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Özkartal T, Demarchi A, Conte G, Pongan D, Klersy C, Caputo ML, Bergonti M, Bernasconi E, Gaia V, Granger CB, Auricchio A. Cardiac implantable electronic devices and bloodstream infections: management and outcomes. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:1269-1277. [PMID: 38546408 PMCID: PMC10998729 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Bloodstream infection (BSI) of any cause may lead to device infection in cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) patients. Aiming for a better understanding of the diagnostic approach, treatment, and outcome, patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator (CRT-D) hospitalized with BSI were investigated. METHODS This is a single-centre, retrospective, cohort analysis including consecutive ICD/CRT-D patients implanted between 2012 and 2021. These patients were screened against a list of all hospitalized patients having positive blood cultures consistent with diagnosed infection in any department of a local public hospital. RESULTS The total cohort consisted of 515 patients. Over a median follow-up of 59 months (interquartile range 31-87 months), there were 47 BSI episodes in 36 patients. The majority of patients with BSI (92%) was admitted to non-cardiology units, and in 25 episodes (53%), no cardiac imaging was performed. Nearly all patients (85%) were treated with short-term antibiotics, whereas chronic antibiotic suppression therapy (n = 4) and system extraction (n = 3) were less frequent. Patients with BSI had a nearly seven-fold higher rate (hazard ratio 6.7, 95% confidence interval 3.9-11.2; P < .001) of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic workup of defibrillator patients with BSI admitted to a non-cardiology unit is often insufficient to characterize lead-related endocarditis. The high mortality rate in these patients with BSI may relate to underdiagnosis and consequently late/absence of system removal. Efforts to increase an interdisciplinary approach and greater use of cardiac imaging are necessary for timely diagnosis and adequate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tardu Özkartal
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Demarchi
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Conte
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Damiano Pongan
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Biostatistics and Clinical Trial Center, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luce Caputo
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bergonti
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
- Internal Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Gaia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christopher B Granger
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angelo Auricchio
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
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Burke EM, Brown CL, Kamenske J, Burke MC. Basal cell carcinoma overlying a pacemaker pocket in a pacemaker-dependent patient: Management and course. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2024; 10:276-279. [PMID: 38766608 PMCID: PMC11096418 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edward M. Burke
- Rory Childers Electrocardiology Lab, CorVita Science Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carrie L. Brown
- Rory Childers Electrocardiology Lab, CorVita Science Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jack Kamenske
- Rory Childers Electrocardiology Lab, CorVita Science Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Martin C. Burke
- Rory Childers Electrocardiology Lab, CorVita Science Foundation, Chicago, Illinois
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Karaca B, Esin FK, Özdemir E, Tiryaki MM, Özdemir S, Kırış T. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Predicting Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections. Angiology 2024; 75:15-21. [PMID: 36373263 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221139715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in predicting the development of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) infections. A retrospective analysis was performed using the medical records of 2185 patients who underwent CIED (including de novo, revision, or upgrade) implantation at our institution from January 2012 to December 2019. We recorded CIED infections and risk factors according to the patient, device, and procedural characteristics during the median 28.7 months (6.2-56.8) follow-up. CIED infections were identified in 52 patients. Diabetes, chronic renal disease, SII before implantation, new cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantation, CRT-battery replacement, revision or upgrade, and the number of previous procedures were independent predictors of CIED infections. The area under the curve (AUC) of SII to predict CIED infection was .733 (95% CI: .654-.811). A raised SII may be a useful predictor of CIED infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Karaca
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kayaaltı Esin
- Department of Cardiology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Özdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Mücahit Tiryaki
- Department of Cardiology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selin Özdemir
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Kırış
- Department of Cardiology, Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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Khurana S, Das S, Frishman WH, Aronow WS, Frenkel D. Lead Extraction-Indications, Procedure, and Future Directions. Cardiol Rev 2023:00045415-990000000-00152. [PMID: 37729602 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation has steadily increased in the United States owing to increased life expectancy, better access to health care, and the adoption of updated guidelines. Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is an invasive technique for the removal of CIED devices, and the most common indications include device infections, lead failures, and venous occlusion. Although in-hospital and procedure-related deaths for patients undergoing TLE are low, the long-term mortality remains high with 10-year survival reported close to 50% after TLE. This is likely demonstrative of the increased burden of comorbidities with aging. There are guidelines provided by various professional societies, including the Heart Rhythm Society, regarding indications for lead extraction and management of these patients. In this paper, we will review the indications for CIED extraction, procedural considerations, and management of these patients based upon the latest guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Khurana
- From the Department of Internal medicine, MedStar Union Memorial hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | - Subrat Das
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - William H Frishman
- Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, NY
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
| | - Daniel Frenkel
- Department of Cardiology, New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY
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Edlinger C, Bannehr M, Georgi C, Reiners D, Lichtenauer M, Haase-Fielitz A, Butter C. Which Factors Influence the Immensely Fluctuating CRT Implantation Rates in Europe? A Mixed Methods Approach Using Qualitative Content Analysis Based on Expert Interviews. J Clin Med 2023; 12:2099. [PMID: 36983101 PMCID: PMC10058506 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is nowadays an indispensable treatment option for heart failure. Although the indication is subject to clear cross-national guidelines by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), there is immense variation in the number of implantations per 100,000 inhabitants in Europe, especially in German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria and Switzerland). The aim of the present study was to identify possible factors for these differences using a qualitative research approach. (2) Methods: Semi-standardized interviews were conducted with 11 experts in the field of CRT therapy (3 experts from Germany, 4 from Austria and 4 from Switzerland) using a pre-prepared interview template and analysed according to Mayring's qualitative content analysis. (3) Results: The main factors identified were the costs of purchasing the devices and the financing systems of the respective healthcare systems, although cost pressure still seems to play a subordinate role in the German-speaking countries. Moreover, "lack of implementation of ESC guidelines", "insufficient training" and "lack of medical infrastructure" could be excluded as potential reasons. (4) Conclusions: Economic factors, but not a lack of adherence to ESC guidelines, seem to have a major influence on the fluctuating implantation figures in German-speaking countries, according to the unanimous assessment of renowned experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Edlinger
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, 16321 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) “Theodor Fontane”, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marwin Bannehr
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, 16321 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) “Theodor Fontane”, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Christian Georgi
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, 16321 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) “Theodor Fontane”, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - David Reiners
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, 16321 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) “Theodor Fontane”, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja Haase-Fielitz
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, 16321 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) “Theodor Fontane”, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, 16321 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) “Theodor Fontane”, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
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Successful Clindamycin Therapy of an Infected Subcutaneous Permanent Pacing Lead in a Dog after a Failed Course with Potentiated Amoxicillin and Enrofloxacin. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020093. [PMID: 36851397 PMCID: PMC9964686 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Though permanent pacemaker implantation is the only effective therapy for certain bradyarrhythmias in dogs, it is not without risks. Bacterial infection of the device is one of the most common complications. Human guidelines recommend besides systemic antibiotics, surgical explantation of the pacing lead and pulse generator in case of device-infection. This report describes a 13.5-year-old dog that received a transvenous endocardial permanent pacemaker because of syncopal episodes resulting from paroxysmal third-degree atrio-ventricular block. Five days after an uneventful surgery, a painful swelling appeared around the subcutaneous part of the lead where this was inserted into the jugular vein. A 4-week course of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combined with enrofloxacin failed to clear the infection on long-term. Ultrasound-guided puncture of the abscess was performed to gain a sample for bacterial culture and antibiogram. Oral clindamycin of 4 weeks' duration successfully resolved the infection with Staphylococcus aureus without having to explant the device. Repeated ultrasonographic examinations and fine-needle aspiration biopsies were used to evaluate for persistent local inflammation, guiding the length of the antibiotic therapy. Though the described approach has traditionally been ill-advised because of the risk of introducing bacteria and damaging the pacemaker lead, it was successful in our case.
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Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Infection Assessment, Diagnosis and Management: A Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11195898. [PMID: 36233765 PMCID: PMC9570622 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of increasingly complex cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has increased exponentially in recent years. One of the most serious complications in terms of mortality, morbidity and financial burden is represented by infections involving these devices. They may affect only the generator pocket or be generalised with lead-related endocarditis. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been identified and they can be associated with patient or procedure characteristics or with the type of CIED. Pocket and systemic infections require a precise evaluation and a specialised treatment which in most cases involves the removal of all the components of the device and a personalised antimicrobial therapy. CIED retention is usually limited to cases where infection is unlikely or is limited to the skin incision site. Optimal re-implantation timing depends on the type of infection and on the results of microbiological tests. Preventive strategies, in the end, include antibiotic prophylaxis before CIED implantation, the possibility to use antibacterial envelopes and the prevention of hematomas. The aim of this review is to investigate the pathogenesis, stratification, diagnostic tools and management of CIED infections.
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Bannehr M, Reiners D, Lichtenauer M, Kopp K, Jirak P, Georgi C, Butter C, Edlinger C. Impact of socioeconomic aspects on cardiac implantable electronic device treatment and application of the EHRA guidelines : A European comparison. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2022; 134:646-653. [PMID: 35916927 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) have become an indispensable part in everyday clinical practice in cardiology. The indications for CIED implantation are based on the guidelines of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Nevertheless, numbers of CIED implantations in Europe are subject to considerable differences. We hypothesized that reimbursements linked to the respective health systems may influence implantation behavior. METHODS Based on the EHRA White Book 2017, CIED implantation data as well as socioeconomic key figures were collected, in particular gross domestic product (GDP) and share of gross domestic product spent on healthcare. Implantation numbers for pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators and cardiac resynchronization treatment as well as all in total were assessed, compared with the health care expenditures and visualized using heat maps. RESULTS Total implantation numbers per 100,000 inhabitants varied from 196.53 (Germany) to 2.81 (Kosovo). Higher implantation numbers correlated moderately with a higher GDP (r = 0.456, p 0.002) and higher health expenditure (r = 0.586, p < 0.001). The annual financial resources per inhabitant were also subject to fluctuations ranging from 9476 $ (Switzerland) to 140 $ (Ukraine); however, there were countries with high financial means, such as Switzerland or Scandinavian countries, which showed significantly lower implantation rates. CONCLUSION There were considerable differences in CIED implantations in Europe. These seem to be explained in part by socioeconomic disparities within Europe. Also, a potential influence by the respective remuneration system is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwin Bannehr
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, Ladeburger Str. 17, 16321, Bernau, Germany
- Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) "Theodor Fontane", Neuruppin, Germany
| | - David Reiners
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, Ladeburger Str. 17, 16321, Bernau, Germany
- Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) "Theodor Fontane", Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kristen Kopp
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Jirak
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Georgi
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, Ladeburger Str. 17, 16321, Bernau, Germany
- Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) "Theodor Fontane", Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, Ladeburger Str. 17, 16321, Bernau, Germany
- Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) "Theodor Fontane", Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Christoph Edlinger
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg, Ladeburger Str. 17, 16321, Bernau, Germany.
- Brandenburg Medical School (MHB) "Theodor Fontane", Neuruppin, Germany.
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
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Polikandrioti M. Patient Perceptions and Quality of Life in Pacemaker Recipients. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2021; 12:4769-4779. [PMID: 34858671 PMCID: PMC8631370 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2021.121103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quality of life (QoL) reflects the multidimensional impact of a clinical condition and its treatment on patients’ daily lives. Although permanent cardiac pacemakers (PPMs) have made a significant contribution to the improvement of patients’ QoL, patients’ perceptions remain crucial after implantation. Hence, the present study was carried out to explore the QoL and the associated perceptions of PPM patients. A total of 150 PPM patients were enrolled. Data were collected using the Short Form–36 (SF-36) health survey, which also included patients’ characteristics. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. The physical health score as measured by SF-36 was 42.9 ± 19.5 points, and the mental health score was 54.1 ± 26.6 points. Study participants had higher scores in emotional well-being (66.5 ± 18.8 points), and the lowest scores were in physical functioning (22.5 ± 10.7 points). The level of information about PPM was associated with physical role (p = 0.005), emotional role (p = 0.004), emotional well-being (p = 0.001), social functioning (p = 0.002), and general health (p = 0.001). Attendance at follow-up was associated with physical role (p = 0.015), emotional role (p = 0.014), social functioning (p = 0.003), and general health (p = 0.016). The belief that the device prevents disease deterioration was associated with physical role (p = 0.005), emotional role (p = 0.001), energy/fatigue (p = 0.010), emotional well-being (p = 0.004), social functioning (p = 0.001), pain (p = 0.005), and general health (p = 0.001). Dependency on the device was associated with energy/fatigue (p = 0.006), emotional well-being (p = 0.001), and social functioning (p = 0.002). Social difficulties due to the device were associated with emotional well-being (p = 0.001), social functioning (p = 0.001), pain (p = 0.001), and general health (p = 0.004). Family support was associated with emotional role (p = 0.023) and general health (p = 0.036), while pain was associated with information about the family (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the present findings regarding factors associated with QoL provide key opportunities for interventions aimed at facilitating positive adjustments after PPM implantation.
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Callahan TD, Tarakji KG, Wilkoff BL. Antibiotic eluting envelopes: evidence, technology, and defining high-risk populations. Europace 2021; 23:iv28-iv32. [PMID: 34160597 PMCID: PMC8221048 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) are effective and important components of modern cardiovascular care. Despite the dramatic improvements in the functionality and reliability of these devices, over time patients are at risk for developing several morbidities, the most feared of which are local and systemic infections. Despite significant financial investment and aggressive therapy with hospitalization, intravenous antibiotics, and transvenous lead extraction, the outcomes include a 1-year mortality rate as high as 25%. This risk of infection has increased over time, likely due to the increased complexity of the surgical interventions required to insert and replace these devices. The only way to reduce this morbidity and mortality is to prevent these infections, and other than preoperative antibiotics, there were little data supporting effective therapy until the WRAP-IT trial provided randomized data showing that pocket infections can be reduced by 60% at 12 months and major CIED infections reduced by 40% at 1 year with the use of the absorbable antibiotic eluting envelope in patient CIED procedures at high risk of infection. Not all CIED procedures are at high risk of infection and justify the use of the envelope, but cost-effectiveness data support the use of the antibiotic envelope particularly in patients with defibrillator replacements, revisions, and upgrades, such as to a resynchronization device and in patients with prior CIED infection, history of immunocompromise, two or more prior procedures, or a history of renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Callahan
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue, J2-2 Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Khaldoun G Tarakji
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue, J2-2 Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bruce L Wilkoff
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic 9500 Euclid Avenue, J2-2 Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Albano M, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, Karau MJ, Mandrekar JN, Patel R. Anti-biofilm activity of antibiotic-loaded Hylomate®. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2021; 34:100801. [PMID: 34159252 PMCID: PMC8203729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Antibiotic envelopes are being developed for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) wrapping to reduce the risk of infections. Methods Fifteen CIED infection-associated bacterial isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes were used to assess in vitro biofilm formation on Hylomate® compared to titanium, silicone and polyurethane coupons pre-treated with vancomycin (400 µg/ml), bacitracin (1000 U/ml) or a combination of rifampin (80 µg/ml) plus minocycline (50 µg/ml). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to visualize bacteria on Hylomate®. Results There was significantly less (p < 0.05) S. aureus and S. epidermidis on Hylomate® pre-treated with vancomycin, bacitracin or rifampin plus minocycline after 24 h of incubation (≤1.00 log10 CFU/cm2) compared with titanium, silicone or polyurethane pre-treated with vancomycin, bacitracin or rifampin plus minocycline. C. acnes biofilms were not detected (≤1.00 log10 CFU/cm2) on pre-treated Hylomate® coupons. Conclusions This study showed that Hylomate® coupons pre-treated with antibiotics reduced staphylococcal and C. acnes biofilm formation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Albano
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kerryl E Greenwood-Quaintance
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Melissa J Karau
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jayawant N Mandrekar
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Raj A, Singh AP, Nath RK, Pandit N, Aggarwal P, Thakur AK, Bharadwaj R, Kumar V. Six months clinical outcome comparison between quadripolar and bipolar left ventricular leads in cardiac resynchronization therapy: A prospective, non-randomized, single-centre observational study. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2021; 21:162-168. [PMID: 33636279 PMCID: PMC8116790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Quadripolar left ventricular (LV) leads in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) offer multi-vector pacing with different pacing configurations and hence enabling LV pacing at most suitable site with better lead stability. We aim to compare the outcomes between quadripolar and bipolar LV lead in patients receiving CRT. Methods In this prospective, non-randomized, single-center observational study, we enrolled 93 patients receiving CRT with bipolar (BiP) (n = 31) and quadripolar (Quad) (n = 62) LV lead between August 2016 to August 2019. Patients were followed for six months, and outcomes were compared with respect to CRT response (defined as ≥5% absolute increase in left ventricle ejection fraction), electrocardiographic, echocardiographic parameters, NYHA functional class improvement, and incidence of LV lead-related complication. Results At the end of six months follow up, CRT with quadripolar lead was associated with better response rate as compared to bipolar pacing (85.48% vs 64.51%; p = 0.03), lesser heart failure (HF) hospitalization events (1.5 vs 2; p = 0.04) and better improvement in HF symptoms (patients with ≥1 NYHA improvement 87.09% vs 67.74%; p = 0.04). There were fewer deaths per 100 patient-year (6.45 vs 9.37; p = 0.04) and more narrowing of QRS duration (Δ12.56 ± 3.11 ms vs Δ7.29 ± 1.87 ms; p = 0.04) with quadripolar lead use. Lead related complications were significantly more with the use of bipolar lead (74.19% vs 41.94%; p = 0.02). Conclusions Our prospective, non-randomized, single-center observational study reveals that patients receiving CRT with quadripolar leads have a better response to therapy, lesser heart failure hospitalizations, lower all-cause mortality, and fewer lead-related complications, proving its superiority over the bipolar lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Raj
- Department of Cardiology, ABVIMS & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Cardiology, ABVIMS & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ranjit Kumar Nath
- Department of Cardiology, ABVIMS & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Pandit
- Department of Cardiology, ABVIMS & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Aggarwal
- Department of Cardiology, ABVIMS & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Thakur
- Department of Cardiology, ABVIMS & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Bharadwaj
- Department of Cardiology, ABVIMS & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Cardiology, ABVIMS & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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