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Zhou W, Xuan D, Yu T, Zhang J. Aberrant pulmonary immune response of obese mice to periodontal infection. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:991-1000. [PMID: 36060644 PMCID: PMC9386611 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and periodontitis constitute mutual risk factors in respiratory disorders; this study aimed to explore the pulmonary immune response to periodontal infection using combined animal models with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Thirty-two C57 BL/6J mice were randomly divided into low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet groups and fed an LF diet as a control or an HF diet to induce obesity. The 30-week mice in the diet group were divided into periodontal ligation group (10 days using Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277) or sham-ligation group. The expressions of the macrophage-specific maker (F4/80), macrophage chemotactic protein1 (MCP1), and inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues were analyzed. The mRNA and protein levels of F4/80, MCP1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 expressions were significantly upregulated by obesity in lung tissues. However, the mRNA and protein levels of F4/80, MCP1, and IL-6 were downregulated by periodontitis in DIO mice relative to that of the HF control group. Periodontitis increased tumor necrosis factor-α level of lung tissues under LF, while IL-10 was not affected by obesity regardless of periodontitis. Periodontitis may aggravate pulmonary immune response in obese rodents. This may relate to the imbalance of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine status of lung lesions, which tends to attenuate the infiltration of alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongying Xuan
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Key laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, 195A, Dongfeng West Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jincai Zhang
- Southern Medical University, No. 1023-1063, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Gao J, Cai S, Wang Z, Li D, Ou M, Zhang X, Tian Z. The optimization of ligature/bone defect-induced periodontitis model in rats. Odontology 2022; 110:697-709. [PMID: 35654915 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00715-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The destruction of alveolar bone is a crucial manifestation of severe chronic periodontitis, which stem cell-based bioengineered therapies are expected to cure. Therefore, a cost-effective, reproducible, quantifiability and easier to administrate animal model that mimics human periodontitis is of great importance for further endeavor. In this study, we created periodontitis rat models in silk ligation group, bone defect group and bone defect/silk ligation group, respectively. Obvious periodontal inflammation but slight alveolar bone resorption was observed in the ligation group, while surgical trauma was not robust enough to continually worsen the constructed bone defect area in the bone defect group. In the bone defect/ligature group, significant and stable periodontal inflammation was the most enduring with similar evolving pathological patterns of human periodontitis. It also exhibited enhanced clinical similarity and confirmed its superiority in quantitativeness. The present rat model is the first study to reproduce a pathological process similar to human periodontitis with reliable stability and repeatability, manifesting a priority to previous methods. Day 9-12 is the best time for reproducing severe periodontitis syndromes with vertical bone resorption in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shatainan Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Simin Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shatainan Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shatainan Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shatainan Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Minyi Ou
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shatainan Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinlu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhihui Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shatainan Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Cortelli SC, Máximo PDM, Peralta FS, Silva RAD, Rovai ES, Costa FO, Aquino DR, Rodrigues E, Cortelli JR. Salivary nitrite and systemic biomarkers in obese individuals with periodontitis submitted to FMD. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:27-36. [PMID: 34614058 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202103782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this 9-month clinical study is to assess the impact of one-stage full-mouth disinfection (FMD) on salivary nitrite levels and systemic biomarkers and its correlation with total subgingival bacterial load in obese and non-obese patients with periodontitis. In total, 94 patients (55 obese and 39 non-obese) were initially evaluated, seven were lost during follow-up, resulting in 87 individuals at the end of the study. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months post periodontal treatment by FMD. Salivary nitrite levels were determined using Griess reagent. Blood samples were collected to determine C-Reactive Protein (CRP), alkaline phosphatase and fasting blood glucose. Real-time PCR was used to determine the total subgingival bacterial load. FMD protocol resulted in increased salivary nitrite levels at 6- and 9-months post-treatment in the non-obese group (p<0.05). In obese individuals, FMD treatment led to an increase in salivary nitrite levels at 6 months (p<0.05); however, at 9 months, the nitrite levels returned to baseline levels. For both groups, the highest nitrite values were observed at 6 months. In addition, in both groups, FMD was associated with a decrease in biomarkers related to systemic inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, such as CRP (p<0.05) and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.05), and had no impact on the fasting blood glucose. This study demonstrates that obese patients with periodontitis present similar salivary nitrite levels when compared with non-obese individuals. FMD protocol resulted in increases in salivary nitrite levels and was associated with a positive impact on systemic biomarkers, regardless of obesity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila C Cortelli
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Macedo Máximo
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Peralta
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Augusto da Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuel S Rovai
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando O Costa
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Davi R Aquino
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edson Rodrigues
- Institute of Bioscience, Biochemistry Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose R Cortelli
- Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lin P, Niimi H, Ohsugi Y, Tsuchiya Y, Shimohira T, Komatsu K, Liu A, Shiba T, Aoki A, Iwata T, Katagiri S. Application of Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Mice to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168900. [PMID: 34445604 PMCID: PMC8396362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of the periodontium. In the last decade, a new murine model of periodontitis has been widely used to simulate alveolar bone resorption and periodontal soft tissue destruction by ligation. Typically, 3-0 to 9-0 silks are selected for ligation around the molars in mice, and significant bone loss and inflammatory infiltration are observed within a week. The ligature-maintained period can vary according to specific aims. We reviewed the findings on the interaction of systemic diseases with periodontitis, periodontal tissue destruction, the immunological and bacteriological responses, and new treatments. In these studies, the activation of osteoclasts, upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, and excessive immune response have been considered as major factors in periodontal disruption. Multiple genes identified in periodontal tissues partly reflect the complexity of the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The effects of novel treatment methods on periodontitis have also been evaluated in a ligature-induced periodontitis model in mice. This model cannot completely represent all aspects of periodontitis in humans but is considered an effective method for the exploration of its mechanisms. Through this review, we aimed to provide evidence and enlightenment for future studies planning to use this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiya Lin
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiromi Niimi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-3-5803-5488 (H.N. & Y.O.)
| | - Yujin Ohsugi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (Y.O.); Tel.: +81-3-5803-5488 (H.N. & Y.O.)
| | - Yosuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimohira
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Keiji Komatsu
- Department of Lifetime Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
| | - Anhao Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Akira Aoki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8549, Japan; (P.L.); (Y.T.); (T.S.); (A.L.); (T.S.); (A.A.); (T.I.); (S.K.)
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Chen ZY, Xu TT, Liang ZJ, Zhao L, Xiong XQ, Xie KK, Yu WX, Zeng XW, Gao J, Zhou YH, Luo G, Yu T. Untargeted and targeted gingival metabolome in rodents reveal metabolic links between high-fat diet-induced obesity and periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1137-1148. [PMID: 33998036 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize gingival metabolome in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice with/without periodontitis. METHODS HFD-induced obesity mouse model was established by 16-week feeding, and a lean control group was fed with low-fat diet (n = 21/group). Both models were induced for periodontitis on the left sides by molar ligation for 10 days, whereas the right sides were used as controls. Gingival metabolome and arginine metabolism were analysed by non-targeted/targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of 2247 reference features, presence of periodontitis altered 165 in lean versus 885 in HFD mice; and HFD altered 525 in absence versus 1435 in presence of periodontitis. Compared with healthy condition, periodontitis and HFD had distinct effects on gingival metabolome. Metabolomic impacts of periodontitis were generally greater in HFD mice versus lean controls. K-medoids clustering showed that HFD amplified the impacts of periodontitis on gingival metabolome in both intensity and extensity. Ten metabolic pathways were enriched, including 2 specific to periodontitis, 5 specific to HFD and 3 shared ones. Targeted validation on arginine metabolism confirmed the additive effects between HFD and periodontitis. CONCLUSION The obese population consuming excessive HFD display amplified metabolic response to periodontitis, presenting a metabolic susceptibility to exacerbated periodontal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yun Chen
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian-Tian Xu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao-Jia Liang
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Xiong
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kun-Ke Xie
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan-Xin Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Hong Zhou
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Queensland University of Technology, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Periodontics, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Li L, Bao J, Chang Y, Wang M, Chen B, Yan F. Gut Microbiota May Mediate the Influence of Periodontitis on Prediabetes. J Dent Res 2021; 100:1387-1396. [PMID: 33899584 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211009449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that periodontitis is associated with diabetes. However, a causal relationship remains to be determined. Recent studies reported that periodontitis may be associated with gut microbiota, which plays an important role in the development of diabetes. Therefore, we hypothesized that gut microbiota might mediate the link between periodontitis and diabetes. Periodontitis was induced by ligatures. Glycemic homeostasis was evaluated through fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Micro-computed tomography and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate periodontal destruction. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics. Serum endotoxin, interleukin (IL) 6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-1β were measured to evaluate the systemic inflammation burden. We found that the levels of FBG, HbA1c, and glucose intolerance were higher in the periodontitis (PD) group than in the control (Con) group (P < 0.05). When periodontitis was eliminated, the FBG significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Several butyrate-producing bacteria were decreased in the gut microbiota of the PD group, including Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Eubacterium_fissicatena_group, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 (P < 0.05), which were negatively correlated with serum HbA1c (P < 0.05). Subsequently, the gut microbiota was depleted using antibiotics or transplanted through cohousing. Compared with the PD group, the levels of HbA1c and glucose intolerance were decreased in the gut microbiota-depleted mice with periodontitis (PD + Abx) (P < 0.05), as well as the serum levels of endotoxin and IL-6 (P < 0.05). The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the PD + Abx group were higher than those of the Con group (P < 0.05). Antibiotics exerted a limited impact on the periodontal microbiota. When the PD mice were cohoused with healthy ones, the elevated FBG and HbA1c significantly recovered (P < 0.05), as well as the aforementioned butyrate producers (P < 0.05). Thus, within the limitations of this study, our data indicated that the gut microbiota may mediate the influence of periodontitis on prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Bao
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Chang
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Stomatological Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - M Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Yan
- Department of Periodontology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Central laboratory of Stomatology, Nangjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Aberrant Periodontal and Systemic Immune Response of Overweight Rodents to Periodontal Infection. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9042542. [PMID: 30719451 PMCID: PMC6335672 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9042542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore periodontal and systemic immune response of overweight hosts to periodontitis. Forty C57 BL/6J male mice were divided into high (HF) or low fat (LF) diet groups and fed with the two diets, respectively, for 8 weeks. Each diet group was then divided into periodontitis (P) or control (C) groups (n = 10 per group) for 10-day ligation or sham-ligation. Overweight-related parameters including body weight were measured. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) was morphometrically analyzed and periodontal osteoclasts were stained. Periodontal immune response including leukocyte and macrophage number and inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by histology and quantitative PCR. Serum cytokine and lipid levels were quantified using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and biochemistry. It was found that HF group had 14.4% body weight gain compared with LF group (P < 0.01). ABL and periodontal osteoclast, leukocyte, and macrophage number were higher in P group than C group regardless of diet (P < 0.05). ABL and periodontal osteoclast number were not affected by diet regardless of ligation or sham-ligation. Leukocyte and macrophage number and protein level of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in periodontium and serum interleukin-6 level were downregulated by HF diet in periodontitis mice (P < 0.05). Periodontal protein level of TNF-α was highly correlated with serum interleukin-6 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.01). These findings indicated that impaired immune response occurs both periodontally and systemically in preobesity overweight individuals. Given a well-reported exacerbating effect of obesity on periodontitis, overweight, if let uncontrolled, might place the individuals at potential risk for future periodontal tissue damage.
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Yu T, Zhao L, Zhang JC, Xuan DY. [Impacts of periodontitis on visceral organ weight and weight percentage in obese mice]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2018; 36:514-520. [PMID: 30465345 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the impacts of periodontitis on the visceral weight and weight percentage of obese animal models. METHODS A total of 64 C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following diet groups: high-fat diet (HFD) group (n=36), which was fed with high-fat diet to induce obesity, and low-fat diet (LFD) group (n=28), which was fed with low-fat diet as the control. After 16 weeks on diet, each diet group was divided into periodontitis (P) and control (C) groups. The P groups were induced for periodontitis by ligation with Porphyromonas gingivalis-adhered silk for 5 or 10 days, and the C groups were sham-ligated as the control. Visceral organs were resected and weighed. The organ weight percentage was calculated. RESULTS Compared with the LFD group, the HFD group significantly upregulated the weight and weight percentage of visceral adipose tissue and spleen (P<0.05), upregulated the weight of liver and kidney (P<0.05), and downregulated the weight percentage of liver and kidney (P<0.01). In the HFD group, the weight and weight percentage of spleen were downregulated in the P group (P<0.05), but were upregulated in the 10-day group compared with the 5-day group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis can affect the general morphology of the viscera (especially spleen) in obese animal models. Pathological indications in terms of immunometabolism might be present in the correlation between obesity and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Dept. of Periodontology, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Guangzhou 510140, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jin-Cai Zhang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Dong-Ying Xuan
- Dept. of Periodontology, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, China
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