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Yu J, Zhou R, Liu S, Zheng J, Yan H, Su S, Chai N, Segal E, Jiang C, Guo K, Li CZ. Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Exosomal microRNA Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Anal Chem 2025; 97:5355-5371. [PMID: 40057850 PMCID: PMC11923972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
Early and precise diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) is crucial for slowing their progression and enhancing patient outcomes. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as promising biomarkers due to their ability to reflect the diseases' pathology, yet their low abundance poses significant detection hurdles. This review article delves into the burgeoning field of electrochemical biosensors, designed for the precise detection of exosomal miRNA biomarkers. Electrochemical biosensors offer a compelling solution, combining the sensitivity required to detect low-abundance biomarkers with the specificity needed to discern miRNA profiles distinctive to neural pathological states. We explore the operational principles of these biosensors, including the electrochemical transduction mechanisms that facilitate miRNA detection. The review also summarizes advancements in nanotechnology, signal enhancement, bioreceptor anchoring, and microfluidic integration that improve sensor accuracy. The evidence of their use in neurodegenerative disease diagnosis is analyzed, focusing on the clinical impact, diagnostic precision, and obstacles faced in practical applications. Their potential integration into point-of-care testing and regulatory considerations for their market entry are discussed. Looking toward the future, the article highlights forthcoming innovations that might revolutionize early diagnostic processes. Electrochemical biosensors, with their impressive sensitivity, specificity, and point-of-care compatibility, are on track to become instrumental in the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases, possibly transforming patient care and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Yu
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou 515063, China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Runzhi Zhou
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou 515063, China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jintao Zheng
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou 515063, China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Haoyang Yan
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou 515063, China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Song Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ningli Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ester Segal
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Cheng Jiang
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Keying Guo
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou 515063, China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Shantou 515063, China
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MIPS), Monash University, Parkville VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
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Chen C, Duan S, Ji J, Wu M, Yang Z, Cai M, Xue M, Wang L, Chen R, Yaron S, Guo K, Benardini S, Wang Z, Luo Y. Structured protein probes modified with selenium nanoparticle for 1-minute measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Biosens Bioelectron 2025; 268:116878. [PMID: 39499971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2024] [Revised: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/23/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024]
Abstract
Conventional point-of-care lateral flow immunoassays are characterized by an antibody-tagged probe irregular coupling that can limit sensitivity and require a long assay's time. We synthesized polyethylene glycol-modified selenium nanoparticles (PEG-SeNPs) by template method and developed a strategy to set antibody probes targeted and orderly by using PEG-SeNPs. Synthesized PEG-SeNPs with high stability could immobilize antibodies in the "stand-up" orientation, resulting in a faster detection time of less than 1 min by direct observer visualization without instruments or equipment. Results showed that SARS-CoV-2 antibody could be systematically structured on the chip, resulting in a detection limit of 10 pg/mL, significantly higher than conventional chips. The new device has been validated on 192 clinical samples and we found 100% negative coincidence, 93.94% positive coincidence, and 95.83% overall coincidence with reverse transcriptional PCR test. The orderly arrayed probe's stability allowed to detect throat swabs, saliva, serum, fingertip blood samples, and mutant strains without cross-reactivity with common respiratory viruses or pathogenic strains, demonstrating promising potential for a universal colorimetric platform for ultrafast field-deployable diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Chen
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Duan
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Ji
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengli Wu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China; Medical Laboratory Department, Zhumadian Center Hospital, Zhumadian, 463000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyang Cai
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghan Xue
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanju Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Sima Yaron
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Keying Guo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Australia; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion (MATEC), Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sergio Benardini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing General Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Zhizeng Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing General Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing General Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401147, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Laboratory Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650050, People's Republic of China.
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