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Kiechle S, Liebermann A, Mast G, Heitzer M, Möhlhenrich SC, Hölzle F, Kniha H, Kniha K. Evaluation of one-piece zirconia dental implants: An 8-year follow-up study. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04935-1. [PMID: 37277537 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-term studies of modern zirconia implants are still insufficient. This prospective 8-year follow-up study investigated one-piece zirconia implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who had received a one-piece zirconia dental implant (PURE ceramic implant, Institut Straumann GmbH, Basel, Switzerland) were included in this study. Next to the implant survival and success rates, the radiographic and clinical implant parameters were assessed. RESULTS The overall survival rate of 67 zirconia implants in 39 patients was 100%. The overall success rate was 89.6%. Around the immediate zirconia implants, the success rate was 94.7%, and around the delayed implants, 87.5%. The immediate implants showed a significantly higher bone crest compared to the delayed implants (p = 0.0120). According to the pink esthetic score, the immediate implants revealed more favorable esthetic results compared to the delayed implants after an 8-year follow-up (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS After 8 years, the one-piece zirconia implants presented an 89.6% success rate. Regarding the timing of implantation, in individual cases, immediate implantation can have slight advantages over delayed implantation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Immediate implants can also be considered for zirconia implants and should not be excluded on principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Kiechle
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Liebermann
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 32, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerson Mast
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marius Heitzer
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstraße 30, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstraße 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Heinz Kniha
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Private Clinic for Oral Surgery, Dres. Kniha, Rosental 6, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristian Kniha
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstraße 30, Aachen, Germany.
- Private Clinic for Oral Surgery, Dres. Kniha, Rosental 6, Munich, Germany.
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Kniha K, Buhl EM, Al-Sibai F, Möhlhenrich SC, Bock A, Heitzer M, Hölzle F, Modabber A. Results of thermal osteonecrosis for implant removal on electron microscopy, implant stability, and radiographic parameters - a rat study. Head Face Med 2023; 19:4. [PMID: 36882765 PMCID: PMC9990269 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-023-00349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This rat study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of temperature thresholds that affect peri-implant bone cells and morphology and the potential usefulness of thermal necrosis for inducing implant removal for a subsequent in vivo pig study. METHODS On one side, rat tibiae were thermally treated before implant insertion. The contralateral side was used as the control group without tempering. Temperatures of 4 °C, 3 °C, 2 °C, 48 °C, 49 °C, and 50 °C were evaluated with a tempering time of 1 min. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses were performed. RESULTS The EDX analysis revealed significant increases in element weights at 50 °C (e.g., calcium, phosphate, sodium, and sulfur; p < 0.01). The results of the TEM analysis showed that at all the applied cold and warm temperatures, signs of cell damage were observed, including vacuolization, shrinkage, and detachment from the surrounding bone matrix. Some cells became necrotic, leaving the lacunae empty. CONCLUSIONS Temperature of 50 °C led to irreversible cell death. The degree of damage was more significant at 50 °C and 2 °C than at 48 °C and 5 °C. Although this was a preliminary study, from the results, we identified that a temperature of 50 °C at a time interval of 60 min can lower the number of samples in a further study of thermo-explantation. Thus, the subsequent planned in vivo study in pigs, which will consider osseointegrated implants, is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Kniha
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH, Pauwelstraße 30, Aachen, Germany. .,Private Clinic for Oral Surgery Dres. Kniha, Rosental 6, 80331, Munich, Germany.
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Institute for Pathology, Electron Microscopy Facility, University Hospital RWTH, Pauwelstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Faruk Al-Sibai
- Institute of Heat and Mass Transfer, University Hospital RWTH, Augustinerbach 6, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Anna Bock
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH, Pauwelstraße 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marius Heitzer
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH, Pauwelstraße 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH, Pauwelstraße 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH, Pauwelstraße 30, Aachen, Germany
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Kniha K, Bock A, Peters F, Heitzer M, Modabber A, Kniha H, Hölzle F, Möhlhenrich SC. Aesthetic aspects of adjacent maxillary single-crown implants-influence of zirconia and titanium as implant materials. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 49:1489-1496. [PMID: 32362537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective survey was to assess the esthetic aspects of adjacent zirconia and titanium implants in the anterior maxillary area. A total of 40 patients and 109 adjacent implants (17 patients with 47 titanium implants and 23 patients with 62 zirconia implants) was included. The primary aim of this survey was to assess the papillary fill (Jemt score). Additionally, further esthetic aspects were assessed. Papillae were fully present (Jemt score 3) around 39.1% of adjacent zirconia implants and 17.4% of adjacent titanium implants (p<0.01). The papilla deficit was significantly higher 1.64 mm (SD 1.35) around titanium compared to zirconia implants 0.92 mm (SD 0.94, p<0.01). The evaluation of the soft tissue recessions revealed no differences between implant materials, whereas titanium implants presented more visible implant shadows (p<0.01). Zirconia implants had more implants with papillae that filled the entire proximal space compared to titanium implants. Furthermore, titanium implants had a greater frequency of visible implant shadowing than the zirconia implants. Esthetic rules such as the interdental contact area and golden percentage rules did not differ significantly between the titanium and zirconia implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kniha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - A Bock
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Peters
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Heitzer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Kniha
- Private Practice Prof. Kniha and Prof. Schlegel, Munich, Germany
| | - F Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - S C Möhlhenrich
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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Clever K, Schlegel KA, Kniha H, Conrads G, Rink L, Modabber A, Hölzle F, Kniha K. Experimental peri-implant mucositis around titanium and zirconia implants in comparison to a natural tooth: part 1—host-derived immunological parameters. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:554-559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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A prospective clinical study to evaluate the performance of zirconium dioxide dental implants in single-tooth edentulous area: 3-year follow-up. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:181. [PMID: 30382850 PMCID: PMC6211599 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, dental implants have been made from titanium or titanium alloys. Alternatively, zirconia-based ceramic implants have been developed with similar characteristics of functional strength and osseointegration. Ceramic implants offer advantages in certain settings, e.g. in patients who object to metal dental implants. The aim of this study was to investigate the mid-term (36 months) clinical performance of a ceramic monotype implant in single-tooth edentulous area. METHODS This was a prospective, open-label, single-arm study in patients requiring implant rehabilitation in single-tooth edentulous area. Ceramic implants (PURE Ceramic Implant, Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) with a diameter of 4.1 mm were placed following standard procedure and loaded with provisional and final prostheses after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Implant survival rate and implant success rate were evaluated and crestal bone levels were measured by analysing standardized radiographs during implant surgery and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. RESULTS Forty-four patients received a study implant, of whom one patient withdrew consent after 3 months. With one implant lost during the first 6 months after surgery, the implant survival rate was 97.7% at 6 months. No further implants were lost over the following 30 months, and 3 patients were lost to follow-up during this time frame. This led to a survival rate of 97.5% at 36 months. Six months after implant surgery 93.0% of the implants were considered "successful", increasing to 97.6% at 12 months and remaining at this level at 24 months (95.1%) and 36 months (97.5%). Bone loss was most pronounced in the first half-year after implant surgery (0.88 ± 0.86 mm). By contrast, between 12 and 36 months the mean bone level remained stable (minimal gain of 0.06 [± 0.60] mm). Hence, the overall bone loss from implant surgery to 36 months was 0.97 (± 0.88) mm. CONCLUSIONS In the follow-up period ceramic implants can achieve favourable clinical outcomes on a par with titanium implants. For instance, these implants can be recommended for patients who object to metal dental implants. However, longer term studies with different edentulous morphology need to confirm the present data. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov : NCT02163395 .
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Roehling S, Schlegel KA, Woelfler H, Gahlert M. Performance and outcome of zirconia dental implants in clinical studies: A meta‐analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2018; 29 Suppl 16:135-153. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roehling
- Clinic for Oral and Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryHightech Research CenterUniversity Hospital BaselUniversity of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Clinic for Oral and Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryKantonsspital Aarau Aarau Switzerland
- Unit for Oral & Maxillofacial SurgeryMedical Healthcare Center Lörrach Lörrach Germany
| | - Karl A. Schlegel
- Private Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Prof. Schlegel Munich Germany
- Maxillofacial Surgery DepartmentUniversity Hospital ErlangenUniversity of Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | | | - Michael Gahlert
- Clinic for Oral and Cranio‐Maxillofacial SurgeryHightech Research CenterUniversity Hospital BaselUniversity of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Private Dental Clinic PD Dr. Gahlert Munich Germany
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Evaluation of peri-implant bone levels and soft tissue dimensions around zirconia implants—a three-year follow-up study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:492-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kniha K, Schlegel KA, Kniha H, Modabber A, Neukam F, Kniha K. Papilla-Crown Height Dimensions around Zirconium Dioxide Implants in the Esthetic Area: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:e694-e698. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kniha
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Germany
| | - Karl Andreas Schlegel
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Germany
| | - Heinz Kniha
- Private Dental Clinic; Drs. Kniha and Gahlert; Munich Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Aachen; Germany
| | - Friedrich Neukam
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Germany
| | - Kristian Kniha
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery; University Hospital Aachen; Germany
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Kniha K, Modabber A, Kniha H, Möhlhenrich S, Hölzle F, Milz S. Dimensions of hard and soft tissue around adjacent, compared with single-tooth, zirconia implants. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 56:43-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kniha K, Kniha H, Möhlhenrich S, Milz S, Hölzle F, Modabber A. Papilla and alveolar crest levels in immediate versus delayed single-tooth zirconia implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 46:1039-1044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rancitelli D, Cicciù M, Lini F, Fumagalli D, Frigo AC, Maiorana C. Reproducibility of a Digital Method to Evaluate Soft Tissue Modifications: A study of Inter and Intra-Operative Measurement Concordance. Open Dent J 2017; 11:171-180. [PMID: 28567141 PMCID: PMC5418925 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The soft tissue healing and quality around dental implant is a current debated topic in the recent literature. The free gingival margin and the quantity and quality of the mucosa around teeth and surrounding dental implants still determine the hard and soft tissue healing status. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess inter and intra-operative measurement concordance of a method aimed at evaluating the apico-coronal migration of free gingival margin, using intra-oral photography. Methods: The method was tested on peri-implant tissues that were treated with a connective tissue graft on the second stage surgery. Thirty-eight measurements on 13 implants in 8 patients were recorded. An intra-oral photograph was taken for the graft and the provisional crown, which enclosed a circular landmark with a previously determined diameter. The landmark was prepared with a red-resin by the same technician. Before crown cementation, the landmark was calibrated with a digital calibrator by the main investigator, to determine the precise diameter up to two decimal numbers. Results: On the intra-oral photograph, the distance was measured from the most apical point of the determined landmark to the zenith of the gingiva, using an image-processing program designed for scientific multidimensional images (Image J). Three independent examiners took these measurements. Conclusion: The main advantage of the present non-invasive technique is that the spatial plane of the prosthetic landmarks is the same of the tooth unlike the utilization of periodontal probe, which is generally positioned on different plans in the space (generally more vestibular).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Rancitelli
- Department of Dental Implants, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Lini
- Department of Dental Implants, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Fumagalli
- Department of Dental Implants, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Frigo
- Department of Cardiological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Maiorana
- Department of Dental Implants, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Kniha K, Möhlhenrich SC, Peters F, Yovev T, Räsch M, Prescher A, Hölzle F, Modabber A. Comparison of non-invasive radiographic measurements of soft tissue in the interdental space: a cadaver study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:482-487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of zirconia in medicine and dentistry has rapidly expanded over the past decade, driven by its advantageous physical, biological, esthetic, and corrosion properties. Zirconia orthopedic hip replacements have shown superior wear-resistance over other systems; however, risk of catastrophic fracture remains a concern. In dentistry, zirconia has been widely adopted for endosseous implants, implant abutments, and all-ceramic crowns. Because of an increasing demand for esthetically pleasing dental restorations, zirconia-based ceramic restorations have become one of the dominant restorative choices. Areas covered: This review provides an updated overview of the applications of zirconia in medicine and dentistry with a focus on dental applications. The MEDLINE electronic database (via PubMed) was searched, and relevant original and review articles from 2010 to 2016 were included. Expert commentary: Recent data suggest that zirconia performs favorably in both orthopedic and dental applications, but quality long-term clinical data remain scarce. Concerns about the effects of wear, crystalline degradation, crack propagation, and catastrophic fracture are still debated. The future of zirconia in biomedical applications will depend on the generation of these data to resolve concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wei Chen
- a Department of Restorative Dentistry , University of Washington School of Dentistry , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Joelle Moussi
- a Department of Restorative Dentistry , University of Washington School of Dentistry , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Jeanie L Drury
- a Department of Restorative Dentistry , University of Washington School of Dentistry , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - John C Wataha
- a Department of Restorative Dentistry , University of Washington School of Dentistry , Seattle , WA , USA
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