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Saygun I, Slezovic MÖ, Özkan CK, Bengi VU, Elçi P, Serdar M, Kantarci A. Anti-proliferative impact of resveratrol on gingival fibroblasts from juvenile hyaline fibromatosis. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:448. [PMID: 39060456 PMCID: PMC11281951 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound with biological activities such as anti-inflammation and antioxidation. Its anti-fibrotic effect has been experimentally demonstrated in the pancreas and liver. This study aims to determine the anti-proliferative effect of resveratrol on fibroblasts obtained from hyperplastic gingival tissues from a patient diagnosed with Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis (JHF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary gingival fibroblast cell lines were obtained from gingival growth tissues by the gingivectomy of a patient with JHF. Gingival fibroblasts were treated with or without 3 different doses of resveratrol (50, 100, 200 µM). Cytotoxicity and cell proliferation were evaluated after 24, 48, and 72 h. Collagen, TGF, and CTGF were analyzed by ELISA in the 48-hour supernatants. RESULTS All three doses of resveratrol suppressed the proliferation of JHF gingival fibroblasts at 24 and 48 h without showing any cytotoxic effect compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). At 72 h, 100 and 200 µM resveratrol showed significantly less proliferation (p < 0.0001), less collagen, CTGF, and TGF- β (p < 0.001) than the control group. CONCLUSION Resveratrol had a profound anti-proliferative effect on gingival fibroblasts obtained from gingival enlargements with JHF, suggesting that it can be used as a therapeutic to prevent excessive cell growth by suppressing collagen, CTGF, and TGF- β synthesis in the pathogenesis of hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Saygun
- Department of Periodontology, Gulhane Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Melis Özgül Slezovic
- Department of Periodontology, Gulhane Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cansel Köse Özkan
- Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vahdi Umut Bengi
- Department of Periodontology, Gulhane Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pınar Elçi
- Gulhane Health Sciences Institute, Stem Cell Lab, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Serdar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chen MZ, Dai XF, Sun Y, Yu YC, Yang F. Cyclosporine A-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant patients accompanied by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:511-519. [PMID: 36924118 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the prevalence of cyclosporin A-induced gingival overgrowth and the expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition factors in the gingival tissues of renal transplant patients. BACKGROUND Gingival overgrowth (GO) is a frequent complication in organ transplant patients treated with the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA). The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered a factor contributing to CsA-induced GO. However, current knowledge on this topic is sparse. METHODS Sixty-three renal transplant patients were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of GO: those with gingival overgrowth (GO+ group) and those without gingival overgrowth (GO- group). Data on age, sex, and use of immunosuppressant and calcium channel blocker medications, serum creatinine values, peak concentrations of blood CsA, and gingival hyperplasia scores were recorded to identify clinically pathogenic factors. Gingival tissues from five patients with CsA-induced GO and five healthy subjects were selected for histomorphological observation with hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA expression of EMT factors was detected with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. RESULTS The use of CsA significantly increased the prevalence of GO in renal transplant patients. The expression of α-SMA, SMAD4, and TGM2 was upregulated and that of E-cadherin was downregulated in the gingival tissues of patients with CsA-induced GO compared with those of the corresponding controls. CONCLUSION Treatment with CsA is closely related to the occurrence of GO in renal transplant patients and EMT plays an important role in CsA-induced gingival tissue hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhi Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jing-An Dental Clinic, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yang Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Cheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
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Chin YT, Tu HP, Lin CY, Kuo PJ, Chiu HC, Liu SH, Lee SY, Fu E. Antioxidants protect against gingival overgrowth induced by cyclosporine A. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:397-407. [PMID: 33448057 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on developing gingival overgrowth (GO) and then introduced the antioxidant strategy to prevent, or even reduce GO. BACKGROUND Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect of the patients receiving cyclosporine A (CsA), an immune suppressant. Although it has been broadly investigated, the exact pathogenesis of the induced GO is still uncertain. METHODS We cultured human primary gingival fibroblasts and used animal model of GO to investigate the ameliorative effects of antioxidants on CsA-induced GO. To examine the CsA-induced oxidative stress, associated genes and protein expression, and the overgrown gingiva of rats by using immunocytochemistry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, real-time PCR, ELISA, gelatin zymography, gingival morphological, and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS We found for the first time that ROS was responsible for the CsA-induced oxidative stress and TGF-β1 expression in human primary gingival fibroblasts, as well as the GO of rats. The antioxidants (oxidative scavenger of vitamin E and an antioxidative enzyme inducer of hemin) ameliorated CsA-induced pathological and morphological alterations of GO without affected the CsA-suppressed il-2 expression in rats. CsA-induced oxidative stress, HO-1, TGF-β1, and type II EMT were also rescued by antioxidants treatment. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that CsA repetitively stimulating the production of ROS is the cause of CsA-GO which is ameliorated by treating antioxidants, including vitamin E and sulforaphane. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive effect of CsA is not interfered by antioxidant treatments in rats. This finding may thus help the clinician devise better prevention strategies in patients susceptible to GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Chin
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Teeth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Xindian, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Pei Tu
- Department of Oral Hygiene, Hsin-Sheng Junior College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lin
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Teeth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jan Kuo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Chiu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsien Liu
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Teeth Bank and Dental Stem Cell Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Earl Fu
- Department of Dentistry, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Xindian, Taiwan.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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The regulation of Oct4 in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated by cyclosporine A: Preliminary observations. J Dent Sci 2020; 15:176-180. [PMID: 32595898 PMCID: PMC7305449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Oct4, a key transcription factor, could reprogram human somatic fibroblasts into embryonic stem cell-like pluripotent cells. The exact mechanism of cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CsA on the expression of Oct4 in cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro. Materials and methods The effects of CsA on HGFs were used to elucidate whether Oct4 expression could be induced by CsA by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cell growth in CsA-treated HGFs with Oct4 lentiviral-mediated shRNAi knockdown was evaluated by tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Results CsA was found to upregulate Oct4 transcript in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). CsA also dose-dependently increased Oct4 protein expression (p < 0.05). The lentivirus expressing sh-Oct4 successfully prevented the CsA-induced Oct4 mRNA and protein in HGFs (p < 0.05). However, knockdown of Oct4 was insufficient to inhibit CsA-stimulated cell growth in HGFs. Furthermore, double knockdown with pluripotency-associated transcription factor Nanog showed that the down-regulation of Oct4/Nanog by lentiviral infection significantly inhibited CsA-stimulated cell growth (p < 0.05). Conclusion Taken together, CsA was first found to upregulate Oct4 mRNA and protein expression in HGFs. The silencing Oct4 could not suppress cell growth unless Nanog was repressed simultaneously.
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Ju Y, Huang L, Wang S, Zhao S. Transcriptional Analysis Reveals Key Genes in the Pathogenesis of Nifedipine-Induced Gingival Overgrowth. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2020; 2020:6128341. [PMID: 32455102 PMCID: PMC7242917 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6128341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth (NGO) is a multifactorial pathogenesis with increased extracellular matrix including collagen and glycans, inflammatory cytokines, and phenotype changes of fibroblasts. However, the molecular etiology of NGO is not well understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the key genes in the pathogenesis of NGO. METHODS In this study, we examined the proliferation and migration abilities of fibroblasts derived from patients with chronic periodontitis, nifedipine nonresponder gingival overgrowth, gingival overgrowth caused by nifedipine, and healthy normal gingiva. We conducted RNA-Seq on these four groups of fibroblasts and analysed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS Fibroblasts derived from NGO patients had higher proliferation and migration abilities than those of the other groups. Protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that TGFB2, ITGA8, ITGA11, FGF5, PLA2G4D, PLA2G2F, PTGS1, CSF1, LPAR1, CCL3, and NKX3-1 are involved in the development of NGO. These factors are related to the arachidonic acid metabolism and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Transcriptional gene expression analysis identified a number of DEGs that might be functionally related to gingival overgrowth induced by nifedipine. Our study provides important information on the molecular mechanism underlying nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ju
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Shanghai Jiading District Dental Center, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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Boxhammer E, Lehle K, Schmid C, von Suesskind-Schwendi M. Anti-oxidative effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib: a potential therapy for chronic lung allograft dysfunction? Exp Lung Res 2020; 46:128-145. [PMID: 32169022 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2020.1738594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: The long-term survival after lung transplantation (LTx) is often limited by the development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Increased oxidative stress has been found to occur in chronic lung allograft dysfunction because of several risk factors, e.g. immunological factors or drug related factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor nintedanib on immunologically induced oxidative stress and on drug induced oxidative stress.Methods: In-vivo studies were used for investigation of immunologically induced oxidative stress: Immunohistochemistry of transglutaminase-2 (TGM-2) was used to figure out a potential anti-oxidative effect of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib in a rat model of allogeneic left LTx. In-vitro studies were used for investigation of drug induced oxidative stress: Cell viability assay, 2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) and immunofluorescence of transglutaminase-2 were disposed to examine the potential impact of nintedanib on cyclosporin A (CsA) treated lung fibroblasts of the rat.Results: In-vivo studies: Allogeneic transplanted animals without drug interaction showed severe chronic rejection and an excessive expression of TGM-2, whereas the application of nintedanib significantly decreased the number of TGM-2 positive cells. In-vitro studies: Concentrations of CsA ranging from 250 ng/ml to 500 ng/ml demonstrated oxidative stress caused by an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an overexpression of TGM-2 without inducing apoptosis in cells. Concentrations of more than 1000 ng/ml led to a considerable decrease of cellularity. 30 min-pre-incubation with nintedanib at a concentration between 25 and 100 nM reduced generation of intracellular ROS and expression of TGM-2.Conclusion: These results demonstrate a downregulation of ROS and TGM-2 by pretreatment with the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib and present its potential anti-oxidative and immunomodulatory effect in the treatment of chronic lung allograft dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Boxhammer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karla Lehle
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christof Schmid
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
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Ramírez-Rámiz A, Brunet-LLobet L, Lahor-Soler E, Miranda-Rius J. On the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth. Open Dent J 2017; 11:420-435. [PMID: 28868093 PMCID: PMC5564016 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gingival overgrowth has been linked to multiple factors such as adverse drug effects, inflammation, neoplastic processes, and hereditary gingival fibromatosis. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a well-established adverse event. In early stages, this gingival enlargement is usually located in the area of the interdental papilla. Histologically, there is an increase in the different components of the extracellular matrix. Objective: The aim of this manuscript is to describe and analyze the different cellular and molecular agents involved in the pathogenesis of Drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Method: A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted to identify the mechanisms involved in the process of drug-induced gingival overgrowth, with the assistance of a research librarian. We present several causal hypotheses and discuss the advances in the understanding of the mechanisms that trigger this gingival alteration. Results: In vitro studies have revealed phenotypic cellular changes in keratinocytes and fibroblasts and an increase of the extracellular matrix with collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth confirms the key role of collagenase and integrins, membrane receptors present in the fibroblasts, due to their involvement in the catabolism of collagen. The three drug categories implicated: calcineuron inhibitors (immunosuppressant drugs), calcium channel blocking agents and anticonvulsant drugs appear to present a multifactorial pathogenesis with a common molecular action: the blockage of the cell membrane in the Ca2+/Na+ ion flow. The alteration of the uptake of cellular folic acid, which depends on the regulated channels of active cationic transport and on passive diffusion, results in a dysfunctional degradation of the connective tissue. Certain intermediate molecules such as cytokines and prostaglandins play a role in this pathological mechanism. The concomitant inflammatory factor encourages the appearance of fibroblasts, which leads to gingival fibrosis. Susceptibility to gingival overgrowth in some fibroblast subpopulations is due to phenotypic variability and genetic polymorphism, as shown by the increase in the synthesis of molecules related to the response of the gingival tissue to inducing drugs. The authors present a diagram depicting various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Conclusion: Individual predisposition, tissue inflammation, and molecular changes in response to the inducing drug favor the clinical manifestation of gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ramírez-Rámiz
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-LLobet
- Department of Dentistry. Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Lahor-Soler
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Upregulation of embryonic stem cell marker Nanog in human gingival fibroblasts stimulated with cyclosporine A: An in vitro study. J Dent Sci 2016; 12:78-82. [PMID: 30895027 PMCID: PMC6395295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Gingival overgrowth is a common side effect of medication with the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA). This study proposed to verify whether Nanog, an embryonic stem cell marker, contributes to gingival overgrowth stimulated with CsA in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Materials and methods The effect of CsA on HGFs was used to elucidate whether Nanog expression could be induced by CsA using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Cell growth in CsA-treated HGFs with Nanog lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA interference knockdown was evaluated by tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Results CsA upregulated Nanog transcript in HGFs in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). CsA was also shown to increase Nanog protein expression in HGFs in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). In addition, downregulation of Nanog by lentiviral infection significantly inhibited CsA-stimulated cell growth in HGFs (P < 0.05). Conclusion CsA upregulated Nanog expression and cell growth in HGFs, while silencing Nanog effectively reversed these phenomena. Nanog may act as a major switch in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.
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Becerik S, Celec P, Gürkan A, Öztürk VÖ, Kamodyova N, Atilla G, Emingil G. Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma Levels of Transglutaminase-2 and Oxidative Stress Markers in Cyclosporin A-Induced Gingival Overgrowth. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1508-1516. [PMID: 27468796 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transglutaminase (TGM)-2 has been shown to contribute to fibrosis by extracellular matrix accumulation in some organs and is activated by intracellular reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study is to investigate levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma TGM-2 and oxidative stress markers (OSMs) in cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). METHODS The study enrolled 20 healthy (H) individuals; 20 patients with gingivitis (G); 20 CsA-medicated patients with GO (CsA GO+); and 20 CsA-medicated patients without GO (CsA GO-). GCF and plasma levels of TGM-2 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spectrofluorometry was used to analyze thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS); ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); total oxidant status (TOS); and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). RESULTS GCF TGM-2 level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with G (P = 0.048) and H (P = 0.001) groups. GCF TBARS level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with other groups (CsA GO- group: P = 0.003; G group: P <0.001; and H group: P <0.001) and was higher in CsA GO- than in H (P = 0.048). GCF FRAP level was lower in CsA GO- than in H (P = 0.04). Both CsA GO+ and CsA GO- groups had lower GCF TOS levels than H (P <0.001 and P = 0.002) and G (P = 0.003 and P = 0.04). GCF TAC was higher in CsA GO+ than in H (P = 0.02). Plasma TGM-2 level was elevated in CsA GO+ compared with G (P = 0.048) and H (P = 0.002). Plasma FRAP level was higher in H and CsA GO- than in CsA GO+ (P = 0.008 and P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS CsA use significantly alters GCF and plasma levels of TGM-2 and OSMs. TGM-2 may contribute to CsA-induced GO in CsA-treated patients by changing GCF and plasma levels of OSMs. Further studies are needed to prove causality and its direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Becerik
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Peter Celec
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ali Gürkan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Veli Özgen Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Natalia Kamodyova
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gül Atilla
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Tsai CH, Yu CC, Lee SS, Yu HC, Huang FM, Chang YC. Upregulation of Slug expression by cyclosporine A contributes to the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 115:602-8. [PMID: 27287534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Gingival overgrowth occurs as a side effect of systemic medication with immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA). Slug, a master regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, is dramatically upregulated in a variety of fibrotic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker Slug in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth. METHODS Clinically healthy gingiva and CsA-induced gingival overgrowth specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The effect of CsA on normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was used to elucidate whether Slug expression could be affected by CsA by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Cell proliferation in CsA-treated HGFs with Slug lentiviral-mediated shRNAi knockdown was evaluated by tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. RESULTS Slug expression was higher in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth specimens than in clinical healthy gingiva (p < 0.05). Slug expression was significantly higher in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth specimens with higher levels of inflammatory infiltrates (p < 0.05). CsA was found to increase Slug transcript and protein expression in HGFs in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). In addition, knockdown of Slug significantly suppressed CsA-induced cell proliferation in HGFs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Taken together, upregulation of Slug in HGFs stimulated by CsA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hung Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Oral Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chieh Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Elevated Snail expression in human gingival fibroblasts by cyclosporine A as the possible pathogenesis for gingival overgrowth. J Formos Med Assoc 2015; 114:1181-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Lee SS, Chen YJ, Tsai CH, Huang FM, Chang YC. Elevated transglutaminase-2 expression mediates fibrosis in areca quid chewing-associated oral submucocal fibrosis via reactive oxygen species generation. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1029-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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The long-term administration of calcineurin inhibitors decreases antioxidant enzyme activity in the rat parotid and submandibular salivary glands. Life Sci 2015; 134:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Effects of nicotine on cell growth, migration, and production of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species by cementoblasts. J Dent Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Lee SS, Tsai CH, Yu CC, Chang YC. Elevated snail expression mediates tumor progression in areca quid chewing-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma via reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67985. [PMID: 23874481 PMCID: PMC3707908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snail is an important transcription factor implicated in several tumor progression and can be induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Areca quid chewing is a major risk factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, we hypothesize that the major areca nut alkaloid arecoline may induce Snail via ROS and involve in the pathogenesis of areca quid chewing-associated OSCC. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING Thirty-six OSCC and ten normal oral epithelium specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry and analyzed by the clinico-pathological profiles. Cytotoxicity, 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay, and western blot were used to investigate the effects of arecoline in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and oral epithelial cell line OECM-1 cells. In addition, antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), curcumin, and epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) were added to find the possible regulatory mechanisms. Initially, Snail expression was significantly higher in OSCC specimens (p<0.05). Elevated Snail expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.031) and poor differentiation (p = 0.017). Arecoline enhanced the generation of intracellular ROS at the concentration higher than 40 µg/ml (p<0.05). Arecoline was also found to induced Snail expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05). Treatment with NAC, curcumin, and EGCG markedly inhibited arecoline induced Snail expression (p<0.05). CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that Snail overexpression in areca quid chewing-associated OSCC is associated with tumors differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Arecoline-upregulated Snail expression may be mediated by ROS generation. In addition, arecoline induced Snail expression was downregulated by NAC, curcumin, and EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hung Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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