1
|
Fernández Aceñero MJ, Díaz del Arco C. Hereditary Gastrointestinal Tumor Syndromes: When Risk Comes with Your Genes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6440-6471. [PMID: 39057027 PMCID: PMC11275188 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent campaigns for screening and the latest advances in cancer therapy and molecular biology, gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms remain among the most frequent and lethal human tumors. Most GI neoplasms are sporadic, but there are some well-known familial syndromes associated with a significant risk of developing both benign and malignant GI tumors. Although some of these entities were described more than a century ago based on clinical grounds, the increasing molecular information obtained with high-throughput techniques has shed light on the pathogenesis of several of them. The vast amount of information gained from next-generation sequencing has led to the identification of some high-risk genetic variants, although others remain to be discovered. The opportunity for genetic assessment and counseling in these families has dramatically changed the management of these syndromes, though it has also resulted in significant psychological distress for the affected patients, especially those with indeterminate variants. Herein, we aim to summarize the most relevant hereditary cancer syndromes involving the stomach and colon, with an emphasis on new molecular findings, novel entities, and recent changes in the management of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Fernández Aceñero
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz del Arco
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yuan Z, Yang M, Yuan Y. The Progress of Colorectal Polyposis Syndrome in Chinese Population. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2023; 36:391-399. [PMID: 37795462 PMCID: PMC10547542 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, treatment strategy, and family management of hereditary tumor syndromes are different from those of sporadic tumors. Nearly a quarter of patients with colorectal cancer show significant familial aggregation and genetic predisposition, and 5 to 10% are associated with definite genetic factors. According to the clinical phenotype, it can be divided into nonpolyposis syndrome and polyposis syndrome. Among the polyposis syndrome patients with definite clinical symptoms, there are still some patients with unknown etiology (especially attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis), which is a difficult problem in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, for this rare disease, it is urgent to carry out multicenter studies, complete the gene variation spectrum, explore new pathogenic factors, and accumulate clinical experience. This article mainly introduces the research progress and related work of colorectal polyposis syndrome in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu LH, Dong J, Li WL, Kou ZY, Yang J. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Autosomal Dominant and Recessive APC Mutation-Negative Colorectal Adenomatous Polyposis. Dig Dis Sci 2023:10.1007/s10620-023-07890-9. [PMID: 36862359 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07890-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent type of intestinal polyposis, colorectal adenomatous polyposis (CAP), is regarded as a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer with obvious genetic characteristics. Early screening and intervention can significantly improve patients' survival and prognosis. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation is believed to be the primary cause of CAP. There is, however, a subset of CAP with undetectable pathogenic mutations in APC, known as APC (-)/CAP. The genetic predisposition to APC (-)/CAP has largely been associated with germline mutations in some susceptible genes, including the human mutY homologue (MUTYH) gene and the Nth-like DNA glycosylase 1 (NTHL1) gene, and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) can cause autosomal recessive APC (-)/CAP. Furthermore, autosomal dominant APC (-)/CAP could occur as a result of DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE)/DNA polymerase delta 1 (POLD1), axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), and dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) mutations. The clinical phenotypes of these pathogenic mutations vary greatly depending on their genetic characteristics. Therefore, in this study, we present a comprehensive review of the association between autosomal recessive and dominant APC (-)/CAP genotypes and clinical phenotypes and conclude that APC (-)/CAP is a disease caused by multiple genes with different phenotypes and interaction exists in the pathogenic genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Wen-Liang Li
- Colorectal Cancer Clinical Research Center, Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650118, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Kou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, 650032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang M, Zhao Y, Ding Y, Wang J, Tan Y, Xu D, Yuan Y. Erratum to A truncated protein product of the germline variant of the DUOX2 gene leads to adenomatous polyposis. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.1213. [PMID: 35076192 PMCID: PMC8832961 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.1213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yuwei Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| |
Collapse
|