Tassoker M, Öziç MÜ, Yuce F. Comparison of five convolutional neural networks for predicting osteoporosis based on mandibular cortical index on panoramic radiographs.
Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022;
51:20220108. [PMID:
35762349 PMCID:
PMC10043616 DOI:
10.1259/dmfr.20220108]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to compare five convolutional neural networks for predicting osteoporosis based on mandibular cortical index (MCI) on panoramic radiographs.
METHODS
Panoramic radiographs of 744 female patients over 50 years of age were labeled as C1, C2, and C3 depending on the MCI. The data of the present study were reviewed in different categories including (C1, C2, C3), (C1, C2), (C1, C3), and (C1, (C2 +C3)) as two-class and three-class predictions. The data were separated randomly as 20% test data, and the remaining data were used for training and validation with fivefold cross-validation. AlexNET, GoogleNET, ResNET-50, SqueezeNET, and ShuffleNET deep-learning models were trained through the transfer learning method. The results were evaluated by performance criteria including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1-score, AUC, and training duration. The Gradient-Weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) method was applied for visual interpretation of where deep-learning algorithms gather the feature from image regions.
RESULTS
The dataset (C1, C2, C3) has an accuracy rate of 81.14% with AlexNET; the dataset (C1, C2) has an accuracy rate of 88.94% with GoogleNET; the dataset (C1, C3) has an accuracy rate of 98.56% with AlexNET; and the dataset (C1,(C2+C3)) has an accuracy rate of 92.79% with GoogleNET.
CONCLUSION
The highest accuracy was obtained in the differentiation of C3 and C1 where osseous structure characteristics change significantly. Since the C2 score represent the intermediate stage (osteopenia), structural characteristics of the bone present behaviors closer to C1 and C3 scores. Therefore, the data set including the C2 score provided relatively lower accuracy results.
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