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Nopiyani NMS, Januraga PP, Wirawan IMA, Bakta IM. Comprehensive Travel Health Education for Tour Guides: Protocol for an Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Research. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e33840. [PMID: 35604754 PMCID: PMC9171602 DOI: 10.2196/33840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Tourists are at risk of experiencing health problems during their travel. However, even though tour guides have the potential to become travel health promoters, their participation has not been optimal.
Objective
This study aims to develop a comprehensive travel health education model to help tour guides improve health information delivery to tourists.
Methods
This is an exploratory sequential mixed methods research. The first phase consisted of a qualitative study with an informed grounded theory design. In-depth interviews were carried out with tour guides from all language divisions and policymakers of the Indonesian Tour Guide Association Bali Branch or Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia Daerah Bali (HPI Bali). The interview guidelines were developed based on the theory of planned behavior and identity theory. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. In the interim phase, a travel health education model and questionnaire were developed based on the qualitative findings. The initial model and its instruments were finetuned after consultation with travel medicine and health promotion experts. Furthermore, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were tested on 30 tour guides. The second phase consisted of a quantitative study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 76 tour guides in the intervention group received comprehensive travel health education, while 76 in the control group received no specific intervention. Outcome variables (ie, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, actual behavioral control, role identity, and behavioral intention) were measured at baseline (T0), after the online training (T1), before information sharing via WhatsApp (T2), a month after the start of the WhatsApp intervention (T3), and at the end of the WhatsApp intervention (T4). The mean difference of each outcome variable before and after the intervention will be compared between the intervention and control groups. Thereafter, the quantitative and qualitative findings will be integrated into a joint display.
Results
The qualitative phase was conducted through in-depth interviews with 21 informants who included tour guides and policymakers from HPI Bali from May to June 2021. The education model, educational materials, and questionnaire were developed based on the qualitative findings and consultation with experts. The education model consists of online training and information sharing through WhatsApp and was trialed with tour guides from November 2021 to February 2022. As of April 2022, this study is in the quantitative data analysis stage.
Conclusions
A travel health education model was developed based on qualitative findings and consultation with experts. The model was tested with tour guides, and a series of self-administered questionnaires were completed. This study is in the quantitative data analysis stage and will continue by integrating qualitative and quantitative findings into a joint display.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04961983; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04961983
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Made Sri Nopiyani
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Pande Putu Januraga
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - I Md Ady Wirawan
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - I Made Bakta
- Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
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Nascimento GM, Sartori AMC, Lopes MH, Medeiros CR, Lara AN. The role of travel agents in travel medicine-a study with agencies from São Paulo, Brazil. J Travel Med 2020; 27:5719612. [PMID: 32010950 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A survey in São Paulo, Brazil, assessed travel agents’ knowledge on travellers’ health. Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Of 200 agencies contacted, 32 answered (34 agents). Most consultants reported discussing personal safety, health insurance and vaccination. Few provided information on water and food diseases or sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna M Nascimento
- Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Ana M C Sartori
- Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Marta H Lopes
- Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | | | - Amanda N Lara
- Universidade de São Paulo Hospital das Clínicas, Centro de Referência para Imunobiológicos Especiais e Ambulatório dos Viajantes, Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, São Paulo, SP, BR
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Liew CH, Flaherty GT. Experiences and Attitudes of International Travelers with Cardiovascular Disease: A Qualitative Analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:689-697. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Hwui Liew
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerard Thomas Flaherty
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Galway, Ireland
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