ADDITIVE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF 3-HYDROXYPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AND HUMAN ERYTHROPOETIN ANALOGUE ON A HEMORRHAGIC STROKE MODEL IN RATS

Ethoxidol as a Broad-spectrum Adaptogen

BACKGROUND

Stress factors lead to a shift in the antioxidant-prooxidant relationship, allowing an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria, which results in the development of oxidative stress. Consequently, it is possible to put forward an assumption that drugs which reduce the excessive generation of ROS by these organelles should increase the body's resistance to stress factors. Antioxidants can be used as such drugs. In this regard, the aim of this work was to study the bioenergetics characteristic of mitochondria under stress conditions and under the action of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridinium hydroxybutanedioate (ethoxidol).

METHODS

The antiradical activity of the drug was evaluated by the chemiluminescent method (CL). The functional state of the mitochondria was studied with reference to the level of lipid peroxidation by the spectrofluorimetry and in terms of fatty acid composition of mitochondrial membranes using the chromatography technique. The study of mitochondrial morphology was performed employing the method of atomic force microscopy.

RESULTS

The injection in mice of ethoxidol at a dose of 10^-5 mol/kg for 7 days led to the prevention of the stress-induced increase in the intensity of LPO in the membranes of the mitochondria, and swelling of these organelles; it also prevented a decrease in the content of unsaturated fatty acids, containing 18 and 20 carbon atoms. At the same time, ethoxidol increased the life expectancy of mice by 3.0-4.2 times in conditions of various types of hypoxia.

CONCLUSION

The adaptogenic properties of ethoxidol can be attributed to its antiradical and antioxidant properties.

Experimental study of new derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine as pharmacological agents for the correction of ischemic brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage

Introduction: Limiting the action of secondary injury factors can improve the prognosis in acute cerebral accidents. The aim of the investigation is to study the neuroprotective effects of 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives.

Materials and methods: The study was performed in Wistar rats. An intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model was used. The animals were once administered intraperitoneally with the test drugs 1 hour before the surgery and on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd days. The registration of behaviors and condition of the animals on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 and the morphological examination of the brain were performed.

Results and discussion: The use of the substances LKhT 4-97 and LKhT 11-02 in the treatment of experimental ICH had a positive effect on the survival rate of the animals and on the resolution rate of pathological signs (p<0.05). Clinical observations were confirmed by the results of analysis of the S100b brain damage marker and morphometry. The efficacy of LKhT 3-15 was largely comparable to that of the reference drug Mexidol. The efficacy of LKhT 01-09 was significantly inferior to that of the reference drug Mexidol. Differences in the neuroprotective effects of the studied substances are related to the metabolism of their various pharmacophores. A hypothetical mechanism for the induction of their neuroprotective effects has been proposed.

Conclusion: Three of the four 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives under study have a neuroprotective effect, which is manifested in a more rapid resolution of pathological symptoms and less pronounced signs of neurodegeneration.