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Monteiro BEF, da Silva ED, Bezerra GSN, Cavalcante MKDA, Pereira VRA, Castro MCAB, Mendes LG, Guedes DL, Barbosa Júnior WL, de Medeiros ZM. Evaluation of Proinflammatory Chemokines in HIV Patients with Asymptomatic Leishmania Infantum Infection. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:495. [PMID: 37999614 PMCID: PMC10675805 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic Leishmania infantum, when associated with HIV, can become severe and potentially fatal. In this co-infection, the worst prognosis may be influenced by the host's immunological aspects, which are crucial in determining susceptibility. Chemokines play an important role in this process by influencing the cellular composition at affected sites and impacting the disease's outcome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate proinflammatory chemokines in HIV patients with the asymptomatic L. infantum infection. In this cross-sectional study, the levels of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, MIG, and IP-10 were measured in 160 serum samples from co-infected patients (n = 53), patients with HIV (n = 90), and negative controls (n = 17). Quantification was determined by flow cytometry. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn's post-test and the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The chemokines CCL2, CCL5, MIG, and IP-10 exhibited higher levels in the HIV group compared to co-infection. However, the elevated levels of all these chemokines and their increased connectivity in co-infected patients appear to be important in identifying proinflammatory immune responses associated with the asymptomatic condition. Furthermore, a weak negative correlation was observed between higher levels of CXCL8 and lower viral loads in co-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Eduarda Freitas Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Health Biosciences and Biotechnology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Elis Dionísio da Silva
- Health and Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Amazonas, Coari 69460-000, AM, Brazil;
| | - Gilberto Silva Nunes Bezerra
- Department of Nursing & Healthcare, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland;
| | - Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.K.d.A.C.); (M.C.A.B.C.)
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Biosciences and Biotechnology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.K.d.A.C.); (M.C.A.B.C.)
| | - Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz Castro
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.K.d.A.C.); (M.C.A.B.C.)
- Parasitology Laboratory, Academic Center of Vitória (CAV), Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55608-680, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Lins Guedes
- Medical School, Life Sciences Center, Academic Center of Agreste, Federal University of Pernambuco, Caruaru 55014-900, PE, Brazil;
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-130, PE, Brazil
| | - Walter Lins Barbosa Júnior
- Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Zulma Maria de Medeiros
- Graduate Program in Health Biosciences and Biotechnology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
- Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-130, PE, Brazil
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Santos GDA, Sousa JM, de Aguiar AHBM, Torres KCS, Coelho AJS, Ferreira AL, Lima MIS. Systematic Review of Treatment Failure and Clinical Relapses in Leishmaniasis from a Multifactorial Perspective: Clinical Aspects, Factors Associated with the Parasite and Host. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:430. [PMID: 37755891 PMCID: PMC10534360 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8090430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Treatment options are limited, and there are frequent cases of treatment failure and clinical relapse. To understand these phenomena better, a systematic review was conducted, considering studies published between 1990 and 2021 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. The review included 64 articles divided into three categories. Case reports (26 articles) focused on treatment failure and clinical relapse in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients (47.6%), primarily affecting males (74%) and children (67%), regardless of the clinical manifestation. Experimental studies on the parasite (19 articles), particularly with L. major (25%), indicated that alterations in DNA and genic expression (44.82%) played a significant role in treatment failure and clinical relapse. Population data on the human host (19 articles) identified immunological characteristics as the most associated factor (36%) with treatment failure and clinical relapse. Each clinical manifestation of the disease presented specificities in these phenomena, suggesting a multifactorial nature. Additionally, the parasites were found to adapt to the drugs used in treatment. In summary, the systematic review revealed that treatment failure and clinical relapse in leishmaniasis are complex processes influenced by various factors, including host immunology and parasite adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Almeida Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil;
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (A.H.B.M.d.A.); (K.C.S.T.); (A.J.S.C.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Juliana Mendes Sousa
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (A.H.B.M.d.A.); (K.C.S.T.); (A.J.S.C.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Antônio Henrique Braga Martins de Aguiar
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (A.H.B.M.d.A.); (K.C.S.T.); (A.J.S.C.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Karina Cristina Silva Torres
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (A.H.B.M.d.A.); (K.C.S.T.); (A.J.S.C.); (A.L.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Ana Jessica Sousa Coelho
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (A.H.B.M.d.A.); (K.C.S.T.); (A.J.S.C.); (A.L.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
| | - André Leite Ferreira
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (A.H.B.M.d.A.); (K.C.S.T.); (A.J.S.C.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Mayara Ingrid Sousa Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil;
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; (J.M.S.); (A.H.B.M.d.A.); (K.C.S.T.); (A.J.S.C.); (A.L.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
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Galvani NC, Machado AS, Lage DP, Freitas CS, Vale DL, de Oliveira D, Ludolf F, Ramos FF, Fernandes BB, Luiz GP, Mendonça DVC, Oliveira-da-Silva JA, Reis TAR, Tavares GSV, Chaves AT, Guimarães NS, Tupinambás U, Cota GF, Humbert MV, Martins VT, Christodoulides M, Coelho EAF, Machado-de-Ávila RA. ChimLeish, a new recombinant chimeric protein evaluated as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for visceral leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:4037-4047. [PMID: 34664113 PMCID: PMC8523347 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07342-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease of global importance caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, and coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is common in countries where both diseases are endemic. In particular, widely used immunological tests for VL diagnosis have impaired sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in VL/HIV coinfected patients and there is also cross-reactivity with other endemic diseases, e.g., Chagas disease, malaria, and tuberculosis. To develop new antigens to improve the diagnosis of VL and VL/HIV coinfection, we predicted eight specific B-cell epitopes of four Leishmania infantum antigens and constructed a recombinant polypeptide chimera antigen called ChimLeish. A serological panel of 195 serum samples was used to compare the diagnostic capabilities of ChimLeish alongside the individual synthetic peptides. ChimLeish reacted with sera from all VL and VL/HIV coinfected patients [Se = 100%; Sp = 100%; area under the curve (AUC) = 1.0]. Peptides showed lower reactivities (Se = 76.8 to 99.2%; Sp = 67.1 to 95.7%; AUC between 0.87 and 0.98) as did a L. infantum antigenic preparation used as an antigen control (Se = 56.8%; Sp = 69.5%: AUC = 0.45). Notably, ChimLeish demonstrated a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of anti-ChimLeish antibodies after treatment and cure of a small number of patients. Although only a limited serological panel was tested, preliminary data suggest that ChimLeish should be evaluated in larger sample studies for the diagnosis of VL and VL/HIV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia C Galvani
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Amanda S Machado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Camila S Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Danniele L Vale
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Daysiane de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Ramos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Bruna B Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel P Luiz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
| | - Débora V C Mendonça
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - João A Oliveira-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Thiago A R Reis
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Ana T Chaves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Nathalia S Guimarães
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Unaí Tupinambás
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Gláucia F Cota
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria V Humbert
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England, UK
| | - Vívian T Martins
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, England, UK
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Laboratório de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130-100, Brazil.
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo A Machado-de-Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, 88806-000, Brazil
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da Silva ER, Come JAADSS, Brogi S, Calderone V, Chemi G, Campiani G, Oliveira TMFDS, Pham TN, Pudlo M, Girard C, Maquiaveli CDC. Cinnamides Target Leishmania amazonensis Arginase Selectively. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25225271. [PMID: 33198198 PMCID: PMC7696938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid and related natural compounds were previously described as Leishmania amazonensis arginase (L-ARG) inhibitors, and against the whole parasite in vitro. In this study, we tested cinnamides that were previously synthesized to target human arginase. The compound caffeic acid phenethyl amide (CAPA), a weak inhibitor of human arginase (IC50 = 60.3 ± 7.8 μM) was found to have 9-fold more potency against L-ARG (IC50 = 6.9 ± 0.7 μM). The other compounds that did not inhibit human arginase were characterized as L-ARG, showing an IC50 between 1.3–17.8 μM, and where the most active was compound 15 (IC50 = 1.3 ± 0.1 μM). All compounds were also tested against L. amazonensis promastigotes, and only the compound CAPA showed an inhibitory activity (IC50 = 80 μM). In addition, in an attempt to gain an insight into the mechanism of competitive L-ARG inhibitors, and their selectivity over mammalian enzymes, we performed an extensive computational investigation, to provide the basis for the selective inhibition of L-ARG for this series of compounds. In conclusion, our results indicated that the compounds based on cinnamoyl or 3,4-hydroxy cinnamoyl moiety could be a promising starting point for the design of potential antileishmanial drugs based on selective L-ARG inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Roberto da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica (LFBq), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil; (J.A.A.d.S.S.C.); (T.M.F.d.S.O.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.d.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (C.d.C.M.)
| | - Júlio Abel Alfredo dos Santos Simone Come
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica (LFBq), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil; (J.A.A.d.S.S.C.); (T.M.F.d.S.O.)
- Departamento de Pré-Clínicas, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Faculdade de Veterinária, Av. de Moçambique, Km 1.5, Maputo CP 257, Mozambique
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.R.d.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (C.d.C.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Giulia Chemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018–2022 Università degli Studi di Siena via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018–2022 Università degli Studi di Siena via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Trícia Maria Ferrreira de Sousa Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica (LFBq), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil; (J.A.A.d.S.S.C.); (T.M.F.d.S.O.)
| | - Thanh-Nhat Pham
- PEPITE EA4267, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; (T.-N.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Marc Pudlo
- PEPITE EA4267, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; (T.-N.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Corine Girard
- PEPITE EA4267, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; (T.-N.P.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.d.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (C.d.C.M.)
| | - Claudia do Carmo Maquiaveli
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Bioquímica (LFBq), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil; (J.A.A.d.S.S.C.); (T.M.F.d.S.O.)
- Correspondence: (E.R.d.S.); (S.B.); (C.G.); (C.d.C.M.)
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