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Sharma A, Verwilst P, Li M, Ma D, Singh N, Yoo J, Kim Y, Yang Y, Zhu JH, Huang H, Hu XL, He XP, Zeng L, James TD, Peng X, Sessler JL, Kim JS. Theranostic Fluorescent Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2699-2804. [PMID: 38422393 PMCID: PMC11132561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The ability to gain spatiotemporal information, and in some cases achieve spatiotemporal control, in the context of drug delivery makes theranostic fluorescent probes an attractive and intensely investigated research topic. This interest is reflected in the steep rise in publications on the topic that have appeared over the past decade. Theranostic fluorescent probes, in their various incarnations, generally comprise a fluorophore linked to a masked drug, in which the drug is released as the result of certain stimuli, with both intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli being reported. This release is then signaled by the emergence of a fluorescent signal. Importantly, the use of appropriate fluorophores has enabled not only this emerging fluorescence as a spatiotemporal marker for drug delivery but also has provided modalities useful in photodynamic, photothermal, and sonodynamic therapeutic applications. In this review we highlight recent work on theranostic fluorescent probes with a particular focus on probes that are activated in tumor microenvironments. We also summarize efforts to develop probes for other applications, such as neurodegenerative diseases and antibacterials. This review celebrates the diversity of designs reported to date, from discrete small-molecule systems to nanomaterials. Our aim is to provide insights into the potential clinical impact of this still-emerging research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Amity
School of Chemical Sciences, Amity University
Punjab, Sector 82A, Mohali 140 306, India
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 1041, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mingle Li
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Nem Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yoo
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ying Yang
- School of
Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jing-Hui Zhu
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haiqiao Huang
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College
of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xi-Le Hu
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research
Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa
Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key
Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research
Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa
Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, East China University
of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- National
Center for Liver Cancer, the International Cooperation Laboratory
on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary
Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lintao Zeng
- School of
Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Tony D. James
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan
Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- College
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen
University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian
University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at
Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United
States
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- TheranoChem Incorporation, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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Jiang R, Zeng J, Liu Q, Li S, He L, Cheng D. Engineering a near-infrared LAP fluorescent probe with high sensitivity and selectivity for surgical resection of liver cancer. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9459-9466. [PMID: 37728020 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01627g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of cancer associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. In order to achieve precise HCC theranostics, it is important to develop excellent fluorescent probes. However, the existing probes are not sensitive or specific enough to accurately identify HCC margins and contours. For diagnosing HCC and identifying tumors during surgery, it is urgent to engineer highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probes. Liver tumor progression is closely associated with leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) overexpression, a biomarker of liver cancer. Herein, we have rationally designed a NIR fluorescent probe, NLAP, which is specially activated by LAP. The probe exhibited high sensitivity (detection limit = 6.8 mU L-1) and superior affinity (Km = 2.98 μM) for LAP. With this probe, we distinguished cancer cells overexpressing LAP from normal cells and applied it intraoperatively to guide liver tumor excisions. Furthermore, NLAP was employed to successfully detect the LAP of intestinal and splenic metastatic tumors in orthotopic liver tumor mice by "in situ spraying" and good performances were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfeng Jiang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Jiayu Zeng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Songjiao Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Longwei He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
| | - Dan Cheng
- Clinical Research Institute, the Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China.
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Saruwatari MS, Jawed K, Ali KM, Ning B, Naik S, Nam SH, Schnermann MJ, Sandler A, Cha RJ. Assessment of a novel biliary-specific near-infrared fluorescent dye (BL-760) for intraoperative detection of bile ducts and biliary leaks during hepatectomy in a preclinical swine model. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:480-489. [PMID: 37003294 PMCID: PMC10330211 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative bile leakage is a common complication of hepatobiliary surgery and frequently requires procedural intervention. Bile-label 760 (BL-760), a novel near-infrared dye, has emerged as a promising tool for identifying biliary structures and leakage, owing to its rapid excretion and strong bile specificity. This study aimed to assess the intraoperative detection of biliary leakage using intravenously administered BL-760 compared with intravenous (IV) and intraductal (ID) indocyanine green (ICG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Laparotomy and segmental hepatectomy with vascular control were performed on two 25-30 kg pigs. ID ICG, IV ICG, and IV BL-760 were administered separately, followed by an examination of the liver parenchyma, cut liver edge, and extrahepatic bile ducts for areas of leakage. The duration of intra- and extrahepatic fluorescence detection was assessed, and the target-to-background (TBR) of the bile ducts to the liver parenchyma was quantitatively measured. RESULTS In Animal 1, after intraoperative BL-760 injection, three areas of leaking bile were identified within 5 min on the cut liver edge with a TBR of 2.5-3.8 that was not apparent to the naked eye. In contrast, after IV ICG administration, the background parenchymal signal and bleeding obscured the areas of bile leakage. A second dose of BL-760 demonstrated the utility of repeated injections, confirming two of the three previously visualized areas of bile leakage and revealing one previously unseen leak. In Animal 2, neither ID ICG nor IV BL-760 injections showed obvious areas of bile leakage. However, fluorescence signals were observed within the superficial intrahepatic bile ducts after both injections. CONCLUSIONS BL-760 enables the rapid intraoperative visualization of small biliary structures and leaks, with the benefits of fast excretion, repeatable intravenous administration, and high-fluorescence TBR in the liver parenchyma. Potential applications include the identification of bile flow in the portal plate, biliary leak or duct injury, and postoperative monitoring of drain output. A thorough assessment of the intraoperative biliary anatomy could limit the need for postoperative drain placement, a possible contributor to severe complications and postoperative bile leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele S Saruwatari
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Kochai Jawed
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Khalid Mohamed Ali
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Bo Ning
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Sailee Naik
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - So-Hyun Nam
- Department of Surgery, Inje Paik Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Martin J Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Anthony Sandler
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Joseph E. Robert, Jr. Center for Surgical Care, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Richard Jaepyeong Cha
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052
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Song J, Ren T, Duan Y, Guo H, Wang G, Gan Y, Bai M, Dong X, Zhao Z, An J. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma cells regulated by β-catenin signaling pathway. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1140256. [PMID: 37064109 PMCID: PMC10090467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1140256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundNear-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging has recently emerged as a promising tool for noninvasive cancer imaging. However, lack of tumor sensitivity and specificity restricts the application of NIRF dyes in surgical navigation.MethodsHerein, we investigated the imaging features of NIRF dye MHI-148 and indocyanine green (ICG) in live cell imaging and xenograft nude mice models. TCGA dataset analysis and immunohistochemistry were conducted to investigate the expression of OATPs or ABCGs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. OATPs or ABCGs were knocked down and overexpressed in HCC cells using transient transfection by siRNA and plasmids or stable transfection by lentivirus. Further, qRT-PCR ,Western blotting and the use of agonists or inhibitors targeting β-catenin signaling pathway were applied to explore its important role in regulation of OATP2B1 and ABCG2 expression.ResultsHere we demonstrated that NIRF dye MHI-148 was biocompatible as indocyanine green (ICG) but with higher imaging intensity and preferential uptake and retention in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and tissues. Moreover, our data indicated that membrane transporters OATP2B1 and ABCG2, which regulated by β-catenin signaling pathway, mediated tumor-specific accumulation and retention of MHI-148 in HCC cells. In addition, the treatment with β-catenin inhibitor significantly enhanced the accumulation of MHI-148 in HCC tissues and improved the efficacy of tumor imaging with MHI-148 in vivo.ConclusionsOur study uncovers a mechanism that links the distribution and expression of the membrane transporters OATP2B1 and ABCG2 to the tumor-specific accumulation of MHI-148, and provides evidence supporting a regulating role of the β-catenin signaling pathway in OATP2B1 and ABCG2- induced retention of MHI-148 inHCC tissues, and strategy targeting key components of MHI-148 transport machinery may be a potential approach to improve HCC imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaze An, ; Tingting Ren, ; Zheng Zhao,
| | - Yanheng Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haitao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengcai Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaotian Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaze An, ; Tingting Ren, ; Zheng Zhao,
| | - Jiaze An
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaze An, ; Tingting Ren, ; Zheng Zhao,
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Laparoscopic Microwave Ablation: Which Technologies Improve the Results. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061814. [PMID: 36980701 PMCID: PMC10046461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver resection is the best treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when resectable. Unfortunately, many patients with HCC cannot undergo liver resection. Percutaneous thermoablation represents a valid alternative for inoperable neoplasms and for small HCCs, but it is not always possible to accomplish it. In cases where the percutaneous approach is not feasible (not a visible lesion or in hazardous locations), laparoscopic thermoablation may be indicated. HCC diagnosis is commonly obtained from imaging modalities, such as CT and MRI, However, the interpretation of radiological images, which have a two-dimensional appearance, during the surgical procedure and in particular during laparoscopy, can be very difficult in many cases for the surgeon who has to treat the tumor in a three-dimensional environment. In recent years, more technologies have helped surgeons to improve the results after ablative treatments. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the radiological images has allowed the surgeon to assess the exact position of the tumor both before the surgery (virtual reality) and during the surgery with immersive techniques (augmented reality). Furthermore, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging seems to be a valid tool to enhance the precision of laparoscopic thermoablation. Finally, the association with laparoscopic ultrasound with contrast media could improve the localization and characteristics of tumor lesions. This article describes the use of hepatic three-dimensional modeling, ICG fluorescence imaging and laparoscopic ultrasound examination, convenient for improving the preoperative surgical preparation for personalized laparoscopic approach.
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Efficacy evaluation and prognostic risk factors analysis of precise hepatectomy in the treatment of intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 35:120-126. [PMID: 36468576 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the efficacy of precise hepatectomy in the treatment of patients with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and analyze the risk factors affecting prognosis. METHODS Totally 104 patients with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma from January 2018 to January 2019 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Of these, four patients lost to follow-up. Logistic regression was conducted to explore the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Compared with the control group, the precise hepatectomy decreased intraoperative blood loss (331.2928.91 to 203.29 ± 29.34 ml), operation time (198.29 ± 19.38 to 150.28 ± 18.27 min), perioperative blood transfusion volume (376.22 ± 25.93 to 228.29 ± 22.19 ml) (all P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis of study group showed that hepatitis B infection (OR = 1.746; 95% CI, 1.068-2.976), P = 0.021, Child-Pugh classification (OR = 2.319; 95% CI, 1.428-3.213), P < 0.001, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score (OR = 2.287; 95% CI, 1.098-3.876; P = 0.013) and Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging (OR = 2.029; 95% CI, 1.086-3.671; P = 0.022) were independent risk factors for prognosis of the precise hepatectomy. CONCLUSION Hepatitis B virus infection, Child-Pugh grade, ECOG score and BCLC staging grade were the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of precise hepatectomy.
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Wu Y, Suo Y, Wang Z, Yu Y, Duan S, Liu H, Qi B, Jian C, Hu X, Zhang D, Yu A, Cheng Z. First clinical applications for the NIR-II imaging with ICG in microsurgery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1042546. [PMID: 36329697 PMCID: PMC9623121 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1042546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In microsurgery, it is always difficult to accurately identify the blood supply with ease, such as vascular anastomosis, digit replantation, skin avulsion reconstruction and flap transplantation. Near-infrared window I (NIR-I, 700—900 nm) imaging has many clinical applications, whereas near-infrared window II (NIR-II, 1,000–1700 nm) imaging has emerged as a highly promising novel optical imaging modality and used in a few clinical fields recently, especially its penetration distance and noninvasive characteristics coincide with the needs of microsurgery. Therefore, a portable NIR-II imaging instrument and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved indocyanine green (ICG) were used to improve the operation efficiency in microsurgery of 39 patients in this study. The anastomotic vessels and the salvaged distal limbs were clearly visualized after intravenous injection of ICG. The technique enabled identification of perforator vessels and estimation of perforator areas prior to the flap obtention and made it easier to monitor the prognosis. Overall, this study highlights the use of the portable NIR- II imaging with ICG as an operative evaluation tool can enhance the safety and accuracy of microsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongkuan Suo
- Joint Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Duan
- Joint Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Baiwen Qi
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Jian
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Aixi Yu, ; Zhen Cheng,
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Aixi Yu, ; Zhen Cheng,
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Multiradiographic Diagnosis of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Evaluation of Its Postoperative Observation after Interventional Treatment. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:5292200. [PMID: 36017024 PMCID: PMC9371817 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5292200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the focal imaging performance of MRI and CT multiphase dynamic enhancement scan examination in primary liver cancer patients, analyze its clinical diagnostic value, and provide a basis for early diagnosis of the disease. Methods 236 patients with primary liver cancer admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to November 2021 were randomly divided into two groups, the control group was given MRI multiphase dynamic enhancement scan diagnostic method, and the observation group was given CT scan combined with the MRI diagnostic method. The patients' examination results and pathological examination results were compared and analyzed, and the therapeutic effects of patients in the two groups after interventional treatment were compared. Results After the imaging and pathological examinations of patients in both groups, it was found that the diagnostic accuracy of patients in the observation group and the therapeutic effect after interventional treatment were significantly better than those in the control group. Conclusions Compared with CT multiphase dynamic enhancement scan, MRI multiphase dynamic enhancement scan can show multidirectional and multiangle lesions in primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients, with better characteristics of blood supply to hepatocellular carcinoma and a higher accuracy rate.
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Benhammou JN, Rich NE, Cholankeril G, Zhang P, Zeng W, Rao S, Li W, Wu X, Feng S, Fujiwara N, Meng X, Zhu S, Zaidi S, Tayob N, Tayob N. DETECT: Development of Technologies for Early HCC Detection. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:21-27. [PMID: 35339460 PMCID: PMC9232964 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihane N Benhammou
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases and Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles HCS, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Nicole E Rich
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases and Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - George Cholankeril
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Weihua Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024
| | - Shuyun Rao
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037,Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030,Correspondence: Shuyun Rao, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Adjunct Faculty, George Washington University, 2300 Eye St NW, Washington, DC, 200037, USA Office Phone: +1 202-994-4629, ; ; Nabihah Tayob, PhD, Member of the Faculty, Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston MA 02215 Mailstop CLS-11007, Office address: CLS 11047 Mobile: 734-239-4235,
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Xiaoqing Meng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109
| | - Shijia Zhu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Sobia Zaidi
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037
| | - Nabihah Tayob
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215,Correspondence: Shuyun Rao, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Adjunct Faculty, George Washington University, 2300 Eye St NW, Washington, DC, 200037, USA Office Phone: +1 202-994-4629, ; ; Nabihah Tayob, PhD, Member of the Faculty, Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston MA 02215 Mailstop CLS-11007, Office address: CLS 11047 Mobile: 734-239-4235,
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Chen Z, Wang J, Lin Y. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of repeated hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of primary recurrent liver cancer: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:182. [PMID: 35668464 PMCID: PMC9169306 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since there is still controversy about the comparison of the efficacy and safety of RH and RFA in the treatment of recurrent liver cancer, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety, in order to provide evidence-based evidence for future research and clinical treatment. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the establishment of the database to Feb 2021. We included studies that reported liver cancer patients underwent repeated hepatectomy (RH) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and we excluded duplicate publications, research without full text, incomplete information, or inability to conduct data extraction, animal experiments, reviews, and systematic reviews. The STATA 15.1 was used to analyze the data. Results The pooled results show that the 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of the repeated hepatectomy group was significantly higher than the radiofrequency ablation group (odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.47–2.60, P ≤ 0.001; OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.12–2.43, P = 0.012). Similarly, the pooled results show that the 3-year and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of the repeated hepatectomy group was significantly higher than the radiofrequency ablation group (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.30–2.31, P ≤ 0.001; OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.38–2.49, P ≤ 0.001). However, there is no significant difference in the 1-year OS and DFS rate of repeated hepatectomy group and radiofrequency ablation group. Additionally, the pooled results show that the postoperative Clavien-Dindo (CD) grade II or higher complication rate of the repeated hepatectomy group was significantly higher than the radiofrequency ablation group (OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.37–5.75, P = 0.005). Conclusion Based on the pooled results of 8 existing retrospective studies, RH has a higher OS rate and DFS rate in the treatment of recurrent liver cancer, while the postoperative complication rate of RFA is lower. When survival is the primary goal, RH should be the first choice for recurrent liver cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12957-022-02649-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
| | - Jiefang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Yonghua Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
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11
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He P, Xiong Y, Ye J, Chen B, Cheng H, Liu H, Zheng Y, Chu C, Mao J, Chen A, Zhang Y, Li J, Tian J, Liu G. A clinical trial of super-stable homogeneous lipiodol-nanoICG formulation-guided precise fluorescent laparoscopic hepatocellular carcinoma resection. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:250. [PMID: 35658966 PMCID: PMC9164554 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Applying traditional fluorescence navigation technologies in hepatocellular carcinoma is severely restricted by high false-positive rates, variable tumor differentiation, and unstable fluorescence performance. Results In this study, a green, economical and safe nanomedicine formulation technology was developed to construct carrier-free indocyanine green nanoparticles (nanoICG) with a small uniform size and better fluorescent properties without any molecular structure changes compared to the ICG molecule. Subsequently, nanoICG dispersed into lipiodol via a super-stable homogeneous intermixed formulation technology (SHIFT&nanoICG) for transhepatic arterial embolization combined with fluorescent laparoscopic hepatectomy to eliminate the existing shortcomings. A 52-year-old liver cancer patient was recruited for the clinical trial of SHIFT&nanoICG. We demonstrate that SHIFT&nanoICG could accurately identify and mark the lesion with excellent stability, embolism, optical imaging performance, and higher tumor-to-normal tissue ratio, especially in the detection of the microsatellite lesions (0.4 × 0.3 cm), which could not be detected by preoperative imaging, to realize a complete resection of hepatocellular carcinoma under fluorescence laparoscopy in a shorter period (within 2 h) and with less intraoperative blood loss (50 mL). Conclusions This simple and effective strategy integrates the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, and thus, it has great potential in various clinical applications. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01467-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yongfu Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Academician (Expert) Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637600, China
| | - Jinfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Biaoqi Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yating Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.,Amoy Hopeful Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xiamen, 361027, China
| | - Jingsong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Aizheng Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Institute of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Jingdong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Academician (Expert) Workstation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637600, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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12
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Application value of fluorescence visualization-assisted technology in the resection of liver cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Liu Q, Huang J, He L, Yang X, Yuan L, Cheng D. Molecular fluorescent probes for liver tumor imaging. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200091. [PMID: 35234359 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a malignant tumor with both high morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatment method is mainly based on hepatectomy for liver tumor. However, it is difficult to accurately distinguish the tumor tissue and its boundary with the naked eye and palpation, leading to an ambiguous resection result, finally causes high recurrence of liver cancer. Molecular fluorescent probes possess lots of advantages, such as non-invasive, high sensitivity, and real-time imaging have been extensively studied in liver cancer imaging and therapy. In this minireview, we briefly introduce the recent developments of always on and activatable fluorescent probes in the liver cancer image and therapy. Future potential challenges of the fluorescent probes for liver tumor are also discussed. We expect that this minireview would improve the fluorescent probes development for real clinical application of liver cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, CHINA
| | - Jia Huang
- University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, CHINA
| | - Longwei He
- University of South China, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, CHINA
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- University of South China Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, CHINA
| | - Lin Yuan
- Hunan University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Dan Cheng
- University of South China Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang 421002, Hunan, China, 421002, Hengyang, CHINA
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14
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Zhang Z, He K, Chi C, Hu Z, Tian J. Intraoperative fluorescence molecular imaging accelerates the coming of precision surgery in China. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2531-2543. [PMID: 35230491 PMCID: PMC9206608 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose China has the largest cancer population globally. Surgery is the main choice for most solid cancer patients. Intraoperative fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) has shown its great potential in assisting surgeons in achieving precise resection. We summarized the typical applications of intraoperative FMI and several new trends to promote the development of precision surgery. Methods The academic database and NIH clinical trial platform were systematically evaluated. We focused on the clinical application of intraoperative FMI in China. Special emphasis was placed on a series of typical studies with new technologies or high-level evidence. The emerging strategy of combining FMI with other modalities was also discussed. Results The clinical applications of clinically approved indocyanine green (ICG), methylene blue (MB), or fluorescein are on the rise in different surgical departments. Intraoperative FMI has achieved precise lesion detection, sentinel lymph node mapping, and lymphangiography for many cancers. Nerve imaging is also exploring to reduce iatrogenic injuries. Through different administration routes, these fluorescent imaging agents provided encouraging results in surgical navigation. Meanwhile, designing new cancer-specific fluorescent tracers is expected to be a promising trend to further improve the surgical outcome. Conclusions Intraoperative FMI is in a rapid development in China. In-depth understanding of cancer-related molecular mechanisms is necessary to achieve precision surgery. Molecular-targeted fluorescent agents and multi-modal imaging techniques might play crucial roles in the era of precision surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kunshan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Computer Science and Beijing Key Lab of Human-Computer Interaction, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongwei Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhenhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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15
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Wan Q, Anugwom C, Desalegn H, Debes JD. Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus coinfection in Africa: a focus on surveillance. HEPATOMA RESEARCH 2022; 8:39. [PMID: 36277115 PMCID: PMC9583937 DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2022.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis-B virus (HBV) infections are weighty public health challenges, especially in the African continent. The direct carcinogenic effect of HBV means that it remains a potent cause of early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. The presence of HIV infection in HBV-infected patients poses a complicating factor, as coinfection has been shown to hasten the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis and HCC, and often resulting in early-age hepatocarcinogenesis with consequent late diagnosis and lower survival. In this review, we discuss this unique conundrum, the epidemiology of HIV-HBV coinfection in SSA, its effect on liver disease and development of HCC, as well as practices and barriers to HCC surveillance in this distinct population. We propose a way forward to curb this considerable health burden focusing on reduction of disease stigma, the need for easy-to-measure biomarkers, and implementation of large prospective studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine & Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chimaobi Anugwom
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine & Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Health Partners Digestive Care, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Jose D. Debes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine & Division of Gastroenterology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Arusha Lutheran Medical Centre, Arusha, Tanzania
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16
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Wei B, Su H, Chen P, Tan HL, Li N, Qin ZE, Huang P, Chang S. Recent advancements in peripheral nerve-specific fluorescent compounds. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7799-7810. [PMID: 34747953 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nerve injury is a common complication of surgery. Accidental nerve damage or transection can lead to severe clinical symptoms including pain, numbness, paralysis and even expiratory dyspnoea. In recent years, with the rise of the field of fluorescence-guided surgery, researchers have discovered that nerve-specific fluorescent agents can serve as nerve markers in animals and can be used to guide surgical procedures and reduce the incidence of intraoperative nerve damage. Currently, researchers have begun to focus on biochemistry, materials chemistry and other fields to produce more neuro-specific fluorescent agents with physiological relevance and they are expected to have clinical applications. This review discusses the agents with potential to be used in fluorescence-guided nerve imaging during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Huo Su
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Hai-Long Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Ning Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Zi-En Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.
| | - Shi Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Thyroid Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, P.R. China
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17
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Wang Q, Li X, Qian B, Hu K, Liu B. Fluorescence imaging in the surgical management of liver cancers: Current status and future perspectives. Asian J Surg 2021; 45:1375-1382. [PMID: 34656410 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, imaging technologies have got significant developments and become indispensable in the surgical management of liver cancers. Real-time navigation afforded by intraoperative images has a significant impact on the success of liver surgeries. Fluorescence imaging in the near-infrared spectrum has shown potential for tumor detection and image-guided surgery in clinics. While predominantly focused on indocyanine green (ICG) imaging, there is also accelerated development of more specific molecular tracers. Compared to passive targeting contrast agents ICG, active targeting and activatable probes both shed new light for intraoperative navigation owing to the higher degree of specificity for the tumor target. A variety of fluorescence imaging probes have been developed to target biomarkers unique to cancer cells or tumor microenvironment and demonstrated promising results. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update on preclinical development and clinical applications of fluorescence imaging in the surgical management of liver cancers. By highlighting the current status, we aim to offer insight into the challenges and opportunities for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baifeng Qian
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunpeng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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