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Ao K, Yin M, Lyu X, Xiao Y, Chen X, Zhong S, Wen X, Yuan J, Ye M, Zhang J, Li X, Hao Y, Guo X. METTL3-mediated HSPA9 m6A modification promotes malignant transformation and inhibits cellular senescence by regulating exosomal mortalin protein in cervical cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216658. [PMID: 38253218 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The role of RNA methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) in tumor progression when tethered to aberrantly expressed oncogenes remains unknown. In especial, the correlation between cervical cancer (CCa)-derived exosomes and m6A methylation in malignant traits of cervical epithelium is currently elusive. Mortalin expression was found to be up-regulated in plasma exosomes isolated from CCa patients. Furthermore, mortalin gained increased mRNA stability and enhanced translation efficiency via the m6A methylation in the HSPA9 mRNA 3'UTR, which was catalysed by METTL3 in CCa cells. Exosomal mortalin overexpression significantly promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of CCa both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, exosome-encapsulated mortalin suppressed cellular senescence and facilitated malignant transformation by blocking nuclear transport of p53, thereby preventing the p53-Gadd45A interaction and resulting in inactivation of p53. Our studies demonstrated the significant role of METTL3 mediated exosomal mortalin in malignant transformation and cellular senescence suppression of CCa. Exosomal mortalin could clinically serve as a potential early-diagnosis biomarker and therapeutic target for CCa given its abundance and propensity to be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyi Ao
- Department of Science and Innovation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, PR China.
| | - Minuo Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China.
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, PR China.
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Science and Innovation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, PR China.
| | - Xiaona Chen
- Department of Science and Innovation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, PR China.
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Science and Innovation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, PR China.
| | - Xiuli Wen
- Department of Ultrasound, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China.
| | - Jianli Yuan
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xiangjiang, 830000, PR China.
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Pathology, Afiliated Cancer Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xiangjiang, 830000, PR China.
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Science and Innovation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China.
| | - Yi Hao
- Department of Ultrasound, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China.
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Science and Innovation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China; The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518100, PR China.
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Nie C, Shaw I, Chen C. Application of microfluidic technology based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering in cancer biomarker detection: A review. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1429-1451. [PMID: 38223444 PMCID: PMC10785256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous discovery and research of predictive cancer-related biomarkers, liquid biopsy shows great potential in cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and microfluidic technology have received much attention among the various cancer biomarker detection methods. The former has ultrahigh detection sensitivity and can provide a unique fingerprint. In contrast, the latter has the characteristics of miniaturization and integration, which can realize accurate control of the detection samples and high-throughput detection through design. Both have the potential for point-of-care testing (POCT), and their combination (lab-on-a-chip SERS (LoC-SERS)) shows good compatibility. In this paper, the basic situation of circulating proteins, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA (miRNA) in the diagnosis of various cancers is reviewed, and the detection research of these biomarkers by the LoC-SERS platform in recent years is described in detail. At the same time, the challenges and future development of the platform are discussed at the end of the review. Summarizing the current technology is expected to provide a reference for scholars engaged in related work and interested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Nie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ibrahim Shaw
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Szatmári T, Balázs K, Csordás IB, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Effect of radiotherapy on the DNA cargo and cellular uptake mechanisms of extracellular vesicles. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1191-1213. [PMID: 37347291 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, plenty of evidence has gathered pointing to the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by irradiated cells in the development of radiation-induced non-targeted effects. EVs are complex natural structures composed of a phospholipid bilayer which are secreted by virtually all cells and carry bioactive molecules. They can travel certain distances in the body before being taken up by recipient cells. In this review we discuss the role and fate of EVs in tumor cells and highlight the importance of DNA specimens in EVs cargo in the context of radiotherapy. The effect of EVs depends on their cargo, which reflects physiological and pathological conditions of donor cell types, but also depends on the mode of EV uptake and mechanisms involved in the route of EV internalization. While the secretion and cargo of EVs from irradiated cells has been extensively studied in recent years, their uptake is much less understood. In this review, we will focus on recent knowledge regarding the EV uptake of cancer cells and the effect of radiation in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Balázs
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Barbara Csordás
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
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Chen S, Wang Z, Lu H, Yang R, Wu J. Crucial Factors Influencing the Involvement of Odontogenic Exosomes in Dental Pulp Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2632-2649. [PMID: 37578647 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in exosome based studies has revealed that they possess several advantages over cells, including "cell-free" properties, low immunogenicity and ethical controversy, high biological safety and effective action. These characteristics confer exosomes significant advantages that allow them to overcome the limitations associated with traditional "cell therapy" by circumventing the issues of immune rejection, scarcity of donor cells, heterogeneity, and ethical concerns. Identification of a complete and effective radical treatment for irreversible pulpal disease, a common clinical problem, continues to pose challenges. Although traditional root canal therapy remains the primary clinical treatment, it does not fully restore the physiological functions of pulp. Although stem cell transplantation appears to be a relatively viable treatment strategy for pulp disease, issues such as cell heterogeneity and poor regeneration effects remain problematic. Dental pulp regeneration strategies based on "cell-free" exosome therapies explored by numerous studies appear to have shown significant advantages. In particular, exosomes derived from odontogenic stem cells have demonstrated considerable potential in tooth tissue regeneration engineering, and continue to exhibit superior therapeutic effects compared to non-odontogenic stem cell-derived exosomes. However, only a few studies have comprehensively summarised their research results, particularly regarding the critical factors involved in the process. Therefore, in this study, our purpose was to review the effects exerted by odontogenic exosomes on pulp regeneration and to analyse and discus crucial factors related to this process, thereby providing scholars with a feasible and manageable new concept with respect to regeneration schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- San Chen
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongqiao Lu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Runze Yang
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Wu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology/Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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Hui J, Zhou M, An G, Zhang H, Lu Y, Wang X, Zhao X. Regulatory role of exosomes in colorectal cancer progression and potential as biomarkers. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0119. [PMID: 37553810 PMCID: PMC10476469 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains an enormous challenge to human health worldwide. Unfortunately, the mechanism underlying CRC progression is not well understood. Mounting evidence has confirmed that exosomes play a vital role in CRC progression, which has attracted extensive attention among researchers. In addition to acting as messengers between CRC cells, exosomes also participate in the CRC immunomodulatory process and reshape immune function. As stable message carriers and liquid biopsy option under development, exosomes are promising biomarkers in the diagnosis or treatment of CRC. In this review we have described and analyzed the biogenesis and release of exosomes and current research on the role of exosomes in immune regulation and metastasis of CRC. Moreover, we have discussed candidate exosomal molecules as potential biomarkers to diagnose CRC, predict CRC progression, or determine CRC chemoresistance, and described the significance of exosomes in the immunotherapy of CRC. This review provides insight to further understand the role of exosomes in CRC progression and identify valuable biomarkers that facilitate the clinical management of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Mingzhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Guangzhou An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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6
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Averbeck D. Low-Dose Non-Targeted Effects and Mitochondrial Control. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11460. [PMID: 37511215 PMCID: PMC10380638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted effects (NTE) have been generally regarded as a low-dose ionizing radiation (IR) phenomenon. Recently, regarding long distant abscopal effects have also been observed at high doses of IR) relevant to antitumor radiation therapy. IR is inducing NTE involving intracellular and extracellular signaling, which may lead to short-ranging bystander effects and distant long-ranging extracellular signaling abscopal effects. Internal and "spontaneous" cellular stress is mostly due to metabolic oxidative stress involving mitochondrial energy production (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation and/or anaerobic pathways accompanied by the leakage of O2- and other radicals from mitochondria during normal or increased cellular energy requirements or to mitochondrial dysfunction. Among external stressors, ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to very rapidly perturb mitochondrial functions, leading to increased energy supply demands and to ROS/NOS production. Depending on the dose, this affects all types of cell constituents, including DNA, RNA, amino acids, proteins, and membranes, perturbing normal inner cell organization and function, and forcing cells to reorganize the intracellular metabolism and the network of organelles. The reorganization implies intracellular cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of important proteins, activation of autophagy, and mitophagy, as well as induction of cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, and senescence. It also includes reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism as well as genetic and epigenetic control of the expression of genes and proteins in order to ensure cell and tissue survival. At low doses of IR, directly irradiated cells may already exert non-targeted effects (NTE) involving the release of molecular mediators, such as radicals, cytokines, DNA fragments, small RNAs, and proteins (sometimes in the form of extracellular vehicles or exosomes), which can induce damage of unirradiated neighboring bystander or distant (abscopal) cells as well as immune responses. Such non-targeted effects (NTE) are contributing to low-dose phenomena, such as hormesis, adaptive responses, low-dose hypersensitivity, and genomic instability, and they are also promoting suppression and/or activation of immune cells. All of these are parts of the main defense systems of cells and tissues, including IR-induced innate and adaptive immune responses. The present review is focused on the prominent role of mitochondria in these processes, which are determinants of cell survival and anti-tumor RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France
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Yang J, Teng Y. Harnessing cancer stem cell-derived exosomes to improve cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:131. [PMID: 37217932 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the key "seeds" for tumor initiation and development, metastasis, and recurrence. Because of the function of CSCs in tumor development and progression, research in this field has intensified and CSCs are viewed as a new therapeutic target. Exosomes carrying a wide range of DNA, RNA, lipids, metabolites, and cytosolic and cell-surface proteins are released outside of the originating cells through the fusion of multivesicular endosomes or multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. It has become evident that CSC-derived exosomes play a significant role in almost all "hallmarks" of cancer. For example, exosomes from CSCs can maintain a steady state of self-renewal in the tumor microenvironment and regulate microenvironmental cells or distant cells to help cancer cells escape immune surveillance and induce immune tolerance. However, the function and therapeutic value of CSC-derived exosomes and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still largely undefined. To provide an overview of the possible role of CSC-derived exosomes and targeting strategies, we summarize relevant research progress, highlight the potential impact of detecting or targeting CSC-derived exosomes on cancer treatment, and discuss opportunities and challenges based on our experience and insights in this research area. A more thorough understanding of the characteristics and function of CSC-derived exosomes may open new avenues to the development of new clinical diagnostic/prognostic tools and therapies to prevent tumor resistance and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Yang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Bhavsar SP. Recent advances in the roles of exosomal microRNAs in neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1091847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRs), universally found in biofluids, tissues, and/or conditioned medium of the cell cultures play a significant role in cell - cell communication, thus driving cancer progression and metastasis. Very few studies have explored the role of exo-miRs in the progression of children’s cancer - neuroblastoma. In this mini review, I briefly summarize the existing literature on the role of exo-miRs in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma.
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Bhavsar SP. Recent advances in the roles of exosomal microRNAs in neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1091847. [PMID: 36793342 PMCID: PMC9923722 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1091847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal miRNAs (exo-miRs), universally found in biofluids, tissues, and/or conditioned medium of the cell cultures play a significant role in cell - cell communication, thus driving cancer progression and metastasis. Very few studies have explored the role of exo-miRs in the progression of children's cancer - neuroblastoma. In this mini review, I briefly summarize the existing literature on the role of exo-miRs in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma.
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Zhu G, Yang F, Wei H, Meng W, Gan J, Wang L, He C, Lu S, Cao B, Luo H, Han B, Li L. 90 K increased delivery efficiency of extracellular vesicles through mediating internalization. J Control Release 2023; 353:930-942. [PMID: 36529385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Using mass spectrometry-based high-throughput proteomics, we identified a membrane protein on extracellular vesicles (EVs), 90 K, which predicts poor overall survival of patients with head and neck cancer. 90 K levels in serum EVs could serve as an independent factor for poor prognosis of patients with head and neck cancer. Pre-treatment of immune competent mice with tumor-derived EVs (TDEs) elicited an immune-suppressive microenvironment for tumor cells, which was regulated by 90 K. The immunosuppressive function of TDE-90 K depends on the presence of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) rather than regulatory T cells. The immune regulatory role of TDEs on MDSCs depends on miR-21 which is encapsulated in TDEs. Moreover, 90 K is required for the internalization of TDE cargo though interacting with integrin-β1 and anti-siglec-9 rather than directly affecting the immune function of MDSCs. 90 K modification of γδT cell-derived EVs (γδTEVs) could increase the delivery efficiency and therapeutic effect of PD-L1 siRNA by γδTEVs. We concluded that as a secreted protein modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, 90 K can be carried by TDEs to mediate the internalization and delivery of TDEs cargo by recipient cells. This function of 90 K could be utilized to improve the efficiency of EV-based drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiquan Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongxuan Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wanrong Meng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianguo Gan
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chuanshi He
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bangrong Cao
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huaichao Luo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Xu Y, Luan G, Li Z, Liu Z, Qin G, Chu Y. Tumour-derived exosomal lncRNA SNHG16 induces telocytes to promote metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via the miR-942-3p/MMP9 axis. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 46:251-264. [PMID: 36434360 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell-derived exosomal LncRNA SNHG16 is highly expressed and associated with poor overall survival of patients. Telocytes (TCs), as novel interstitial cells, have been reported to promote HCC metastasis. Therefore, in our study, we investigated whether a molecular interaction occurred between exosomal LncSNHG16 and TCs in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS LncSNHG16 expression in HCC tissues and cell lines was measured, and bioinformatics analysis was performed. Exosomes were isolated and purified from HCC cells with LncSNHG16 overexpression/knockdown vectors and cocultured with TCs. Then, markers of the LncSNHG16/miR-942-3p/MMP9 axis were tested in TCs. Transwell assays and cell wound healing assays were designed to examine the invasion and migration of HCC cells after coincubation with TCs. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays and dual-luciferase gene reporter assays were performed to verify the binding effect of LncSNHG16, miR-942-3p, and MMP9 mRNA. In vivo, experimental animal models were established to confirm the effect of exosomal LncSNHG16-induced MMP9 expression on HCC metastasis. RESULTS Exosomal LncSNHG16 was phagocytized by TCs and downregulated miR-942-3p, which induced targeted MMP9 upregulation, and it had specific binding sites with miR-942-3p in TCs to facilitate the migration of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Exosomal LncSNHG16 was found to act as a competing endogenous RNA of the miR-942-3p/MMP9 axis in TCs. CONCLUSION Tumour-derived exosomal LncSNHG16 modulates MMP9 via competitively binding to miR-942-3p in TCs, thus promoting the metastasis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Fist Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, No 440, Jiyan Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
| | | | - Zhongchao Li
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Fist Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, No 440, Jiyan Road, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Ziming Liu
- Shandong Fist Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyang Qin
- Shandong Fist Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yifu Chu
- Shandong Fist Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
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12
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Pazzaglia S, Eidemüller M, Lumniczky K, Mancuso M, Ramadan R, Stolarczyk L, Moertl S. Out-of-field effects: lessons learned from partial body exposure. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2022; 61:485-504. [PMID: 36001144 PMCID: PMC9722818 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Partial body exposure and inhomogeneous dose delivery are features of the majority of medical and occupational exposure situations. However, mounting evidence indicates that the effects of partial body exposure are not limited to the irradiated area but also have systemic effects that are propagated outside the irradiated field. It was the aim of the "Partial body exposure" session within the MELODI workshop 2020 to discuss recent developments and insights into this field by covering clinical, epidemiological, dosimetric as well as mechanistic aspects. Especially the impact of out-of-field effects on dysfunctions of immune cells, cardiovascular diseases and effects on the brain were debated. The presentations at the workshop acknowledged the relevance of out-of-field effects as components of the cellular and organismal radiation response. Furthermore, their importance for the understanding of radiation-induced pathologies, for the discovery of early disease biomarkers and for the identification of high-risk organs after inhomogeneous exposure was emphasized. With the rapid advancement of clinical treatment modalities, including new dose rates and distributions a better understanding of individual health risk is urgently needed. To achieve this, a deeper mechanistic understanding of out-of-field effects in close connection to improved modelling was suggested as priorities for future research. This will support the amelioration of risk models and the personalization of risk assessments for cancer and non-cancer effects after partial body irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pazzaglia
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, ENEA CR-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Eidemüller
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K. Lumniczky
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Unit of Radiation Medicine, National Public Health Centre, Albert Florian u. 2-6, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, ENEA CR-Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - R. Ramadan
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - L. Stolarczyk
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 25, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - S. Moertl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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13
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Gao X, Gao B, Li S. Extracellular vesicles: A new diagnostic biomarker and targeted drug in osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1002742. [PMID: 36211364 PMCID: PMC9539319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1002742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone cancer that is highly prevalent among adolescents and adults below the age of 20 years. The prognostic outcome of metastatic OS or relapse is extremely poor; thus, developing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for treating OS is necessary. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 30–150 nm in diameter are commonly produced in different cells and are found in various types of body fluids. EVs are rich in biologically active components like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They also strongly affect pathophysiological processes by modulating the intercellular signaling pathways and the exchange of biomolecules. Many studies have found that EVs influence the occurrence, development, and metastasis of osteosarcoma. The regulation of inflammatory communication pathways by EVs affects OS and other bone-related pathological conditions, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. In this study, we reviewed the latest findings related to diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and the development of treatment strategies for OS from the perspective of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shenglong Li, ;
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14
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Buonanno M, Gonon G, Pandey BN, Azzam EI. The intercellular communications mediating radiation-induced bystander effects and their relevance to environmental, occupational, and therapeutic exposures. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:964-982. [PMID: 35559659 PMCID: PMC9809126 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2078006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The assumption that traversal of the cell nucleus by ionizing radiation is a prerequisite to induce genetic damage, or other important biological responses, has been challenged by studies showing that oxidative alterations extend beyond the irradiated cells and occur also in neighboring bystander cells. Cells and tissues outside the radiation field experience significant biochemical and phenotypic changes that are often similar to those observed in the irradiated cells and tissues. With relevance to the assessment of long-term health risks of occupational, environmental and clinical exposures, measurable genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic changes have been also detected in the progeny of bystander cells. How the oxidative damage spreads from the irradiated cells to their neighboring bystander cells has been under intense investigation. Following a brief summary of the trends in radiobiology leading to this paradigm shift in the field, we review key findings of bystander effects induced by low and high doses of various types of radiation that differ in their biophysical characteristics. While notable mechanistic insights continue to emerge, here the focus is on the many means of intercellular communication that mediate these effects, namely junctional channels, secreted molecules and extracellular vesicles, and immune pathways. CONCLUSIONS The insights gained by studying radiation bystander effects are leading to a basic understanding of the intercellular communications that occur under mild and severe oxidative stress in both normal and cancerous tissues. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these communications will likely contribute to reducing the uncertainty of predicting adverse health effects following exposure to low dose/low fluence ionizing radiation, guide novel interventions that mitigate adverse out-of-field effects, and contribute to better outcomes of radiotherapeutic treatments of cancer. In this review, we highlight novel routes of intercellular communication for investigation, and raise the rationale for reconsidering classification of bystander responses, abscopal effects, and expression of genomic instability as non-targeted effects of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Buonanno
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032, USA
| | - Géraldine Gonon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSESANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Badri N. Pandey
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - Edouard I. Azzam
- Radiobiology and Health Branch, Isotopes, Radiobiology & Environment Directorate (IRED), Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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15
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Devvanshi H, Kachhwaha R, Manhswita A, Bhatnagar S, Kshetrapal P. Immunological Changes in Pregnancy and Prospects of Therapeutic Pla-Xosomes in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895254. [PMID: 35517798 PMCID: PMC9065684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stringent balance of the immune system is a key regulatory factor in defining successful implantation, fetal development, and timely parturition. Interference in these primary regulatory mechanisms, either at adolescence or prenatal state led to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Fertility restoration with the help of injectable gonadotrophins/progesterone, ovulation-inducing drugs, immunomodulatory drugs (corticosteroids), and reproductive surgeries provides inadequate responses, which manifest its own side effects. The development of a potential diagnostic biomarker and an effectual treatment for adverse pregnancy outcomes is a prerequisite to maternal and child health. Parent cell originated bi-layered-intraluminal nano-vesicles (30-150 nm) also known as exosomes are detected in all types of bodily fluids like blood, saliva, breast milk, urine, etc. Exosomes being the most biological residual structures with the least cytotoxicity are loaded with cargo in the form of RNAs (miRNAs), proteins (cytokines), hormones (estrogen, progesterone, etc.), cDNAs, and metabolites making them chief molecules of cell-cell communication. Their keen involvement in the regulation of biological processes has portrayed them as the power shots of cues to understand the disease's pathophysiology and progression. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of immunexosomes (immunomodulating exosomes) in maintaining unwavering immune homeostasis between the mother and developing fetus for a healthy pregnancy. Moreover, the concentration and size of the exosomes are extensively studied in adverse pregnancies like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm premature rupture of membrane (pPROMs) as an early diagnostic marker, thus giving in-depth information about their pathophysiology. Exosomes have also been engineered physically as well as genetically to enhance their encapsulation efficiency and specificity in therapy for cancer and adverse pregnancies. Successful bench to bedside discoveries and interventions in cancer has motivated developmental biologists to investigate the role of immunexosomes and their active components. Our review summarizes the pre-clinical studies for the use of these power-shots as therapeutic agents. We envisage that these studies will pave the path for the use of immunexosomes in clinical settings for reproductive problems that arise due to immune perturbance in homeostasis either at adolescence or prenatal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Devvanshi
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Rohit Kachhwaha
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Anima Manhswita
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shinjini Bhatnagar
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Pallavi Kshetrapal
- Maternal and Child Health, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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16
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Sivanantham A, Jin Y. Impact of Storage Conditions on EV Integrity/Surface Markers and Cargos. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050697. [PMID: 35629364 PMCID: PMC9146501 DOI: 10.3390/life12050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small biological particles released into biofluids by every cell. Based on their size, they are classified into small EVs (<100 nm or <200 nm) and medium or large EVs (>200 nm). In recent years, EVs have garnered interest for their potential medical applications, including disease diagnosis, cell-based biotherapies, targeted drug delivery systems, and others. Currently, the long-term and short-term storage temperatures for biofluids and EVs are −80 °C and 4 °C, respectively. The storage capacity of EVs can depend on their number, size, function, temperature, duration, and freeze−thaw cycles. While these parameters are increasingly studied, the effects of preservation and storage conditions of EVs on their integrity remain to be understood. Knowledge gaps in these areas may ultimately impede the widespread applicability of EVs. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of storage conditions on EVs and their stability and critically explores prospective ways for improving long-term storage conditions to ensure EV stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Jin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-1356
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17
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Li XQ, Zhang R, Lu H, Yue XM, Huang YF. Extracellular Vesicle-Packaged CDH11 and ITGA5 Induce the Premetastatic Niche for Bone Colonization of Breast Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1560-1574. [PMID: 35149589 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although most breast cancer metastases in bone cause osteolytic lesions, the osteogenic niche has commonly been described as an initiator of early-stage bone colonization of disseminated cancer cells. Tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) have been shown to determine the organotropism of cancer cells by transferring their cargo, such as nucleic acids and proteins, to resident cells at future metastatic sites and preparing a favorable premetastatic niche. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and its regulated genes have been shown to facilitate the acquisition of osteomimetic features and to enhance the bone metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. In this study, we present in vivo and in vitro evidence to clarify the role of EVs released by breast cancer cells with high RUNX2 expression in the education of osteoblasts to form an osteogenic premetastatic niche. Furthermore, different extracellular vesicular proteins were identified that mediate events subsequent to the specific recognition of tumor-derived EVs by osteoblasts via cadherin 11 (CDH11) and the induction of the osteogenic premetastatic niche by integrin α5 (ITGA5). CDH11high/ITGA5high EVs were demonstrated to be responsible for the formation of a premetastatic niche that facilitates RUNX2 high-expressing breast cancer cell colonization in bone, revealing a potential EV-based premetastatic niche blockage strategy. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides mechanistic insights into the generation of an osteogenic premetastatic niche by breast cancer-derived EVs and identifies potential EV-derived diagnostic biomarkers and targets for breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Min Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Fan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, China
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18
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Li Y, Huang L, Chen Y, Shi Y, Ze Y, Yao Y. Irradiated cell-derived exosomes transmit essential molecules inducing radiotherapy resistance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 113:192-202. [PMID: 35217095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Radio-resistance has always been a major obstacle in radiation therapy (RT) progress. Radiotherapy (RT) leads to changes in the contents of released exosomes. The researches have shown that irradiated cell-derived exosomes influence recipient cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. All evidence indicates that exosomes play a significant role in radio-resistance. In this review, we describe the potential role of exosomes in cancer. We summarize that the irradiated cell-derived exosomes influence radio-resistance in recipient cells by three main mechanisms: 1) enhancing DNA repair, 2) regulating cell death signalling pathways, 3) inducing cancer cells to exhibit stem cell properties. We also discuss that the origin of the phenomenon might be the changes of molecular mechanisms of irradiated cell-derived exosomes formation affected by RT. Further, targeting exosomes as an adjuvant therapy might be a promising way for cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanchi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yixin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiting Ze
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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19
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Dai S, Wen Y, Luo P, Ma L, Liu Y, Ai J, Shi C. Therapeutic implications of exosomes in the treatment of radiation injury. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkab043. [PMID: 35071650 PMCID: PMC8778593 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main cancer treatments, but it may damage normal tissue and cause various side effects. At present, radioprotective agents used in clinics have side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and hypotension, which limit their clinical application. It has been found that exosomes play an indispensable role in radiation injury. Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles that carry various bioactive substances, such as proteins, lipids and microRNA (miRNA), that play a key role in cell-to-cell communication and affect tissue injury and repair. In addition, studies have shown that radiation can increase the uptake of exosomes in cells and affect the composition and secretion of exosomes. Here, we review the existing studies and discuss the effects of radiation on exosomes and the role of exosomes in radiation injury, aiming to provide new insights for the treatment of radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuzhong Wen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Institute of Digestive Surgery, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Junhua Ai
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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20
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Averbeck D, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011047. [PMID: 34681703 PMCID: PMC8541263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, radiation effects have been considered to be mainly due to nuclear DNA damage and their management by repair mechanisms. However, molecular biology studies reveal that the outcomes of exposures to ionizing radiation (IR) highly depend on activation and regulation through other molecular components of organelles that determine cell survival and proliferation capacities. As typical epigenetic-regulated organelles and central power stations of cells, mitochondria play an important pivotal role in those responses. They direct cellular metabolism, energy supply and homeostasis as well as radiation-induced signaling, cell death, and immunological responses. This review is focused on how energy, dose and quality of IR affect mitochondria-dependent epigenetic and functional control at the cellular and tissue level. Low-dose radiation effects on mitochondria appear to be associated with epigenetic and non-targeted effects involved in genomic instability and adaptive responses, whereas high-dose radiation effects (>1 Gy) concern therapeutic effects of radiation and long-term outcomes involving mitochondria-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses. Both effects depend on radiation quality. For example, the increased efficacy of high linear energy transfer particle radiotherapy, e.g., C-ion radiotherapy, relies on the reduction of anastasis, enhanced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and immunogenic (antitumor) responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Averbeck
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, PRISME, UMR CNRS 5822/IN2P3, IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, University Lyon 1, 69921 Oullins, France;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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21
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He C, Wang L, Li L, Zhu G. Extracellular vesicle-orchestrated crosstalk between cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumors. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101231. [PMID: 34601397 PMCID: PMC8493591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
EVs mediate the interaction between tumor and stromal cells in the TME. Tumors mediate CAF-like activation of stromal cells through EVs. CAF-derived EVs promote tumor proliferation, metastasis and therapeutic resistance.
Communication networks in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a crucial role in tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are among the most abundant stromal cells in the TME. Bidirectional signal transduction between cancer cells and CAFs within the TME is important for cancer development and treatment responsiveness. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying proteins, miRNAs, and other biomolecules are secreted into the extracellular matrix (ECM), which has been demonstrated to be an important communication medium between tumors and CAFs. Tumors regulate the activation of CAFs by secreting EVs. Conversely, CAFs can also affect tumor proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance through EVs. Here, we will classify EV cargoes and discuss the role of EV-mediated interactions between CAFs and tumors, reviewing current knowledge in combination with our confirmed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanshi He
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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22
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Zhao Z, Yang S, Zhou A, Li X, Fang R, Zhang S, Zhao G, Li P. Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Development, Diagnosis, and Possible Therapeutic Application of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:732702. [PMID: 34527593 PMCID: PMC8435888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.732702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) persists among the most lethal and broad-spreading malignancies in China. The exosome is a kind of extracellular vesicle (EV) from about 30 to 200 nm in diameter, contributing to the transfer of specific functional molecules, such as metabolites, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The paramount role of exosomes in the formation and development of ESCC, which relies on promoting intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME), is manifested with immense amounts. Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) participate in most hallmarks of ESCC, including tumorigenesis, invasion, angiogenesis, immunologic escape, metastasis, radioresistance, and chemoresistance. Published reports have delineated that exosome-encapsulated cargos like miRNAs may have utility in the diagnosis, as prognostic biomarkers, and in the treatment of ESCC. This review summarizes the function of exosomes in the neoplasia, progression, and metastasis of ESCC, which improves our understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of ESCC, and presents a promising target for early diagnostics in ESCC. However, recent studies of exosomes in the treatment of ESCC are sparse. Thus, we introduce the advances in exosome-based methods and indicate the possible applications for ESCC therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anni Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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