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Swathi S, Antony DP, Solete P, Jeevanandan G, Vishwanathaiah S, Maganur PC. Comparative evaluation of remaining dentin thickness, canal centering ability and apical deformity between ProFit S3 and Protaper gold - A nano CT study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:650-655. [PMID: 38690382 PMCID: PMC11056410 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose For the root canal treatment to be successful, the root canal system must be cleaned and shaped, and must be gradually widened from the apical to the coronal region in order to preserve dentin thickness. ProFit S3 (Profit Dental, India) patented rotary file with variable taper design preserves dentin. The study employs ultra-high-resolution nano-computed tomography to assess the volumetric changes of two new rotary files in permanent mandibular premolars. Materials and methods Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, this in-vitro investigation used extracted premolars. Before the pre-operative scan, samples were made and the working length was determined using a high-precision nano-CT (SkyScan 2214, Bruker, Kontich, Belgium). A single skilled pediatric dentist used ProFit S3 (Profit Dental, India) and Protaper Gold (PTG; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA) to prepare the canals. Post-op scans were similar to pre-ops. For 3D root canal visualization and analysis, NRecon software was used to rebuild images. Results Profit S3 has a mean value of 0.65500 and Protaper gold 1.38800, indicating a significant range. Protaper gold followed Profit S3 in canal volume differential. The two rotating file systems differed significantly (p 0.05). ProFit S3 maintained mesiodistal and buccolingual dentin thickness at 4 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm, followed by Protaper Gold. Conclusions ProFit S3 exhibited the lowest mean canal volume difference compared to Protaper gold. Unlike Protaper Gold, ProFit S3 offers a variable taper design that preserves root canal anatomy, peri cervical dentin, and dentin thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Swathi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 77, India
| | - Delphine Priscilla Antony
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 77, India
| | - Pradeep Solete
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 77, India
| | - Ganesh Jeevanandan
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 77, India
| | - Satish Vishwanathaiah
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhadevi C. Maganur
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Pediatric dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Zhu Q, Liu C, Bai B, Pei F, Tang Y, Song W, Chen X, Gu Y. Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of the shaping ability of three nickel-titanium rotary systems in the middle mesial canal of mandibular first molars: an ex vivo study based on 3D printed tooth replicas. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:294. [PMID: 38431556 PMCID: PMC10909274 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preparation of the middle mesial (MM) canal of mandibular molars represents a challenge because it is often curved, narrow, and close to the root concave. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ex vivo shaping ability of 3 nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary systems in the MM canal using 3D printed resin tooth replicas. METHODS A permanent mandibular first molar with a MM canal was acquired from a pool of extracted teeth and reproduced by a 3D printer. The resin tooth replicas (n = 18) were equally assigned to 3 groups for the evaluation of the shaping abilities of 3 NiTi rotary systems (OneShape [OS], Twisted Files [TF], and ProTaper Gold [PTG]) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The tooth replicas were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) twice before and after instrumentation of the mesiobuccal (MB), mesiolingual (ML), and MM root canals. After 3D reconstruction, the canal straightening, change of root canal volume and surface area, the mesial and distal canal wall thickness and canal transportation at the levels of 1, 2, and 3 mm below furcation were assessed. One-way variance analysis and Turkey's post hoc test were used for comparisons of the means among different groups, and paired-t test was used to compare the mesial and distal sides of the mesial roots. RESULTS As compared with OS and TF, the use of PTG in preparation of MM canals resulted in significantly more straightening of canal curvature (p < 0.05), greater post-instrumentation canal volume and surface area, and thinner mesial and distal remaining canal wall thickness at 1, 2 and 3 mm below furcation (all p < 0.05). Regarding the root canal transportation in the mesiodistal direction, there was no significant difference among the 3 instruments (all p > 0.05) after the preparation of the MB and ML canals. However, in the MM canal, more pronounced transportation was detected in the PTG group at 2 mm below furcation, and in the TF group at 3 mm below furcation as compared with the other 2 systems (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS 3D printed tooth replicas have the advantages of consistency and can be an ideal model to evaluate the shaping ability of different instruments in the MM canal. OS and TF files performed similarly and both are appropriate for shaping the MM canal, while PTG may cause excessive and uneven resin removal, especially near the furcation, and may lead to root fragility and procedural errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhu
- Department of Dentistry and Central Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Dentistry and Central Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Bingbing Bai
- The Stomatology Hospital Affiliated of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Renmin Road 829#, Gusu Dist, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Fan Pei
- Department of Dentistry and Central Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Weijian Song
- Department of Stomatology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Daoqian St. 26#, Gusu Dist, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Xiuchun Chen
- Department of Dentistry and Central Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., Suzhou, 215200, China.
| | - Yongchun Gu
- Department of Dentistry and Central Laboratory, Ninth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Soochow University, Ludang Road 2666#, Wujiang Dist., Suzhou, 215200, China.
- The Stomatology Hospital Affiliated of Suzhou Vocational Health College, Renmin Road 829#, Gusu Dist, Suzhou, 215002, China.
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Liu Y, Chen M, Tang W, Liu C, Du M. Comparison of five single-file systems in the preparation of severely curved root canals: an ex vivo study. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:649. [PMID: 36577985 PMCID: PMC9798582 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ex vivo study is to compare the root canal preparation outcomes achieved by five nickel-titanium single-file instrumentation systems (M3-L, Reciproc Blue, V-Taper 2H, WaveOne Gold, XP-endo Shaper) in severely curved molar root canals. METHODS A total of 60 root canals were selected from extracted human molar teeth with curvatures ranging from 25° to 50° and divided into five groups based on the instrumentation system employed (n = 12). Before and after root canal preparation, a Micro-CT scan was taken, and pre- and post-operative data were analyzed to evaluate the following parameters: volume increment of root canals (VI), untouched root canal areas (UTA), and canal transportation (CT). Apically extruded debris (AD) was collected during preparation. After that, all samples were separated into two parts and examined respectively by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to assess cleaning ability. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVA (UTA, AD, VI) or Kruskal-Wallis test (CT, SEM-score), the level of significance was set at α = 0.05. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the five systems regarding the AD, VI, and UTA parameters (P > 0.05). In terms of CT, no significant difference was noted at the straight section of canal and apical levels, while XP-endo Shaper showed less canal transportation than M3-L at the level of curved vertex (P < 0.05), and the centering ability of V-Taper 2H was significantly better than WaveOne Gold at the initial point of bending (P < 0.05). Debris and smear layers were present on the canal walls of all specimens, the apical thirds of the canal presented higher SEM scores than the coronal thirds in all groups (P < 0.05). Reciproc Blue and XP-endo Shaper showed fewer smear scores than WaveOne Gold in the apical thirds (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively), and no statistical difference was found between other groups in the middle and coronal thirds. CONCLUSION The five single-file systems evaluated performed equally in apically debris extrusion, dentin removal, and untouched root canal areas, while XP-endo Shaper and V-Taper 2H resulted in less canal transportation compared to M3-L and WaveOne Gold. Regarding cleaning ability, Reciproc Blue and XP-endo Shaper were associated with less smear layer than WaveOne Gold in the apical thirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Liu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hongshan District, Luo-Yu Road 237th, 430075 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Meizhi Chen
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hongshan District, Luo-Yu Road 237th, 430075 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Weilong Tang
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hongshan District, Luo-Yu Road 237th, 430075 Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Minquan Du
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Preventive Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Hongshan District, Luo-Yu Road 237th, 430075 Wuhan, Hubei China
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3D-Printed Teeth in Endodontics: Why, How, Problems and Future-A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137966. [PMID: 35805624 PMCID: PMC9265401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing offers possibilities for the development of new models in endodontics. Numerous studies have used 3D-printed teeth; however, protocols for the standardization of studies still need to be developed. Another problem with 3D-printed teeth is the different areas of literature requested to understand the processes. This review aims to gather evidence about 3D-printed teeth on the following aspects: (1) why they are advantageous; (2) how they are manufactured; (3) problems they present; and (4) future research topics. Natural teeth are still the standard practice in ex vivo studies and pre-clinical courses, but they have several drawbacks. Printed teeth may overcome all limitations of natural teeth. Printing technology relies on 3D data and post-processing tools to form a 3D model, ultimately generating a prototype using 3D printers. The major concerns with 3D-printed teeth are the resin hardness and printing accuracy of the canal anatomy. Guidance is presented for future studies to solve the problems of 3D-printed teeth and develop well-established protocols, for the standardization of methods to be achieved. In the future, 3D-printed teeth have the possibility to become the gold standard in ex vivo studies and endodontic training.
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