Ichikawa T, Okada H, Hironaka J, Nakajima H, Okamura T, Majima S, Senmaru T, Ushigome E, Nakanishi N, Hamaguchi M, Joo E, Shide K, Fukui M. Efficacy of long-term low carbohydrate diets for patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Diabetes Investig 2024;
15:1410-1421. [PMID:
39046308 PMCID:
PMC11442754 DOI:
10.1111/jdi.14271]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION
Efficacy of long-term low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) to improve glycemic management for type 2 diabetes remains controversial. Thus, we investigated the association between long-term LCD and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Database for articles published up to June 2023, and included randomized controlled trials conducted on LCD interventions for >12 months in adults with type 2 diabetes. Primary outcome was the difference in glycated hemoglobin between long-term LCD and control groups. Additionally, we evaluated the differences in changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and weight between long-term LCD and control groups.
RESULTS
Six studies were identified and met the inclusion criteria. This study did not show significant differences in changes in glycated hemoglobin between long-term LCD and control diets (standardized mean difference -0.11, 95% confidence interval -0.33 to 0.11, P = 0.32). As with glycemic control, there were no significant differences in the changes in weight loss, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between long-term LCD and control diets. However, long-term LCD were associated with greater elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (standardized mean difference 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.04-0.41; P = 0.02) and decrease in triglyceride (standardized mean difference -0.19; 95% confidence interval -0.37 to 0.02; P = 0.03) than that in control diets.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest efficacy of long-term LCD in treating dyslipidemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes, but do not recommend long-term LCD for glycemic control in the individuals.
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