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Zargar A, Chang S, Kothari A, Snijders AM, Mao JH, Wang J, Hernández AC, Keasling JD, Bivona TG. Overcoming the challenges of cancer drug resistance through bacterial-mediated therapy. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2019; 5:258-266. [PMID: 32055785 PMCID: PMC7004931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts to fight cancer, it remains a major public health problem and a leading cause of death worldwide. With increased knowledge of cancer pathways and improved technological platforms, precision therapeutics that specifically target aberrant cancer pathways have improved patient outcomes. Nevertheless, a primary cause of unsuccessful cancer therapy remains cancer drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the broad classes of resistance to cancer therapy, particularly pharmacokinetics, the tumor microenvironment, and drug resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, we describe how bacterial-mediated cancer therapy, a bygone mode of treatment, has been revitalized by synthetic biology and is uniquely suited to address the primary resistance mechanisms that confound traditional therapies. Through genetic engineering, we discuss how bacteria can be potent anticancer agents given their tumor targeting potential, anti-tumor activity, safety, and coordinated delivery of anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zargar
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- QB3 Institute, University of California-Berkeley, 174 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Samantha Chang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Ankita Kothari
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Antoine M. Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jessica Wang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Amanda C. Hernández
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jay D. Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- QB3 Institute, University of California-Berkeley, 174 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Trever G. Bivona
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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