Newly detected liver nodules with a history of colorectal cancer: are they metastatic? Review of 2,632 cases in a single center

Propolis ameliorates renal, liver, and pancreatic lesions in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ethanolic extract of propolis on the secondary lesions of the liver, renal, and pancreatic that were derived by primary colorectal cancer, and comparison of the ethanolic extract of propolis with the vitamin E. The groups included the control, ethanolic extract of propolis, vitamin E, dimethylhydrazine, dimethylhydrazine + ethanolic extract of propolis, and dimethylhydrazine + vitamin E. After 13 weeks of treatment, the blood and tissue samples were taken from all the rats, and alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, insulin, amylase, and lipase indices along with the tissue pathological examination of the kidney, liver, and pancreas were evaluated. Ethanolic extract of propolis effectively alleviated the colorectal cancer-induced secondary lesions in the liver by significantly lowering the alanine transaminase significantly. Ethanolic extract of propolis significantly decreased uric acid in rats; and also significantly elevated the pancreatic insulin. In addition, inflammation and cell necrosis indices in all these tissues were significantly reduced when ethanolic extract of propolis was consumed compared to the dimethylhydrazine group. It seemed ethanolic extract of propolis showed high antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory potentials, and can be used practically to reduce the side lesions of colorectal cancer.

MRI of Peliosis Hepatis: A Case Series Presentation With a 2022 Systematic Literature Update

BACKGROUND

Peliosis hepatis (PH) is a rare benign condition, characterized by hepatic sinusoidal dilatation and blood-filled cystic cavities, often found incidentally, with still challenging diagnosis by imaging due to polymorphic appearance.

PURPOSE

Based on a retrospective analysis of our series (12 patients) and systematic literature review (1990-2022), to organize data about PH and identify features to improve characterization.

STUDY TYPE

Retrospective case series and systematic review.

POPULATION

Twelve patients (mean age 48 years, 55% female) with pathology-proven PH and 49 patients (mean age 52 years, 67% female) identified in 33 studies from the literature (1990-2022).

FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE

1,5-T; T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), diffusion-weighted (DW), contrast-enhanced (CE) T1W imaging.

ASSESSMENT

We compared our series and literature data in terms of demographic (gender/age/ethnicity), clinical characteristics (symptoms/physical examination/liver test), associated conditions (malignancies/infectious/hematologic/genetic or chronic disorders/drugs or toxic exposure) percentage. On magnetic resonance imaging lesion numbers/shape/mean maximum diameter/location/mass effect/signal intensity were compared. PH pathological type/proposed imaging diagnosis/patient follow-up were also considered.

STATISTICAL TESTS

Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports/Series quality assessment. Intraclass correlation and Cohen's kappa coefficients for levels of inter/intrareader agreement in our experience.

RESULTS

Patients were mainly asymptomatic (92% vs. 70% in our study and literature) with associated conditions (83% vs. 80%). Lesions showed homogeneous T1W-hypointensity (58% vs. 65%) and T2W-hyperintensity (58% vs. 66%). Heterogeneous nonspecific (25% vs. 51%), centrifugal (34% vs. 8%), or rim-like centripetal (25% vs. 23%) patterns of enhancement were most frequent, with hypointensity on the hepatobiliary phase (HBP), without restricted diffusivity. Good inter- and intrareader agreement was observed in our experience. Concerning JBI Checklist, 19 out of 31 case reports met at least 7 out of 8 criteria, whereas 2 case series fulfilled 5 and 6 out of 10 items respectively.

DATA CONCLUSION

A homogeneous, not well-demarcated T1W-hypointense and T2W-hyperintense mass, with heterogeneous nonspecific or rim-like centripetal or centrifugal pattern of enhancement, and hypointensity on HBP, may be helpful for PH diagnosis. Among associated conditions, malignancies and drug exposures were the most frequent.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Multi-omics characterization reveals the pathogenesis of liver focal nodular hyperplasia

The molecular landscape and pathogenesis of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) have yet to be elucidated. We performed multi-omics approaches on FNH and paired normal liver tissues from 22 patients, followed by multi-level bioinformatic analyses and experimental validations. Generally, FNH had low mutation burden with low variant allele frequencies, and the mutation frequency significantly correlated with proliferation rate. Although no recurrently deleterious genomic events were found, some putative tumor suppressors or oncogenes were involved. Mutational signatures indicated potential impaired mismatch function and possible poison contact. Integrated analyses unveiled a group of FNH specific endothelial cells that uniquely expressed SOST and probably had strong interaction with fibroblasts through PDGFB/PDGFRB pathway to promote fibrosis. Notably, in one atypical FNH (patient No.11) with pronounced copy number variations, we observed a unique immune module. Most FNH are benign, but molecularly atypical FNH still exist; endothelial cell derived PDGFB probably promotes the fibrogenic process in FNH.

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FNHs are genetically stable, but high mutation cases exist

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FNHs have unique transcriptomic modules, and they alter in atypical FNH

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FNH has a unique type of SOST-expressing endothelial cells that may promote fibrosis