to increased viability of the mutant cells especially in a biofilm.
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Schneider B, Weigel W, Sztukowska M, Demuth DR. Identification and functional characterization of type II toxin/antitoxin systems in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:224-233. [PMID: 29319934 PMCID: PMC5969271 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Type II toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems contribute to the formation of persister cells and biofilm formation for many organisms. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans thrives in the complex oral microbial community subjected to continual environmental flux. Little is known regarding the presence and function of type II TA systems in this organism or their contribution to adaptation and persistence in the biofilm. We identified 11 TA systems that are conserved across all seven serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans and represent the RelBE, MazEF and HipAB families of type II TA systems. The systems selectively responded to various environmental conditions that exist in the oral cavity. Two putative RelBE‐like TA systems, D11S_1194‐1195 and D11S_1718‐1719 were induced in response to low pH and deletion of D11S_1718‐1719 significantly reduced metabolic activity of stationary phase A. actinomycetemcomitans cells upon prolonged exposure to acidic conditions. The deletion mutant also exhibited reduced biofilm biomass when cultured under acidic conditions. The D11S_1194 and D11S_1718 toxin proteins inhibited in vitro translation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and degraded ribosome‐associated, but not free, MS2 virus RNA. In contrast, the corresponding antitoxins (D11S_1195 and D11S_1719), or equimolar mixtures of toxin and antitoxin, had no effect on DHFR production or RNA degradation. Together, these results suggest that D11S_1194‐1195 and D11S_1718‐1719 are RelBE‐like type II TA systems that are activated under acidic conditions and may function to cleave ribosome‐associated mRNA to inhibit translation in A. actinomycetemcomitans. In vivo, these systems may facilitate A. actinomycetemcomitans adaptation and persistence in acidic local environments in the dental biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schneider
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - W Weigel
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - M Sztukowska
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - D R Demuth
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
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Hiltunen AK, Skogman ME, Rosenqvist K, Juvonen H, Ihalainen P, Peltonen J, Juppo A, Fallarero A. Bioactive glass combined with bisphosphonates provides protection against biofilms formed by the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Int J Pharm 2016; 501:211-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hernández-Vigueras S, Martínez-Garriga B, Sánchez MC, Sanz M, Estrugo-Devesa A, Vinuesa T, López-López J, Viñas M. Oral Microbiota, Periodontal Status, and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Females. J Periodontol 2015; 87:124-33. [PMID: 26469811 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in hormone levels during menopause decrease bone density and may worsen oral health, favoring the growth of periodontal pathogens, whose detection could improve the diagnosis of periodontitis. The aim of this study is to detect and quantify the main periodontal pathogens in the oral microbiota of postmenopausal females and to explore the relationship between clinical and periodontal parameters. METHODS This was an observational cross-sectional study of 76 postmenopausal females. Dental examinations and sampling for microbiologic evaluation were performed, and a history of osteoporosis/osteopenia was collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting and quantifying Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), and Tannerella forsythia (Tf). The results obtained were subjected to statistical analyses. Statistical significance was defined as P <0.05. RESULTS Periodontitis was detected in 77.1% of females with osteoporosis/osteopenia (P >0.05). A significant correlation was found between osteoporosis and missing teeth. T. forsythia and C. rectus were detected in 100% of the samples, Fn and Pg in 98.7%, and Aa in 73.7%. CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis did not influence the prevalence of periodontitis among postmenopausal females. The presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria was not sufficient to confirm disease. A preventive maintenance program for postmenopausal females, particularly osteoporotic females, who are at greater risk of tooth loss, could minimize the potential effects of bone loss on periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Martínez-Garriga
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carmen Sánchez
- Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Estrugo-Devesa
- Section of Oral Medicine, Department of Odontostomatology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Vinuesa
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José López-López
- Section of Oral Medicine, Department of Odontostomatology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Viñas
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain.,CESPU (Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário [Cooperative for Higher, Polytechnic and University Education]), IINFACTS (Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde [Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies]), Gandra, Portugal
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Better visualization and photodocumentation of zone of inhibition by staining cells and background agar differently. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 68:657-9. [PMID: 25966849 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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SHIMOGISHI M, TSUTSUMI Y, KURODA S, MUNAKATA M, HANAWA T, KASUGAI S. Effects of acidic sodium fluoride-treated, commercially pure titanium on periodontal pathogens and rat bone marrow cells. Dent Mater J 2014; 33:70-8. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2013-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Does microwave sterilization of growth media involve any non-thermal effect? J Microbiol Methods 2014; 96:70-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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