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Cheng CT, Vyas PS, McClain EJ, Hoelen TCA, Arts JJC, McLaughlin C, Altman DT, Yu AK, Cheng BC. The Osteogenic Peptide P-15 for Bone Regeneration: A Narrative Review of the Evidence for a Mechanism of Action. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:599. [PMID: 38927835 PMCID: PMC11200470 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration is a complex multicellular process involving the recruitment and attachment of osteoprogenitors and their subsequent differentiation into osteoblasts that deposit extracellular matrixes. There is a growing demand for synthetic bone graft materials that can be used to augment these processes to enhance the healing of bone defects resulting from trauma, disease or surgery. P-15 is a small synthetic peptide that is identical in sequence to the cell-binding domain of type I collagen and has been extensively demonstrated in vitro and in vivo to enhance the adhesion, differentiation and proliferation of stem cells involved in bone formation. These events can be categorized into three phases: attachment, activation and amplification. This narrative review summarizes the large body of preclinical research on P-15 in terms of these phases to describe the mechanism of action by which P-15 improves bone formation. Knowledge of this mechanism of action will help to inform the use of P-15 in clinical practice as well as the development of methods of delivering P-15 that optimize clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper T. Cheng
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.T.C.); (P.S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Praveer S. Vyas
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.T.C.); (P.S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Edward James McClain
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.T.C.); (P.S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Thomáy-Claire Ayala Hoelen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.-C.A.H.); (J.J.C.A.)
| | - Jacobus Johannes Chris Arts
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and CAPHRI Research School, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (T.-C.A.H.); (J.J.C.A.)
| | - Colin McLaughlin
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.T.C.); (P.S.V.); (C.M.)
| | - Daniel T. Altman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA;
| | - Alexander K. Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA;
| | - Boyle C. Cheng
- Neuroscience Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA; (C.T.C.); (P.S.V.); (C.M.)
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Zuardi LR, de Oliveira FS, Fernandes RR, Gomes MPO, Spriano S, Nanci A, de Oliveira PT. Effects of rmBMP-7 on Osteoblastic Cells Grown on a Nanostructured Titanium Surface. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7030136. [PMID: 36134940 PMCID: PMC9496167 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of the availability of exogenous BMP-7 on osteoblastic cells’ differentiation on a nanotextured Ti surface obtained by chemical etching (Nano-Ti). The MC3T3-E1 and UMR-106 osteoblastic cell lines were cultured for 5 and 7 days, respectively, on a Nano-Ti surface and on a control surface (Control-Ti) in an osteogenic medium supplemented with either 40 or 200 ng/mL recombinant mouse (rm) BMP-7. The results showed that MC3T3-E1 cells exhibited distinct responsiveness when exposed to each of the two rmBMP-7 concentrations, irrespective of the surface. Even with 40 ng/mL rmBMP-7, important osteogenic effects were noticed for Control-Ti in terms of cell proliferation potential; Runx2, Osx, Alp, Bsp, Opn, and Smad1 mRNA expression; and in situ ALP activity. For Nano-Ti, the effects were limited to higher Alp, Bsp, and Opn mRNA expression and in situ ALP activity. On both surfaces, the osteogenic potential of UMR-106 cultures remained unaltered with 40 ng/mL rmBMP-7, but it was significantly reduced when the cultures were exposed to the 200 ng/mL concentration. The availability of rmBMP-7 to pre-osteoblastic cells at the concentrations used alters the expression profile of osteoblast markers, indicative of the acquisition of a more advanced stage of osteoblastic differentiation. This occurs less pronouncedly on the nanotextured Ti and without reflecting in higher mineralized matrix production by differentiated osteoblasts on both surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Raphael Zuardi
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Singaretti de Oliveira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Rodrigo Fernandes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Oliveira Gomes
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Spriano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Nanci
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Paulo Tambasco de Oliveira
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-99623-3663
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Scannavino RCP, Riccucci G, Ferraris S, Duarte GLC, de Oliveira PT, Spriano S. Functionalization with Polyphenols of a Nano-Textured Ti Surface through a High-Amino Acid Medium: A Chemical-Physical and Biological Characterization. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2916. [PMID: 36079954 PMCID: PMC9458157 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to identify an effective mechanism of adsorption of polyphenols on a nano-textured Ti surface and to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation on it. The source of polyphenols was a natural extract from red grape pomace. A chemical etching was used to form an oxide layer with a nanoscale texture on Ti; this layer is hydrophilic, but without hydroxyl groups with high acidic-basic chemical reactivity. The samples were characterized by electron and fluorescence microscopies, UV-Vis spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, zeta potential titration curves, and Folin-Ciocâlteu test. The presence of an adsorbed layer of polyphenols on the functionalized surface, maintaining redox ability, was confirmed by several tests. Consistent with the surface features, the adsorption was maximized by dissolving the extract in a high-amino acid medium, with respect to an inorganic solution, exploiting the high affinity of amino acids for polyphenols and for porous titanium surfaces. The osteogenic differentiation was assessed on an osteoblastic cell line by immunofluorescence, cell viability, expression of key osteoblast markers, and extracellular matrix mineralization. The surfaces functionalized with the extract diluted in the range 1 × 10-5-1 mg/mL resulted in having a greater osteogenic activity for the highest concentration, with lower values of cell viability; higher expression of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and collagen; and lower levels of osteopontin. In conclusion, the functionalization of a nano-textured Ti surface with polyphenols can potentially favor the osteogenic activity of osseointegrated implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella C. P. Scannavino
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Giacomo Riccucci
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Ferraris
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriel L. C. Duarte
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo T. de Oliveira
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Spriano
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
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Crovace MC, Soares VO, Rodrigues ACM, Peitl O, Raucci LM, de Oliveira PT, Zanotto ED. Understanding the mixed alkali effect on the sinterability and in vitro performance of bioactive glasses. Ann Ital Chir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Li J, Li Z, Shi Y, Wang H, Li R, Tu J, Jin G. In vitro and in vivo comparisons of the porous Ti6Al4V alloys fabricated by the selective laser melting technique and a new sintering technique. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 91:149-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Li J, Li Z, Li R, Shi Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Jin G. In vitro and in vivo evaluations of mechanical properties, biocompatibility and osteogenic ability of sintered porous titanium alloy implant. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36512-36520. [PMID: 35558944 PMCID: PMC9088853 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07518b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new sintering technique using Ti6Al4V powder suspension was performed to prepare porous Ti6Al4V alloys. The porous alloys could be fabricated with different porosities and pore sizes by controlling the quantity and size of spacer particles added to the Ti6Al4V powder. The characteristics and biological properties of the porous Ti6Al4V with two different porosities were evaluated by mechanical tests, cell tests and implantation. Dense Ti6Al4V was used as the control. Compared with the control group, the porous Ti6Al4V showed good biocompatibility and osteogenic ability, which makes this type of porous alloy a good prospective material for biomedical application. And compared with 50% porosity, the alloy with 75% porosity had the optimal mechanical properties, and suitable pore size and porosity, which allowed more bone ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of PLA No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China +86 010 66938306 +86 010 66938306
| | - Zhongli Li
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of PLA No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China +86 010 66938306 +86 010 66938306
| | - Ruiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yueyi Shi
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of PLA No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of PLA No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China +86 010 66938306 +86 010 66938306
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of PLA No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District Beijing 100853 China +86 010 66938306 +86 010 66938306
| | - Gong Jin
- ZhongAoHuiCheng Technology Co. No. 20 Kechuang Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone Beijing 100176 China
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BARROS VM, MARTINEZ LFP, SÁ MAD, VASCONCELLOS WA, MOREIRA AN. Avaliação topográfica e in vitro de superfícies de titânio revestidas com vidro bioativo. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.04918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Avaliar e comparar a rugosidade superficial e a atividade dos osteoblastos em contato com uma nova superfície bioativa e nanoestruturada de titânio grau 4 revestida com vidro bioativo contendo fosfato de cálcio, sintetizada pelo método sol-gel. Material e método Sessenta e três discos de titânio, medindo 4 mm de diâmetro por 2 mm de altura, foram preparados e divididos em três grupos: microtexturizado (Ticp - controle); revestido com vidro bioativo e seco a vácuo a 37 °C por 10 dias (BGTi37), e revestido com vidro bioativo e aquecido a 600 °C por cinco horas (BGTi600). Três espécimes de cada grupo foram utilizados para avaliação da topografia superficial e 18 espécimes, para cultura celular. Resultado O revestimento de vidro bioativo diminuiu a rugosidade média quando comparado ao titânio microtexturizado. A proporção de células viáveis, a produção de fosfatase alcalina e o grau de mineralização da matriz óssea em contato com os espécimes de titânio do grupo BGTi600 foram significativamente menores em relação aos grupos controle e do titânio microtexturizado. Conclusão Apesar de sua marcante menor rugosidade, a superfície BGTi37 apresentou comportamento biológico semelhante a uma superfície de titânio microtexturizada e moderadamente rugosa. A outra superfície experimental (BGTi600), a de menor rugosidade entre todas as testadas, apresentou os piores resultados de ativação dos osteoblastos.
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Castro-Raucci LMS, Teixeira LN, Oliveira IR, Raucci-Neto W, Jacobovitz M, Rosa AL, de Oliveira PT. Osteogenic cell response to calcium aluminate-based cement. Int Endod J 2016; 50:771-779. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. S. Castro-Raucci
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- School of Dentistry; University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - L. N. Teixeira
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- Department of Oral Pathology; São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center; Campinas SP Brazil
| | - I. R. Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Development; University of Vale do Paraíba; São José dos Campos SP Brazil
| | - W. Raucci-Neto
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- School of Dentistry; University of Ribeirão Preto; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - M. Jacobovitz
- Endodontics Private Practitioner; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - A. L. Rosa
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - P. T. de Oliveira
- School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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do Prado RF, Rabêlo SB, de Andrade DP, Nascimento RD, Henriques VAR, Carvalho YR, Cairo CAA, de Vasconcellos LMR. Porous titanium and Ti-35Nb alloy: effects on gene expression of osteoblastic cells derived from human alveolar bone. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:259. [PMID: 26449449 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tests on titanium alloys that possess low elastic modulus, corrosion resistance and minimal potential toxicity are ongoing. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of human osteoblastic cells cultured on dense and porous Titanium (Ti) samples comparing to dense and porous Ti-35 Niobium (Ti-35Nb) samples, using gene expression analysis. Scanning electronic microscopy confirmed surface porosity and pore interconnectivity and X-ray diffraction showed titanium beta-phase stabilization in Ti-35Nb alloy. There were no differences in expression of transforming growth factor-β, integrin-β1, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, macrophage colony stimulating factor, prostaglandin E synthase, and apolipoprotein E regarding the type of alloy, porosity and experimental period. The experimental period was a significant factor for the markers: bone sialoprotein II and interleukin 6, with expression increasing over time. Porosity diminished Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2) expression. Cells adhering to the Ti-35Nb alloy showed statistically similar expression to those adhering to commercially pure Ti grade II, for all the markers tested. In conclusion, the molecular mechanisms of interaction between human osteoblasts and the Ti-35Nb alloy follow the principal routes of osseointegration of commercially pure Ti grade II. Porosity impaired the route of transcription factor Runx-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Falchete do Prado
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Sylvia Bicalho Rabêlo
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Dennia Perez de Andrade
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dias Nascimento
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Vinicius André Rodrigues Henriques
- Material Division, Air and Space Institute, General Command of Aerospace Technology, São José dos Campos, Praça Mal. do Ar Eduardo Gomes, 14, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12904-000, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Alves Cairo
- Material Division, Air and Space Institute, General Command of Aerospace Technology, São José dos Campos, Praça Mal. do Ar Eduardo Gomes, 14, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12904-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Marotta Reis de Vasconcellos
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
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Strąkowska P, Beutner R, Gnyba M, Zielinski A, Scharnweber D. Electrochemically assisted deposition of hydroxyapatite on Ti6Al4V substrates covered by CVD diamond films - Coating characterization and first cell biological results. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 59:624-635. [PMID: 26652416 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although titanium and its alloys are widely used as implant material for orthopedic and dental applications they show only limited corrosion stability and osseointegration in different cases. The aim of the presented research was to develop and characterize a novel surface modification system from a thin diamond base layer and a hydroxyapatite (HAp) top coating deposited on the alloy Ti6Al4V widely used for implants in contact with bone. This coating system is expected to improve both the long-term corrosion behavior and the biocompatibility and bioactivity of respective surfaces. The diamond base films were obtained by Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW-PACVD); the HAp coatings were formed in aqueous solutions by electrochemically assisted deposition (ECAD) at varying polarization parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman microscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements were applied to characterize the generated surface states; the calcium phosphate coatings were additionally chemically analyzed for their composition. The biological properties of the coating system were assessed using hMSC cells analyzing for cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Varying MW-PACVD process conditions resulted in composite coatings containing microcrystalline diamond (MCD/Ti-C), nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), and boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) with the NCD coatings being dense and homogeneous and the B-NCD coatings showing increased electrical conductivity. The ECAD process resulted in calcium phosphate coatings from stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric HAp. The deposition of HAp on the B-NCD films run at lower cathodic potentials and resulted both in the highest coating mass and the most homogenous appearance. Initial cell biological investigations showed an improved cell adhesion in the order B-NCD>HAp/B-NCD>uncoated substrate. Cell proliferation was improved for both investigated coatings whereas ALP expression was highest for the uncoated substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Strąkowska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Poland; Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Poland
| | - René Beutner
- Max Bergmann Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcin Gnyba
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics, Poland
| | - Andrzej Zielinski
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Poland
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The promotion of osseointegration of titanium surfaces by coating with silk protein sericin. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2855-64. [PMID: 23357374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A promising strategy to influence the osseointegration process around orthopaedic titanium implants is the immobilization of bioactive molecules. This recruits appropriate interaction between the surface and the tissue by directing cells adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and active matrix remodelling. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functionalization of metallic implant titanium with silk protein sericin. Titanium surface was immobilized with non-mulberry Antheraea mylitta sericin using glutaraldehyde as crosslinker. To analyse combinatorial effects the sericin immobilized titanium was further conjugated with integrin binding peptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) using ethyl (dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide as coupling agents. The surface of sericin immobilized titanium was characterized biophysically. Osteoblast-like cells were cultured on sericin and sericin/RGD functionalized titanium and found to be more viable than those on pristine titanium. The enhanced adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblast cells were observed. RT-PCR analysis showed that mRNA expressions of bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase were upregulated in osteoblast cells cultured on sericin and sericin/RGD immobilized titanium substrates. Additionally, no significant amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and nitric oxide production were recorded when macrophages cells and osteoblast-macrophages co culture cells were grown on sericin immobilized titanium. The findings demonstrate that the sericin immobilized titanium surfaces are potentially useful bioactive coated materials for titanium-based medical implants.
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