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Moreira Gobis MDL, Goulart de Souza-Silva T, de Almeida Paula HA. The impact of a western diet on gut microbiota and circadian rhythm: A comprehensive systematic review of in vivo preclinical evidence. Life Sci 2024; 349:122741. [PMID: 38788974 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Here, we present a systematic review that compiles in vivo experimental data regarding the effect of the WD on the gut microbiota and its impact on the circadian rhythm. Additionally, we reviewed studies evaluating the combined effects of WD and circadian cycle disruption on gut microbiota and circadian cycle markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The original studies indexed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were screened according to the PRISMA strategy. KEY FINDINGS Preclinical studies revealed that WD triggers circadian rhythmicity disruption, reduces the alpha-diversity of the microbiota and favors the growth of bacterial groups that are detrimental to intestinal homeostasis, such as Clostridaceae, Enterococcus, Parasutterella and Proteobacteria. When the WD is combined with circadian clock disruption, gut dysbiosis become more pronounced. Reduced cycling of Per3, Rev-erb and CLOCK in the intestine, which are related to dysregulation of lipid metabolism and potential metabolic disease, was observed. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, current evidence supports the potential of WD to trigger microbiota dysregulation, disrupt the biological clock, and increase susceptibility to metabolic disorders and potentially chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaiany Goulart de Souza-Silva
- Institute of Biological Science, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Baffy G, Portincasa P. Gut Microbiota and Sinusoidal Vasoregulation in MASLD: A Portal Perspective. Metabolites 2024; 14:324. [PMID: 38921459 PMCID: PMC11205793 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common condition with heterogeneous outcomes difficult to predict at the individual level. Feared complications of advanced MASLD are linked to clinically significant portal hypertension and are initiated by functional and mechanical changes in the unique sinusoidal capillary network of the liver. Early sinusoidal vasoregulatory changes in MASLD lead to increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and represent the beginning of portal hypertension. In addition, the composition and function of gut microbiota in MASLD are distinctly different from the healthy state, and multiple lines of evidence demonstrate the association of dysbiosis with these vasoregulatory changes. The gut microbiota is involved in the biotransformation of nutrients, production of de novo metabolites, release of microbial structural components, and impairment of the intestinal barrier with impact on innate immune responses, metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and vasoregulation in the liver and beyond. The gut-liver axis is a conceptual framework in which portal circulation is the primary connection between gut microbiota and the liver. Accordingly, biochemical and hemodynamic attributes of portal circulation may hold the key to better understanding and predicting disease progression in MASLD. However, many specific details remain hidden due to limited access to the portal circulation, indicating a major unmet need for the development of innovative diagnostic tools to analyze portal metabolites and explore their effect on health and disease. We also need to safely and reliably monitor portal hemodynamics with the goal of providing preventive and curative interventions in all stages of MASLD. Here, we review recent advances that link portal metabolomics to altered sinusoidal vasoregulation and may allow for new insights into the development of portal hypertension in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyorgy Baffy
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, University ‘Aldo Moro’ Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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Banerjee R, Hohe RC, Cao S, Jung BM, Horak AJ, Ramachandiran I, Massey WJ, Varadharajan V, Zajczenko NI, Burrows AC, Dutta S, Goudarzi M, Mahen K, Carter A, Helsley RN, Gordon SM, Morton RE, Strauch C, Willard B, Gogonea CB, Gogonea V, Pedrelli M, Parini P, Brown JM. The nonvesicular sterol transporter Aster-C plays a minor role in whole body cholesterol balance. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1371096. [PMID: 38694206 PMCID: PMC11061533 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1371096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Aster-C protein (encoded by the Gramd1c gene) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein that has been reported to transport cholesterol from the plasma membrane to the ER. Although there is a clear role for the closely-related Aster-B protein in cholesterol transport and downstream esterification in the adrenal gland, the specific role for Aster-C in cholesterol homeostasis is not well understood. Here, we have examined whole body cholesterol balance in mice globally lacking Aster-C under low or high dietary cholesterol conditions. Method Age-matched Gramd1c +/+ and Gramd1c -/- mice were fed either low (0.02%, wt/wt) or high (0.2%, wt/wt) dietarycholesterol and levels of sterol-derived metabolites were assessed in the feces, liver, and plasma. Results Compared to wild type controls (Gramd1c +/+) mice, mice lackingGramd1c (Gramd1c -/-) have no significant alterations in fecal, liver, or plasma cholesterol. Given the potential role for Aster C in modulating cholesterol metabolism in diverse tissues, we quantified levels of cholesterol metabolites such as bile acids, oxysterols, and steroid hormones. Compared to Gramd1c +/+ controls, Gramd1c -/- mice had modestly reduced levels of select bile acid species and elevated cortisol levels, only under low dietary cholesterol conditions. However, the vast majority of bile acids, oxysterols, and steroid hormones were unaltered in Gramd1c -/- mice. Bulk RNA sequencing in the liver showed that Gramd1c -/- mice did not exhibit alterations in sterol-sensitive genes, but instead showed altered expression of genes in major urinary protein and cytochrome P450 (CYP) families only under low dietary cholesterol conditions. Discussion Collectively, these data indicate nominal effects of Aster-C on whole body cholesterol transport and metabolism under divergent dietary cholesterol conditions. These results strongly suggest that Aster-C alone is not sufficient to control whole body cholesterol balance, but can modestly impact circulating cortisol and bile acid levels when dietary cholesterol is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rachel C. Hohe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shijie Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Bryan M. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anthony J. Horak
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Iyappan Ramachandiran
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - William J. Massey
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Natalie I. Zajczenko
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Amy C. Burrows
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sumita Dutta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kala Mahen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Abigail Carter
- Department of Physiology and the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Robert N. Helsley
- Department of Physiology and the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Scott M. Gordon
- Department of Physiology and the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Richard E. Morton
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Strauch
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Matthewman C, Narin A, Huston H, Hopkins CE. Systems to model the personalized aspects of microbiome health and gut dysbiosis. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 91:101115. [PMID: 36104261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a complex and dynamic microbial entity that interacts with the environment and other parts of the body including the brain, heart, liver, and immune system. These multisystem interactions are highly conserved from invertebrates to humans, however the complexity and diversity of human microbiota compositions often yield a context that is unique to each individual. Yet commonalities remain across species, where a healthy gut microbiome will be rich in symbiotic commensal biota while an unhealthy gut microbiota will be experiencing abnormal blooms of pathobiont bacteria. In this review we discuss how omics technologies can be applied in a personalized approach to understand the microbial crosstalk and microbial-host interactions that affect the delicate balance between eubiosis and dysbiosis in an individual gut microbiome. We further highlight the strengths of model organisms in identifying and characterizing these conserved synergistic and/or pathogenic host-microbe interactions. And finally, we touch upon the growing area of personalized therapeutic interventions targeting gut microbiome.
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