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Li HX, Ma Y, Yan YX, Zhai XK, Xin MY, Wang T, Xu DC, Song YT, Song CD, Pan CX. The purified extract of steamed Panax ginseng protects cardiomyocyte from ischemic injury via caveolin-1 phosphorylation-mediating calcium influx. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:755-765. [PMID: 38107394 PMCID: PMC10721475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Caveolin-1, the scaffolding protein of cholesterol-rich invaginations, plays an important role in store-operated Ca2+ influx and its phosphorylation at Tyr14 (p-caveolin-1) is vital to mobilize protection against myocardial ischemia (MI) injury. SOCE, comprising STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1, contributes to intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) accumulation in cardiomyocytes. The purified extract of steamed Panax ginseng (EPG) attenuated [Ca2+]i overload against MI injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of EPG affecting p-caveolin-1 to further mediate SOCE/[Ca2+]i against MI injury in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and a rat model. Methods PP2, an inhibitor of p-caveolin-1, was used. Cell viability, [Ca2+]i concentration were analyzed in cardiomyocytes. In rats, myocardial infarct size, pathological damages, apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis were evaluated, p-caveolin-1 and STIM1 were detected by immunofluorescence, and the levels of caveolin-1, STIM1, ORAI1 and TRPC1 were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. And, release of LDH, cTnI and BNP was measured. Results EPG, ginsenosides accounting for 57.96%, suppressed release of LDH, cTnI and BNP, and protected cardiomyocytes by inhibiting Ca2+ influx. And, EPG significantly relieved myocardial infarct size, cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, and ultrastructure abnormality. Moreover, EPG negatively regulated SOCE via increasing p-caveolin-1 protein, decreasing ORAI1 mRNA and protein levels of ORAI1, TRPC1 and STIM1. More importantly, inhibition of the p-caveolin-1 significantly suppressed all of the above cardioprotection of EPG. Conclusions Caveolin-1 phosphorylation is involved in the protective effects of EPG against MI injury via increasing p-caveolin-1 to negatively regulate SOCE/[Ca2+]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xin-Ke Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Meng-Yu Xin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Dong-Cao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yu-Tong Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Chun-Dong Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 9 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Nutritional Compounds to Improve Post-Exercise Recovery. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235069. [PMID: 36501099 PMCID: PMC9736198 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic and mechanical stresses associated with muscle-fatiguing exercise result in perturbations to bodily tissues that lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), a state of fatigue involving oxidative stress and inflammation that is accompanied by muscle weakness, pain and a reduced ability to perform subsequent training sessions or competitions. This review collates evidence from previous research on a wide range of nutritional compounds that have the potential to speed up post-exercise recovery. We show that of the numerous compounds investigated thus far, only two-tart cherry and omega-3 fatty acids-are supported by substantial research evidence. Further studies are required to clarify the potential effects of other compounds presented here, many of which have been used since ancient times to treat conditions associated with inflammation and disease.
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Williamson EM, Liu X, Izzo AA. Trends in use, pharmacology, and clinical applications of emerging herbal nutraceuticals. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1227-1240. [PMID: 31799702 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutraceuticals market is vast, encompassing many different products with inconsistent levels of evidence available to support their use. This overview represents a Western perspective of the nutraceuticals market, with a brief comparison with that in China, as an illustration of how individual health supplements increase and decrease in popularity in regional terms. Recent changes in sales patterns, mainly taken from the US market, are summarized and a selection of five newer products, which have not been subject to extensive recent review are profiled: astaxanthin, a carotenoid found in red algae, seafood, salmon and trout, as an antioxidant; cannabidiol, a non-euphoric marijuana ingredient used as mood enhancer and for painful/inflammatory conditions; modified extracts of ginseng used in new indications including dementia and space travel; monk fruit, a non-sugar high intensity sweetener and nigella seed, a popular food ingredient and Asian medicine, which has experienced an extraordinary rise in sales recently. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Chen F, Zhu K, Chen L, Ouyang L, Chen C, Gu L, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Lin Z, Zhang Q, Shao X, Dai J, Zhao Y. Protein target identification of ginsenosides in skeletal muscle tissues: discovery of natural small-molecule activators of muscle-type creatine kinase. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:461-474. [PMID: 32372868 PMCID: PMC7195589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng effectively reduces fatigue in both animal models and clinical trials. However, the mechanism of action is not completely understood, and its molecular targets remain largely unknown. Methods By screening for proteins that interact with the primary components of ginseng (ginsenosides) in an affinity chromatography assay, we have identified muscle-type creatine kinase (CK-MM) as a potential target in skeletal muscle tissues. Results Biolayer interferometry analysis showed that ginsenoside metabolites, instead of parent ginsenosides, had direct interaction with recombinant human CK-MM. Subsequently, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), which is a ginsenoside metabolite and displayed the strongest interaction with CK-MM in the study, was selected as a representative to confirm direct binding and its biological importance. Biolayer interferometry kinetics analysis and isothermal titration calorimetry assay demonstrated that PPD specifically bound to human CK-MM. Moreover, the mutation of key amino acids predicted by molecular docking decreased the affinity between PPD and CK-MM. The direct binding activated CK-MM activity in vitro and in vivo, which increased the levels of tissue phosphocreatine and strengthened the function of the creatine kinase/phosphocreatine system in skeletal muscle, thus buffering cellular ATP, delaying exercise-induced lactate accumulation, and improving exercise performance in mice. Conclusion Our results suggest a cellular target and an initiating molecular event by which ginseng reduces fatigue. All these findings indicate PPD as a small molecular activator of CK-MM, which can help in further developing better CK-MM activators based on the dammarane-type triterpenoid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kexuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liufeng Ouyang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Laboratory of Pathological Sciences, College of Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Cuihua Chen
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Gu
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yucui Jiang
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongli Wang
- School of Nursing, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zixuan Lin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Shao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Dai
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Center, Basic Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Davis MP, Behm B. Ginseng: A Qualitative Review of Benefits for Palliative Clinicians. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2019; 36:630-659. [PMID: 30686023 DOI: 10.1177/1049909118822704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used for centuries to treat various diseases and has been commercially developed and cultivated in the past 300 years. Ginseng products may be fresh, dried (white), or dried and steamed (red). Extracts may be made using water or alcohol. There are over 50 different ginsenosides identified by chromatography. We did an informal systematic qualitative review that centered on fatigue, cancer, dementia, respiratory diseases, and heart failure, and we review 113 studies in 6 tables. There are multiple potential benefits to ginseng in cancer. Ginseng, in certain circumstances, has been shown to improve dementia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure through randomized trials. Most trials had biases or unknown biases and so most evidence is of low quality. We review the gaps in the evidence and make some recommendations regarding future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellar P Davis
- 1 Palliative Care Department, Knapper Cancer Center, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Bertrand Behm
- 1 Palliative Care Department, Knapper Cancer Center, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA
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