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Kim AH, Mo KC, Harris AB, Lafage R, Neuman BJ, Hostin RA, Soroceanu A, Kim HJ, Klineberg EO, Gum JL, Gupta MC, Hamilton DK, Schwab F, Burton D, Daniels A, Passias PG, Hart RA, Line BG, Ames C, Lafage V, Shaffrey CI, Smith JS, Bess S, Lenke L, Kebaish KM. High-Dose TXA Is Associated with Less Blood Loss Than Low-Dose TXA without Increased Complications in Patients with Complex Adult Spinal Deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024:00004623-990000000-01231. [PMID: 39361771 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA) is commonly utilized to reduce blood loss in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. Despite its widespread use, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal dosing regimen. The aim of this study was to assess differences in blood loss and complications between high, medium, and low-dose TXA regimens among patients undergoing surgery for complex ASD. METHODS A multicenter database was retrospectively analyzed to identify 265 patients with complex ASD. Patients were separated into 3 groups by TXA regimen: (1) low dose (<20-mg/kg loading dose with ≤2-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose), (2) medium dose (20 to 50-mg/kg loading dose with 2 to 5-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose), and (3) high dose (>50-mg/kg loading dose with ≥5-mg/kg/hr maintenance dose). The measured outcomes included blood loss, complications, and red blood cell (RBC) units transfused intraoperatively and perioperatively. The multivariable analysis controlled for TXA dosing regimen, levels fused, operating room time, preoperative hemoglobin, 3-column osteotomy, and posterior interbody fusion. RESULTS The cohort was predominantly White (91.3%) and female (69.1%) and had a mean age of 61.6 years. Of the 265 patients, 54 (20.4%) received low-dose, 131 (49.4%) received medium-dose, and 80 (30.2%) received high-dose TXA. The median blood loss was 1,200 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 750 to 2,000). The median RBC units transfused intraoperatively was 1.0 (IQR, 0.0 to 2.0), and the median RBC units transfused perioperatively was 2.0 (IQR, 1.0 to 4.0). Compared with the high-dose group, the low-dose group had increased blood loss (by 513.0 mL; p = 0.022) as well as increased RBC units transfused intraoperatively (by 0.6 units; p < 0.001) and perioperatively (by 0.3 units; p = 0.024). The medium-dose group had increased blood loss (by 491.8 mL; p = 0.006) as well as increased RBC units transfused intraoperatively (by 0.7 units; p < 0.001) and perioperatively (by 0.5 units; p < 0.001) compared with the high-dose group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ASD who received high-dose intraoperative TXA had fewer RBC transfusions intraoperatively, fewer RBC transfusions perioperatively, and less blood loss than those who received low or medium-dose TXA, with no differences in the rates of seizure or thromboembolic complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kevin C Mo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew B Harris
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Renaud Lafage
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Brian J Neuman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Han Jo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Eric O Klineberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Jeffrey L Gum
- Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Munish C Gupta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - D Kojo Hamilton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Frank Schwab
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Doug Burton
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alan Daniels
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Peter G Passias
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY
| | | | - Breton G Line
- Denver International Spine Center, Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children and Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Christopher Ames
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Virginie Lafage
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Christopher I Shaffrey
- Department of Neurosurgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Justin S Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shay Bess
- Denver International Spine Center, Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children and Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Lawrence Lenke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Spine Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Khaled M Kebaish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Hasan MS, Leong MH, Lee ZY, Chiu CK, Chan CYW, Kwan MK, Yunus SN. Association of single bolus versus bolus followed by infusion of tranexamic acid with blood loss in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Perioper Med (Lond) 2024; 13:94. [PMID: 39350225 PMCID: PMC11443673 DOI: 10.1186/s13741-024-00452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) corrective surgery may involve significant blood loss and blood transfusion requirements. Antifibrinolytic agents such as tranexamic acid (TXA) have been used to reduce blood loss, but its optimal dose is uncertain. The objective of this study is to determine the estimated blood loss and rate of blood transfusion between two groups of AIS patients receiving TXA as a single bolus versus bolus followed by infusion in scoliosis surgery. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of a single bolus versus bolus followed by infusion of TXA in AIS surgery. AIS patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) from December 2018 to September 2019 at a tertiary university hospital were identified. Inclusion criteria were patients aged between 10 and 21 years who received either a single bolus of 30 mg/kg TXA (Group A) or a single bolus of 30 mg/kg followed by continuous infusion of 10 mg/kg/h of TXA (Group B). Patient demographics, operative data, estimated blood loss, blood transfusion rate, and complications were recorded. RESULTS A total of 129 AIS patients were included. All operative surgeries were performed by two senior consultants. The mean age was 14.8 ± 3.4 years old, and 89.1% were female. The Cobb angle, number of fusion levels, number of screws, length of skin incision, and duration of surgery were comparable between the two groups. There was no difference in the total estimated blood loss between the two groups: 723.3 ± 279.4 mL (range: 175.0-1607.0 mL) in Group A and 819.4 ± 302.6 mL (range: 330.0-1556.0 mL) in Group B (p = 0.065). There were no complications, and none received blood transfusion. CONCLUSION TXA when administered as a single bolus or bolus followed by infusion in AIS patients undergoing PSF surgery was associated with similar estimated total surgical blood loss and blood transfusion requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahnaz Hasan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mew Har Leong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zheng-Yii Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chee Kidd Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chris Yin Wei Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mun Keong Kwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (NOCERAL), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nadzrah Yunus
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Universiti Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ragel BT, McGehee M, Karvelas N, Raslan AM. Smaller thoracic canal diameters are associated with thoracic radiculopathy and abdominal pain after spinal cord stimulator paddle lead placement. Pain Pract 2024. [PMID: 39239949 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is not uncommon for patients to experience postoperative neurologic deficit, thoracic radiculopathy, abdominal pain, or lower extremity paresthesia after the implantation of thoracic spinal cord stimulator (SCS) paddle leads. Smaller thoracic canal diameters have previously been associated with postoperative neurologic deficits. OBJECTIVE This imaging study examined whether postoperative SCS neurologic complaints other than neurologic deficit may be correlated with thoracic spinal canal diameter. METHODS Patients who underwent thoracic laminotomy for SCS paddle lead placement between January 2018 and March 2023 were identified. Preoperative thoracic canal diameter was measured on MRI or CT imaging in the sagittal plane from T5/6 to T11/12. The canal diameters of patients with and without new postoperative neurologic complaints were compared. RESULTS Two hundred forty-six patients underwent thoracic laminotomy for SCS paddle lead placement. Thoracic radiculopathy, abdominal pain, and lower extremity paresthesia occurred in 3.7% (9/246), 2.8% (7/246), and 2.0% (5/246) patients, respectively. The mean canal diameter for patients without neurologic complaint, thoracic radiculopathy, abdominal pain, and lower extremity paresthesia was 13.1 mm, 12.0 mm (p < 0.0001), 12.1 mm (p < 0.01), and 12.8 mm (p = 0.365), respectively. CONCLUSION A smaller thoracic canal diameter is associated with postoperative thoracic radiculopathy and abdominal pain. We believe that surgical planning to create adequate space for SCS leads is critical in preventing postoperative neurologic complaints of deficit, thoracic radiculopathy, and abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Ragel
- Division of Neurosurgery, Rebound Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew McGehee
- Department of Physiatry, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicolas Karvelas
- Division of Physiatry, Rebound Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | - Ahmed M Raslan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Sawant S, Deshpande SV, Wamborikar H, Jadawala VH, Suneja A, Goel S, Patel V. The Impact of Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss Management in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e65386. [PMID: 39184800 PMCID: PMC11344607 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely performed surgical procedure to restore function and relieve pain in patients with advanced knee arthritis. One of the key challenges in TKA is managing perioperative blood loss, which can lead to complications such as postoperative anemia and the need for blood transfusions. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has shown promising results in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements in various surgical settings, including TKA. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence regarding the efficacy and safety profile of TXA in primary TKA. Mechanistically, TXA functions by inhibiting the breakdown of fibrin clots, promoting hemostasis, and minimizing blood loss. Clinical studies evaluating TXA in TKA have consistently demonstrated significant reductions in blood loss parameters, including total blood loss, postoperative drain output, and transfusion rates. Key findings highlight the efficacy of TXA across different dosing regimens and administration routes, with minimal associated risks of thromboembolic events or adverse effects. Comparative analyses with other blood conservation strategies underscore TXA's superiority in reducing transfusion requirements and its cost-effectiveness in clinical practice. The review also discusses current clinical guidelines and recommendations for TXA use in TKA, emphasizing optimal dosing strategies and patient selection criteria. Future research directions include exploring the long-term outcomes of TXA administration and its impact on functional recovery, and refining protocols to enhance its efficacy and safety further. In conclusion, TXA represents a valuable adjunct in blood loss management during primary TKA, offering substantial benefits in patient outcomes, healthcare resource utilization, and cost-effectiveness. Continued research efforts are warranted to optimize its use and expand its applicability in orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Sawant
- Department of Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sanjay V Deshpande
- Department of Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Hitendra Wamborikar
- Department of Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vivek H Jadawala
- Department of Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anmol Suneja
- Department of Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sachin Goel
- Department of Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vatsal Patel
- Department of Orthopedics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Zhang Y, Zhang L. Reply to: Letter to the Editor Concerning "The Efficacy and Safety of Topical Saline Irrigation with Tranexamic Acid on Perioperative Blood Loss in Patients Treated with PELD" by Kim et al. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2024; 85:437-438. [PMID: 38151029 DOI: 10.1055/a-2235-5524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zahra W, Nayar SK, Bhadresha A, Jasani V, Aftab S. Safety of tranexamic acid in surgically treated isolated spine trauma. World J Orthop 2024; 15:346-354. [PMID: 38680673 PMCID: PMC11045465 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i4.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA), a synthetic antifibrinolytic drug, effectively reduces blood loss by inhibiting plasmin-induced fibrin breakdown. This is the first study in the United Kingdom to investigate the effectiveness of TXA in the surgical management of isolated spine trauma. AIM To assess the safety of TXA in isolated spine trauma. The primary and secondary outcomes are to assess the rate of thromboembolic events and to evaluate blood loss and the incidence of blood transfusion, respectively. METHODS This prospective observational study included patients aged ≥ 17 years with isolated spine trauma requiring surgical intervention over a 6-month period at two major trauma centers in the United Kingdom. RESULTS We identified 67 patients: 26 (39%) and 41 (61%) received and did not receive TXA, respectively. Both groups were matched in terms of age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, and mechanism of injury. A higher proportion of patients who received TXA had a subaxial cervical spine injury classification or thoracolumbar injury classification score > 4 (74% vs 56%). All patients in the TXA group underwent an open approach with a mean of 5 spinal levels involved and an average operative time of 203 min, compared with 24 patients (58%) in the non-TXA group who underwent an open approach with an average of 3 spinal levels involved and a mean operative time of 159 min. Among patients who received TXA, blood loss was < 150 and 150-300 mL in 8 (31%) and 15 (58%) patients, respectively. There were no cases of thromboembolic events in any patient who received TXA. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that TXA is safe for isolated spine trauma. It is challenging to determine whether TXA effectively reduces blood loss because most surgeons prefer TXA for open or multilevel cases. Further, larger studies are necessary to explore the rate, dosage, and mode of administration of TXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajiha Zahra
- Trauma and Orthopedics Department, University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep Krishan Nayar
- Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Institute, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Ashwin Bhadresha
- Trauma and Orthopedics Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Institute, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
| | - Vinay Jasani
- Craniospinal Services, University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 6QG, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Aftab
- Spine Department, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Institute, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
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Alimohammadi E. Letter to the Editor - "Preventing Surgical Site Hematoma Using Topical with or without Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Lumbosacral Surgery: A Quality Improvement Project". World Neurosurg 2024; 182:226-227. [PMID: 38390884 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alimohammadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Faldini C, Viroli G, Traversari M, Manzetti M, Ialuna M, Sartini F, Cargeli A, Parisi SC, Ruffilli A. Ponte Osteotomies in the Surgical Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:92. [PMID: 38255405 PMCID: PMC10814379 DOI: 10.3390/children11010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is to assess if Ponte osteotomies (POs) allow for a better correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery and to investigate their safety profile. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Inclusion criteria: comparative studies that reported the outcomes of AIS patients who underwent surgical correction through posterior-only approach with and without POs. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were extracted and summarized. Meta-analyses were performed to estimate the differences between patients treated with and without POs. p < 0.05 was considered significant. In total, 9 studies were included. No significant difference in thoracic kyphosis (TK) change between patients treated with and without POs was found (+3.8°; p = 0.06). Considering only hypokyphotic patients, a significant difference in TK change resulted in POs patients (+6.6°; p < 0.01), while a non-significant TK change resulted in normokyphotic patients (+0.2°; p = 0.96). No significant difference in coronal correction (2.5°; p = 0.10) was recorded. Significant estimated blood loss (EBL) (142.5 mL; p = 0.04) and surgical time (21.5 min; p = 0.04) differences were found with POs. Regarding complications rate, the meta-analysis showed a non-significant log odds ratio of 1.1 (p = 0.08) with POs. In conclusion, POs allow for the restoration of TK in hypokyphotic AIS, without a significantly greater TK change in normokyphotic patients, nor a significantly better coronal correction. Considering the significantly greater EBL and the trend toward a higher complications rate, the correct indication for POs is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Faldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.P.); (A.R.)
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Viroli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.P.); (A.R.)
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Traversari
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.P.); (A.R.)
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Manzetti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.P.); (A.R.)
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Ialuna
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.P.); (A.R.)
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Sartini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.P.); (A.R.)
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cargeli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.P.); (A.R.)
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Claudia Parisi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.P.); (A.R.)
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Ruffilli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science—DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (M.T.); (M.M.); (M.I.); (F.S.); (A.C.); (S.C.P.); (A.R.)
- 1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Ragel BT, Riedman T, McGehee M, Raslan AM. Analysis of spinal canal diameter in the placement of thoracic spinal cord stimulator paddle leads. Pain Pract 2024; 24:91-100. [PMID: 37626446 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurologic deficit is known as a rare complication of thoracic spinal cord stimulator (SCS) paddle lead implantation, but many believe its incidence after SCS paddle lead placement is under-reported. It is possible that imaging characteristics may be used to help predict safe paddle lead placement. OBJECTIVE This imaging study was undertaken to determine the minimum canal diameter required for safe paddle lead placement. METHODS Patients who underwent thoracic laminotomy for new SCS paddle lead placement from January 2018 to March 2023 were identified retrospectively. Preoperative thoracic canal diameter was measured in the sagittal plane perpendicular to the disc space from T5/6 to T11/12. These thoracic levels were chosen because they span the most common levels targeted for SCS placement. Patients with and without new neurologic deficits were compared using a Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Of 185 patients initially identified, 180 had thoracic imaging available for review. One (0.5%) and 2 (1.1%) of 185 patients complained of permanent and transient neurologic deficit after thoracic SCS placement, respectively. Patients with neurologic deficits had average canal diameters of <11 mm. The average canal diameter of patients with and without neurologic deficits was 10.2 mm (range 6.1-12.9 mm) and 13.0 mm (range 5.9-20.2), respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Postoperative neurologic deficit is an uncommon complication after thoracic laminotomy for SCS paddle lead placement. The authors recommend ensuring a starting thoracic canal diameter of at least 12 mm to accommodate a SCS paddle lead measuring 2 mm thick to ensure a final diameter of >10 mm. If canal diameter is <12 mm, aggressive undercutting of the lamina, a second laminotomy, or placement of smaller SCS wire leads should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Ragel
- Division of Neurosurgery, Rebound Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tressa Riedman
- Division of Neurosurgery, Rebound Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Physiatry, Rebound Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Matthew McGehee
- Division of Physiatry, Rebound Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ahmed M Raslan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Joiner EF, Mummaneni PV, Shaffrey CI, Chan AK. Posterior-based Osteotomies for Deformity Correction. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2023; 34:555-566. [PMID: 37718102 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Posterior-based osteotomies are crucial to the restoration of lordosis in adult spinal deformity. Posterior-column osteotomies are suited for patients with an unfused anterior column and non-focal sagittal deformity requiring modest correction in lordosis. When performed on multiple levels, posterior-column osteotomy may provide significant harmonious correction in patients who require more extensive correction. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy and vertebral column resection are appropriate for patients with a fused anterior column and more severe deformity, particularly focal and/or multiplanar deformity. The power of pedicle subtraction osteotomy and vertebral column resection to provide greater correction and to address multiplanar deformity comes at the cost of higher complication rates than posterior-column osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan F Joiner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University-NewYork Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA. https://twitter.com/efjoiner
| | - Praveen V Mummaneni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue M779, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christopher I Shaffrey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, 40 Duke Medicine Circle Clinic 1B/1C, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, 40 Duke Medicine Circle Clinic 1B/1C, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Andrew K Chan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, NewYork-Presbyterian Och Spine Hospital, 5141 Broadway, 3FW, New York, NY, USA.
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Hu Y, Qi J, Dong Y, Zhang H, Zhou Q, Bai J, Wang C, Chen Z, Li W, Tian Y, Sun C. Development and validation of a novel thoracic spinal stenosis surgical invasiveness index: a single-center study based on 989 patients. Spine J 2023; 23:1296-1305. [PMID: 37100245 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Surgical invasiveness indices have been established for general spine surgery (surgical invasiveness index [SII]), spine deformity, and metastatic spine tumors; however, a specific index for thoracic spinal stenosis (TSS) has not been developed. PURPOSE To develop and validate a novel invasiveness index, incorporating TSS-specific factors for open posterior TSS surgery, which may facilitate the prediction of operative duration and intraoperative blood loss, and the stratification of surgical risk. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective observational study. PATIENT SAMPLE Overall, 989 patients who underwent open posterior TSS surgeries at our institution during the past 5 years were included. OUTCOME MEASURES The operation duration, estimated blood loss, transfusion status, major surgical complications, length of hospital stay, and medical expenses. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the data of 989 consecutive patients who underwent posterior surgery for TSS between March 2017 and February 2022. Among them, 70% (n=692) were randomly placed in a training cohort, and the remaining 30% (n=297) automatically constituted the validation cohort. Multivariate linear regression models of operative time and log-transformed estimated blood loss were created using TSS-specific factors. Beta coefficients derived from these models were used to construct a TSS invasiveness index (TII). The ability of the TII to predict surgical invasiveness was compared with that of the SII and assessed in a validation cohort. RESULTS The TII was more strongly correlated with operative time and estimated blood loss (p<.05) and explained more variability in operative time and estimated blood loss than the SII (p<.05). The TII explained 64.2% of operative time and 34.6% of estimated blood loss variation, whereas the SII explained 38.7% and 22.5%, respectively. In further verification, the TII was more strongly associated with transfusion rate, drainage time, and length of hospital stay than SII (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS By incorporating TSS-specific components, the newly developed TII more accurately predicts the invasiveness of open posterior TSS surgery than the previous index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junbo Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanlei Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Medical Statistics, Clinical Trails Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhong Shan Er Rd, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jvcheng Bai
- Shoulder Surgery Department of the Institute of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chaoxin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuiguo Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, No. 49 North Garden Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
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12
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Rasouli JJ, Steinberger J. Editorial: Optimization of spine surgery outcomes in the pre-, peri-, and postoperative settings. Front Surg 2023; 10:1235095. [PMID: 37671033 PMCID: PMC10476094 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1235095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Steinberger
- Department of Neurosurgery and Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Director, Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Health Systems, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Keneally RJ, Lemos Lopes LH, Heekin ME, Chow JH, Heinz ER, Rosner MK, Mazzeffi MA. Sugammadex and blood loss during cervical spine fusion surgery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2023; 39:468-473. [PMID: 38025572 PMCID: PMC10661647 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_551_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Sugammadex (SUG) has been associated with changes in coagulation studies. Most reports have concluded a lack of clinical significance based on surgical blood loss with SUG use at the end of surgery. Previous reports have not measured its use intraoperatively during ongoing blood loss. Our hypothesis was that the use of SUG intraoperatively may increase bleeding. Material and Methods This was a single site retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing a primary posterior cervical spine fusion, aged over 18 years, between July 2015 and June 2021. The primary outcomes compared were intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL) and postoperative drain output (PDO) between patients receiving SUG, neostigmine (NEO) and no NMB reversal agent. The objective was to determine if there was a difference in primary endpoints between patients administered SUG, NEO or no paralytic reversal agent. Primary endpoints were compared using analysis of variance with a P value of 0.05 used to determine statistical significance. Groups were compared using the Chi-squared test, rank sum or student's t test. A logistic regression model was constructed to account for differences between the groups. Results There was no difference in median EBL or PDO between groups. The use of SUG was not associated with an increase in odds for >500 milliliters (ml) of EBL. Increasing duration of surgery and chronic kidney disease were both associated with an increased risk for EBL >500 ml. Conclusion Intraoperative use of SUG was not associated with increased bleeding. Any coagulation laboratory abnormalities previously noted did not appear to have an associated clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Keneally
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Mary E. Heekin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jonathan H. Chow
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Eric R. Heinz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Michael K. Rosner
- Department of Neurosurgery, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Michael A. Mazzeffi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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14
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Surgical bleeding in patients undergoing posterior lumbar inter-body fusion surgery: a randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of two mechanical ventilation mode types. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:114. [PMID: 36907880 PMCID: PMC10008144 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of using volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) versus pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) on blood loss in patients undergoing posterior lumbar inter-body fusion (PLIF) surgery. METHODS In a randomized, single-blinded, parallel design, 78 patients, candidates for PLIF surgery, were randomly allocated into two groups of 39 to be mechanically ventilated using VCV or PCV mode. All the patients were operated in prone position by one surgeon. Amount of intraoperative surgical bleeding, transfusion requirement, surgeon satisfaction, hemodynamic parameters, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured as outcomes. RESULTS PCV group showed slightly better outcomes than VCV group in terms of mean blood loss (431 cc vs. 465 cc), transfusion requirement (0.40 vs. 0.43 unit), and surgeon satisfaction (82.1% vs. 74.4%); however, the differences were not statistically significant. Diastolic blood pressure 90 and 105 min after induction were significantly lower in PCV group (P = 0.043-0.019, respectively); however, blood pressure at other times, hemoglobin levels, and mean heart rate were similar in two groups. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing posterior lumbar inter-body fusion surgery, mode of ventilation cannot make significant difference in terms of blood loss; however, some minor benefits in outcomes may lead to the selection of PCV rather than VCV. More studies with larger sample size, and investigating more factors may be needed.
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Tan H, Pan S, Wei C, Chen Z, Chen T. Comparative efficacy and safety of different hemostatic medications during spinal surgery: A network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32923. [PMID: 36862901 PMCID: PMC9981439 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant blood loss is still one of the most frequent issues in spinal surgery. There were different hemostatic methods to prevent blood loss during spinal surgery. However, the optimal hemostatic therapy for spinal surgery is controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of different hemostatic therapies in spinal surgery. METHODS Two independent reviewers conducted electronic literature searches in 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library database) as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies from inception to Nov 2022. Studies that including different hemostatic therapy (tranexamic acid [TXA], epsilon-acetyl aminocaproic acid [EACA], and aprotinin [AP]) for spinal surgery were included. The Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) analysis was performed to determine the ranking order. All analyses were performed by R software and Stata software. P value less than .05 was identified as statistically significant. RESULTS Finally, a total of 34 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and finally included in this network meta-analysis. The SUCRA shows that TXA ranked first (SUCRA, 88.4%), AP ranked second (SUCRA, 71.6%), EACA ranked third (SUCRA, 39.9%), and placebo ranked the last (SUCRA, 0.3%) as for total blood loss. The SUCRA shows that TXA ranked first (SUCRA, 97.7%), AP ranked second (SUCRA, 55.8%), EACA ranked third (SUCRA, 46.2%), and placebo ranked the last (SUCRA, 0.2%) for need for transfusion. CONCLUSIONS TXA appears optimal in the reduction of perioperative bleeding and blood transfusion during spinal surgery. However, considering the limitations in this study, more large-scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Tan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center), Haikou, China
| | - Songli Pan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center), Haikou, China
| | - Chuanchun Wei
- Department of Anesthesia and Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhilin Chen
- Department of Breast surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center), Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Chen, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center), No. 31, Longhua Road, Longhua District, Haikou, Hainan 570102, China (e-mail: )
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16
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Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Reduces Blood Loss in Multilevel Spine Surgeries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2023; 31:e226-e230. [PMID: 36469851 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-22-00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complex spine surgeries are associated with notable blood loss requiring numerous strategies to preserve blood volume. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is efficacious in reducing blood loss when used topically during surgery, intravenously with or without postoperative maintenance treatment. We aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative weight-independent intravenous administration of 1 g intravenous TXA on perioperative blood loss in lumbar microdiskectomy, single-level lumbar spinal fusion, and multilevel lumbar decompression (two or more levels). METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study comparing patients who underwent microdiskectomy, single-level lumbar fusion, and multilevel laminectomies with and without preoperative IV TXA administration between 2016 and 2020. RESULTS Two hundred ten patients underwent spine surgery without preoperative IV TXA administration between 2016 and 2018 compared with 109 patients who received preoperative 1 g of IV TXA between 2018 and 2020. Preoperative IV TXA treatment did not change blood loss after microdiskectomy, 77.2 ± 53.9 mL and 77.2 ± 95.2 mL, respectively ( P = 0.792). Preoperative IV TXA treatment reduced blood loss after multilevel lumbar laminectomy and lumbar posterior spinal fusion with a transforaminal intervertebral fusion (PSF and TLIF) ( P = 0.004 and P = 0.0001, respectively). The same effect was found for intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage, with preoperative TXA administration reducing intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage for the multilevel lumbar laminectomy and lumbar PSF and TLIF cohorts. No IV TXA treatment adverse events were registered in all cohorts. CONCLUSION A routine administration of preoperative weight-independent 1 g intravenous TXA protocol is efficacious and safe in reducing perioperative blood loss for lumbar multilevel laminectomies and PSF and TLIFs.
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17
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Külzer M, Weigand MA, Pepke W, Larmann J. [Anesthesia in spinal surgery]. DIE ANAESTHESIOLOGIE 2023; 72:143-154. [PMID: 36695838 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-023-01255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative patient care have led to a considerable increase in surgical procedures of the spine worldwide. Therefore, the spectrum was extended from minimally invasive procedures up to complex operations over several segments of the spinal column with high loss of blood and complex perioperative management. This article presents the principal pillars of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management relating to spinal surgery. Furthermore, procedure-specific features, such as airway management in cervical spine instability or implementation of intraoperative neuromonitoring are dealt with in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Külzer
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Wojciech Pepke
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Jan Larmann
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland
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Amoroso K, Okano I, Sarin M, Hughes AP, Zelenty WD, Shue J, Sama AA, Cammisa FP, Girardi FP, Soffin EM. Comparative effectiveness of anesthetic technique on outcomes after lumbar spine surgery: a retrospective propensity score-matched analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, 2009-2019. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2023; 48:343-348. [PMID: 36650026 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of anesthetic technique on spine surgery outcomes is controversial. Using a large national sample of patients, we compared outcomes after lumbar decompression under regional anesthesia (RA: spinal or epidural) or general anesthesia (GA). METHODS A retrospective population-based study of American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data (2009-2019). Patients were propensity score (PS) matched 3:1 (GA:RA) on demographic and surgical variables. The primary outcome was the association between anesthetic type and any complication (cardiac, pulmonary, renal, transfusion, stroke, infectious, deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolus). Secondary outcomes included the association between anesthetic type and individual complications, readmission and length of stay (LOS). Unadjusted comparisons (OR, 95% CI), logistic regression and adjusted generalized linear modeling (parameter estimate, PE, 95% CI) were performed before and after PS matching. RESULTS Of 1 51 010 cases, 149 996 (99.3%) were performed under GA, and 1014 (0.67%) under RA. After matching, 3042 patients with GA were compared with 1014 patients with RA. On unadjusted analyses, RA was associated with lower odds of complications (OR 0.43, 0.3 to 0.6, p<0.001), shorter LOS (RA: 1.1±3.8 days vs GA: 1.3±3.0 days; p<0.001) and fewer blood transfusions (RA: 3/1014, 0.3% vs GA: 40/3042, 1.3%; p=0.004). In adjusted analyses, RA was associated with fewer complications (PE -0.43, -0.81 to -0.06, p=0.02) and shorter LOS (PE -0.76, -0.90 to -0.63, p<0.001). There was no significant association between anesthetic type and readmission (PE -0.34, -0.74 to 0.05, p=0.09). CONCLUSIONS Compared with GA, RA was associated with fewer complications, less blood transfusion and shorter LOS after spine surgery. Although statistically significant, the magnitude of effects was small and requires further prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ichiro Okano
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michele Sarin
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander P Hughes
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - William D Zelenty
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Shue
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew A Sama
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frank P Cammisa
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Federico P Girardi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ellen M Soffin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Farzanegan G, Ahmadpour F, Khoshmohabbat H, Khadivi M, Rasouli HR, Eslamian M. The Effect of Topical Tranexamic Acid on Intraoperative Blood Loss in Patients Undergoing Posterior Lumbar Laminectomy and Discectomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Study. Asian Spine J 2022; 16:857-864. [PMID: 35184518 PMCID: PMC9827208 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2021.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial study. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical tranexamic acid (TXA) on intraoperative blood loss (IBL) in patients that have degenerative lumbar canal stenosis and undergo posterior lumbar laminectomy and discectomy. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE The volume of IBL is directly proportional to potential surgical complications. Recent reports have shown that the topical use of antifibrinolytic drugs, such as TXA, during surgery might decrease IBL and improve patient outcomes. METHODS A total of 104 patients with lumbar canal stenosis were enrolled in this randomized, double blinded clinical trial. Participants were randomized and divided into two groups: TXA (54 cases) and control (50 cases). In the TXA group, a TXA solution was used for washing and soaking, whereas, in the control group, irrigation of wound was with normal saline. IBL, pre- and postoperative coagulative studies, operation time, conventional hemostatic agent usage, systemic complications, and length of hospitalization were consecutively recorded. All participants were followed for an additional two months to gather data on their recovery status and time to return to work (RTW). RESULTS At baseline, there was no difference in clinical or lab findings, between the groups. IBL and use of hemostatic agents were significantly decreased in TXA group, as compared to the control group (p=0.001 and p=0.011, respectively). Systemic complications, length of hospitalization, and RTW were not significantly different between groups (p=0.47, p=0.38, and p=0.08, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that topical use of TXA during surgery may decrease IBL and minimize the use of hemostatic materials during posterior midline-approach laminectomy and discectomy, without increasing the potential for complications seen with intravenous TXA usage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fathollah Ahmadpour
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Hadi Khoshmohabbat
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Masoud Khadivi
- Spine Center of Excellence, Yas Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rasouli
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Mohammad Eslamian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
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20
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Nicholson TA, Kirsch JM, Churchill R, Lazarus MD, Abboud JA, Namdari S. The effect of tranexamic acid for visualization on pump pressure and visualization during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: an anonymized, randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2022; 31:2211-2216. [PMID: 35970278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been used surgically to decrease blood loss. The ability of TXA to improve arthroscopic visualization and allow for reduction in pump pressure is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous (IV) TXA on change in pump pressure and visualization during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. METHODS This was a single-center, prospective, randomized, double-anonymized controlled trial. Patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears undergoing operative repair were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive 1 g of IV TXA preoperatively or no TXA (control group). All patients underwent arthroscopy using saline irrigation fluid with 3 mL epinephrine injected into the first 1000-mL saline bag. Total operative time, final pump pressure, number of increases in pump pressure, total amount of irrigation fluid used, blood pressure and anesthesia medical interventions for blood pressure were recorded. Visualization was measured by a visual analog scale (VAS) completed by the surgeon at the end of the case. Postoperative VAS pain scores were obtained 24 hours after surgery. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect that IV TXA has on change in pump pressure (ΔP) during shoulder arthroscopy, with a ΔP of 15 mm Hg set as a threshold for clinical significance. RESULTS There were 50 patients randomized to the TXA group and 50 patients in the no TXA group. No significant differences were found between the TXA group and the control group regarding any measure of pump pressure, including the final arthroscopic fluid pump pressure (44.5 ± 8.1 mm Hg vs. 42.0 ± 8.08 mm Hg, P = .127), the mean ΔP (20.9 ± 10.5 mm Hg vs. 21.8 ± 8.5 mm Hg, P = .845), or the number of times a change in pump pressure was required (1.7 ± 0.9 vs. 1.7 ± 0.8, P = .915). Overall arthroscopic visualization was not significantly different between the TXA group and the control group (7.2 ± 1.8 vs. 7.4 ± 1.6, P = .464). No significant difference existed between the TXA and control groups regarding postoperative pain scores assessed by VAS pain scale (4.1 ± 2.0 vs. 4.3 ± 1.9, P = .519) at 24 hours after surgery. CONCLUSION The use of IV TXA demonstrated no measurable improvement in surgeon ability to maintain a lower pump pressure during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Additionally, there was no measurable improvement in arthroscopic visualization or early pain scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thema A Nicholson
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacob M Kirsch
- Boston Sports and Shoulder Center at New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark D Lazarus
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Abboud
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Surena Namdari
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Qin C, Du KL, Guo PY, Gong HD, Zhang CQ. Tranexamic acid dosage for spinal surgery: a meta-analysis. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2022; 31:2493-2501. [PMID: 35842492 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-022-07315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy of different doses of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) in spinal surgery. METHODS We searched relevant academic articles from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI. Two reviewers independently selected studies, assessed quality, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. RevMan 5.4 was used for data analysis. RESULTS Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria and were identified, including 740 patients. According to the different dose regimens of intravenous TXA, the included studies' patients were divided into the high dose of intravenous TXA group and the low dose of intravenous TXA group. Compared with the low-dose group, the high-dose group can reduce the intraoperative blood loss (MD = - 100.87, 95% CI: [- 147.81, - 53.92], P < 0.0001). For the postoperative Hb and HCT, the high-dose group can separately maintain 4.54 g/dL (MD = 4.54, 95% CI: [2.08, 6.99], P = 0.003) and 1.27% (MD = 1.27, 95% CI: [0.59, 1.94], P = 0.0002). There were no statistically significant differences in total blood loss, preoperative Hb and HCT, operative time, and blood transfusion rate between the high-dose group and the low-dose group. CONCLUSIONS Based on the present meta-analysis, compared with the low-dose of intravenous TXA in spinal surgery, the high dose of intravenous TXA decreases the intraoperative blood loss and preserves higher postoperative Hb and HCT levels without increasing the operative time and blood transfusion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Kai-Li Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Pei-Yu Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-da Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Chun-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, No. 295, Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China.
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22
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Kanhere AP, Lambrechts MJ, Issa TZ, Karamian BA, Hendow CJ, Reddy YC, Slota PJ, D'Antonio ND, Kaye ID, Canseco JA, Woods BI, Hilibrand AS, Kepler CK, Vaccaro AR, Schroeder GD. The Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Operative and Postoperative Blood Loss in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusions. World Neurosurg 2022; 166:e443-e450. [PMID: 35840090 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on reducing perioperative blood loss and length of stay after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Spine surgery is associated with the potential for significant blood loss, and adequate hemostasis is essential to visualizing crucial structures during the approach and procedure. Although TXA use has been extensively studied in the pediatric and adult spinal deformity literature, there is a dearth of literature on its efficacy in reducing blood loss for patients who undergo 1- to 3-level TLIF. METHODS All patients requiring 1- to 3-level TLIF who received a preoperative loading dose of TXA were grouped and compared with patients who didn't receive TXA. Demographic, surgical, and laboratory values were collected and analyzed. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed with χ2, Kruskal-Wallis, or analysis of variance tests, depending on normality and data type. Multiple linear regressions were developed to determine independent predictors of the estimated blood loss (EBL), total blood loss, drain output, and length of stay. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Patients who received preoperative TXA had more comorbidities (P = 0.006), longer surgery length (P < 0.001), and longer length of stay (P = 0.004). TXA was independently associated with a decreased day 0, 1, 2, and total drain output (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.007, P < 0.001, respectively), but was not associated with a change in EBL, total blood loss, or length of stay. CONCLUSIONS The application of preoperative TXA for patients undergoing 1- to 3-level TLIF reduced drain output in the first 2 postoperative days, but it did not affect hospital length of stay, total blood loss, or EBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun P Kanhere
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark J Lambrechts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Tariq Ziad Issa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian A Karamian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chelsea J Hendow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yashas C Reddy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul J Slota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas D D'Antonio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian David Kaye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jose A Canseco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barrett I Woods
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan S Hilibrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher K Kepler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander R Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory D Schroeder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Abdou M, Kwon JW, Kim HJ, Lee B, Choi YS, Moon SH, Lee BH. Tranexamic Acid and Intraoperative and Postoperative Accumulative Bleeding in Elective Degenerative Spine Surgery. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:927-932. [PMID: 36168245 PMCID: PMC9520043 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Spinal surgeries are often associated with a high incidence of perioperative blood loss, which poses several complications. Much current research focuses on the importance of antifibrinolytic drugs during spinal surgeries to reduce blood loss, which can also reduce the risk of the need for blood transfusions. We evaluated the effects of prophylactic, low-dose tranexamic acid (TXA) in spinal fusion surgeries on blood loss, blood transfusions, and associated complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS TXA was administered to 90 patients at a constant infusion rate of 10 mg/kg for 20 minutes after anesthesia induction, followed by a maintenance dose of 1 mg/kg/h until the end of the operation. An additional 91 patients were included as controls. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the study groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, which was 500 mL for both groups (p>0.999). Also, intraoperative blood transfusion requirements were similar between both groups (p=0.330). Mean blood transfusion amounts were 125±35 mL for patients in the TXA group and 85±25 mL in the control group. However, there was a significant reduction in postoperative blood transfusion (p=0.003) in the TXA group. Only three cases in the TXA group required blood transfusion, while 15 cases in the control group did. CONCLUSION We confirmed that low dose TXA has no effect on intraoperative blood loss volume or blood transfusion requirements and that it can significantly reduce the need for postoperative blood transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fayoum University College of Medicine, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ji-Won Kwon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Anesthesia, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Anesthesia, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Seon Choi
- Department of Anesthesia, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Tranexamic Acid Associated With Less Wound Complications in Ankle and Hindfoot Surgery: Level III, Retrospective Cohort Study. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022; 30:789-797. [PMID: 35858253 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-21-01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine whether total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) and ankle/hindfoot fusion patients receiving tranexamic acid (TXA) exhibit fewer wound complications. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of 212 patients (217 feet) undergoing TAA (n = 72), ankle (n = 36), tibiotalocalcaneal (n = 20), pantalar (n = 1), or hindfoot fusion (ie, subtalar = 47, double = 33, and triple = 8) between 2015 and 2020 by a fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon at an academic medical center. Demographics, medical history, complications, and union status were compared between TXA (n = 101) and non-TXA (n = 116) cohorts. The mean follow-up was 1.24 years (range, 0.25 to 4.68). RESULTS The TXA group had significantly less postoperative infections (5.9% versus 15.5%, P = 0.025). Within a subgroup analysis of ankle/hindfoot fusions, the TXA group exhibited significantly more Charcot neuroarthropathy (20.7% versus 5.7%, P = 0.006) and shorter follow-up duration (0.96 versus 1.30 years, P = 0.030); however, TXA was associated with shorter time to fusion (146 versus 202 days, P = 0.049) and fewer revision surgeries (8.6% versus 21.8%, P = 0.036). Subgroup analysis excluding feet with Charcot also demonstrated less postoperative infections (4.5% versus 14.4%, P = 0.020). Subgroup analysis of TAAs showed fewer cases of superficial infections (2.3% versus 27.6%, P = 0.002) and delayed wound healing (25.6% versus 48.3%, P = 0.047) in the TXA cohort. DISCUSSION TXA use in ankle/hindfoot surgery was correlated with a reduction in superficial infections and radiographic time to union. The use of TXA in TAA correlated with fewer superficial infections and cases of delayed wound healing. Thus, in addition to other areas of orthopaedics, TXA seems to be beneficial in hindfoot and ankle surgery. DATA AVAILABILITY AND TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS All data were obtained from our institution's medical records. This study is not associated with a clinical trial.
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25
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Alfitian J, Scheyerer MJ, Rohde A, Schick V, Kammerer T, Schier R. Omission of tranexamic acid does not increase the amount of perioperative blood transfusions in patients undergoing one-level spinal fusion surgery: a retrospective propensity score-matched noninferiority study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 143:2943-2950. [PMID: 35708870 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Application of tranexamic acid (TXA) in spine surgery is very frequent even without signs of hyperfibrinolysis, although its beneficial blood-saving effects are offset by harmful adverse events such as thromboembolic incidents. Thus, we investigated whether in relatively less invasive spinal procedures such as one-level posterior spinal fusion, omission of TXA affects the requirement for blood transfusions. METHODS We conducted a retrospective propensity score-matched noninferiority study with 212 patients who underwent one-level posterior spine fusion and who were stratified according to whether they received TXA intraoperatively at our tertiary care center. The primary endpoint was the volume of transfused packed red cells. Testing for noninferiority or equivalence was performed by two one-sided testing procedure (TOST) with a priori defined noninferiority margins ([Formula: see text]). RESULTS After propensity score matching a total of five patients (11.6%) treated with TXA were transfused compared with five patients (11.6%) who did not receive TXA. The majority of patients (51.2%) had a risk-increasing condition. The risk difference (no TXA-TXA) of intraoperative transfusion was - 4.7% (CI 90% - 13.62 to 4.32%), and omitting TXA was noninferior ([Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text] 10%). The mean intergroup difference in transfused volume (no TXA-TXA) was - 23.26 ml intraoperatively (CI 90% - 69.34 to 22.83 ml) and - 46.51 ml overall (CI 90% - 181.12 to 88.1 ml), respectively, suggesting equivalence of TXA omission ([Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text] 300 ml). The hemoglobin decline between both groups was also equivalent (with [Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text] 1 g/dl) both on the first postoperative day ([Formula: see text] Hb = 0.02 g/dl, CI 90% - 0.53 to 0.56 g/dl) and at discharge ([Formula: see text] Hb = - 0.29 g/dl, CI 90% - 0.89 to 0.31 g/dl). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that requirement of transfusion is rare among one-level fusion surgery and the omission of TXA is noninferior with regard to blood transfusion in high-risk patients undergoing this procedure. Therefore, the prophylactic use of TXA cannot be recommended here, suggesting to focus on alternative blood conservation strategies, if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Alfitian
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Max Joseph Scheyerer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Rohde
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Volker Schick
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Kammerer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Schier
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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26
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Lei T, Bingtao W, Zhaoqing G, Zhongqiang C, Xin L. The efficacy and safety of intravenous tranexamic acid in patients with posterior operation of multilevel thoracic spine stenosis: a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:410. [PMID: 35501751 PMCID: PMC9063045 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was a randomized controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of the usage of intravenous tranexamic acid during posterior operation of multilevel thoracic spine stenosis for controlling perioperative blood loss. Methods Sixty eight patients with multilevel thoracic spine stenosis were randomized into the tranexamic acid group receiving 15 mg/kg body weight before the skin incision was made and 1 mg/kg body weight per hour during operation or the control group receiving the same dose of placebo (0.9% sodium chloride solution) intravenously. Pedicle screw fixation, laminectomy and selective discectomy were performed. Intraoperative and perioperative total blood loss were compared. The necessity and amount for blood transfusion, blood coagulation function, durations of postoperative hospital stays were compared. The complications of tranexamic acid were also investigated such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, lower limb venous thrombosis. Results There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, ASA status, pathology required surgery, preoperative hemoglobin, operation time, laminectomy segments and discectomy segments between the tranexamic acid and control groups. The intraoperative blood loss (455.9 ± 206.6 ml vs 580.6 ± 224.3 ml, p < 0.05) and total blood loss (675.3 ± 170.3 ml vs 936.8 ± 306.4 ml, p < 0.01) in tranexamic acid group were significant lower than those in control group. The means of blood unit transfused (2.5 ± 1.0 vs 4.7 ± 2.4, p < 0.05) and Hb reduction in 48 h (22.5 ± 3.4 g/L vs 25.3 ± 3.9 g/L, p < 0.01) were significantly lower in tranexamic acid group than that in control group. There were no statistically significant differences in blood coagulation function pre-operation or 48 h post-operation between the tranexamic acid and the control groups. The requirements for patients to receive blood transfusion were fewer and durations of post-operational hospital stays were shorter in the tranexamic acid group, however, the difference did not achieve statistical significance. There was no significant difference in superficial or deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs or deterioration of neurological function between tranexamic acid group and control group. Conclusions Application of intravenous tranexamic acid significantly reduces intraoperative and perioperative total blood loss without significant side effects in posterior operation of multilevel thoracic spine stenosis. Trial registration At Chinese Clinal Trial Registry. http://www.chictr.org.cn/, ChiCTR2100054221. Registered on 11/12/2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05361-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University International Hospital, Life Park Road No 1 Life Science Park of Zhong Guancun, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wen Bingtao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University International Hospital, Life Park Road No 1 Life Science Park of Zhong Guancun, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Guo Zhaoqing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University International Hospital, Life Park Road No 1 Life Science Park of Zhong Guancun, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chen Zhongqiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University International Hospital, Life Park Road No 1 Life Science Park of Zhong Guancun, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liu Xin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University International Hospital, Life Park Road No 1 Life Science Park of Zhong Guancun, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, China.
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27
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Oezel L, Okano I, Hughes AP, Sarin M, Shue J, Sama AA, Cammisa FP, Girardi FP, Soffin EM. Longitudinal Trends of Patient Demographics and Morbidity of Different Approaches in Lumbar Interbody Fusion: An Analysis Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database. World Neurosurg 2022; 164:e183-e193. [PMID: 35472646 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to determine the time trend of demographics, complications, and outcomes for patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF/TLIF) or anterior lumbar interbody fusion/lateral lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF/LLIF) and to compare the differences in the time trends between both procedures. METHODS The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients undergoing PLIF/TLIF and ALIF/LLIF procedures. Outcomes were analyzed for differences between 2 time periods in the PLIF/TLIF and ALIF/LLIF cohorts separately (2009-2013 and 2015-2019). Longitudinal time trends of the 2 procedures were determined by difference-in-differences (DID) analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS For both approaches, there was an increase in age and American Society of Anesthesiologists class over time, accompanied by a significant decrease in blood transfusions and morbidity. The DID analysis showed a greater change in age (DID:-1.8%; P < 0.001), and more patients were rated American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3 (DID: -2.4%; P = 0.033) in the ALIF/LLIF cohort than in the PLIF/TLIF cohort. Length of stay declined significantly over time in both cohorts, with a greater reduction observed for patients who underwent ALIF/LLIF than for patients who underwent PLIF/TLIF (DID: 0.2%; P = 0.014). There were no changes in readmission rates over time in either cohort (PLIF/TLIF DID: 0.6%; P = 0.080; ALIF/LLIF DID: -0.2%; P = 0.696). CONCLUSIONS Time trends for PLIF/TLIF and ALIF/LIIF showed a significant increase in the number of older patients with complex medical status undergoing surgery. Despite these trends, there were decreases in overall postoperative morbidity, incidence of blood transfusion, and length of stay, without increasing readmission. These results suggest general improvement in surgical and perioperative management of lumbar fusion over time with greater gains found in ALIF/LLIF-specific care than in PLIF/TLIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Oezel
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA; Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ichiro Okano
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander P Hughes
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michele Sarin
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA; Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer Shue
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andrew A Sama
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frank P Cammisa
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Federico P Girardi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Care Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ellen M Soffin
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care & Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
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Singleton M, Ghisi D, Memtsoudis S. Perioperative management in complex spine surgery: a narrative review. Minerva Anestesiol 2022; 88:396-406. [PMID: 35315618 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.22.15933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen a significant increase in the number of spine surgical procedures performed worldwide. This type of surgery includes a wide variety of procedures, from mini-invasive discectomies to multi-level spinal arthrodesis and osteotomies. Moreover, different surgical approaches are described at different spine levels: the anesthesiologist should be aware of the potential benefits and risks for the patients and be prepared for their management. In this narrative review we seek to describe basic concepts of perioperative spine care and address evolving areas in which care is changing. We will discuss preoperative concerns, intraoperative management including airway management, choice of maintenance, intraoperative neuromonitoring and anesthetic effect, blood management and the dynamic topic of anesthetic and analgesic techniques. Finally, we will briefly address the issue of perioperative complications as they relate specifically to spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Singleton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Ghisi
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy -
| | - Stavros Memtsoudis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Ikwuezunma IA, Margalit A, Sponseller PD. Tranexamic acid use is associated with reduced intraoperative blood loss during spine surgery for Marfan syndrome. Spine Deform 2022; 10:419-423. [PMID: 34611839 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-021-00416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The utility of tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) is uncertain given associated aberrations within the vasculature and clotting cascade. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association of TXA use with intraoperative blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusions in patients with MFS who underwent spinal arthrodesis. METHODS We queried our institutional database for MFS patients who underwent spinal arthrodesis for scoliosis between 2000 and 2020 by one surgeon. We excluded procedures spanning < 4 vertebral levels, those using anterior or combined anterior/posterior approaches, and those involving growing rods, postoperative infection, or spondylolisthesis. Fifty-two patients met our criteria, of whom 22 were treated with TXA and 30 were not. Mean differences in blood loss, transfusion volume, and proportions receiving transfusion were compared between TXA and the control groups using Student t, chi-squared, or Fisher exact tests. Alpha = 0.05. RESULTS MFS patients treated with TXA experienced less mean (± standard deviation) intraoperative blood loss (1023 ± 534 mL) compared to the control group (1436 ± 1022 mL) (p = 0.01). The TXA group had estimated blood volume loss of 27% ± 16% compared to 36% ± 21% for controls (p = 0.05). No differences were found in allogeneic transfusion rate (p = 0.66) or transfusion volume (p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS We found an association between TXA use and reduced blood loss during surgical treatment of MFS-associated scoliosis, suggesting that the connective tissue deficiency in MFS does not interfere with TXA's mechanism of action. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijezie A Ikwuezunma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline Street, JHOC 5223, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Adam Margalit
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline Street, JHOC 5223, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Paul D Sponseller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline Street, JHOC 5223, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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30
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Fang X. Acute normovolemic hemodilution in combination with tranexamic acid is an effective strategy for blood management in lumbar spinal fusion surgery. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:71. [PMID: 35123513 PMCID: PMC8817589 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-02950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The retrospective study was designed to compare the effectiveness and safety of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH), tranexamic Acid (TXA), and a combination of ANH and TXA in lumbar spinal fusion surgery. Methods Data of 120 patients underwent multi-level posterior spinal fusion for treating degenerative lumbar disease between June 2013 and December 2017 was collected, retrospectively. Four treatment strategies were enrolled, including ANH, TXA, a combination of ANH and TXA, and without any patient blood management. Intraoperative blood loss, hemoglobin and PCV at the end of surgery and at the postoperative first day, and postoperative drain collection, and intraoperative and postoperative transfusion and rate of transfusion were also collected. Results Intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drain collection of the TXA group, ANH combined with TXA group were statistically lower than those in the control group and ANH group (P < 0.05). Intraoperative and postoperative transfusion amount and rate of intra-operative allogenic transfusion of the ANH group, TXA group, and ANH combined with TXA group were statistically lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Hemoglobin and PCV at postoperative the first day in the ANH group, TXA group, and ANH combined with TXA group were significant higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The combination of TXA and ANH group achieved the lowest intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drain collection and allogenic transfusion rate. Conclusion A combination of TXA and ANH might be an effective strategy for reducing the rate of transfusion and blood loss in patients underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgery.
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Yan L, Yang H, Jiang H, Yu M, Tan J, Su T, Xu G. Impact of the Tranexamic Acid on Bleeding Amount of Surgical Patient With Degenerative Spinal Disease: A Randomized Blinded Study. Front Surg 2021; 8:655692. [PMID: 34778351 PMCID: PMC8589467 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.655692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to explore the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing the bleeding amount of surgical patients with degenerative spinal disease in the perioperative period. Methods: A total of 80 cases of patients, who underwent elective posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgeries under general anesthesia, were enrolled in this study. The age of these patients ranged within 41–69 years old, and the surgical vertebral body segments were ≥2. The ASA classification was Level I or Level II. These patients were divided into two groups using the random number table (n = 40): TXA group and control group (S group). In the TXA group, the skin was incised after the anesthesia induction, and 20 mg/kg of TXA was immediately injected into the vein. The injection continued at a rate of 10 mg·kg−1·h−1 during the surgery, until the surgery was finished. In the S group, IV and pump injection with an equal amount of normal saline (NS) were performed. Then, the RBC, Hb, HCT, AST, ALT, BUN, Cr, PT, TT, APTT, FIB, and D-dimer were measured before the surgery and at 1 day after the surgery, and the SSFQ, intraoperative bleeding amount, homologous transfusion volume, urine volume, infusion quantity, surgical duration, drainage volume at 24 h after the surgery, total bleeding amount and adverse event occurrence at 1 week after the surgery were recorded. Results: The RBC, Hb and HCT at 1 day after the surgery were higher in TXA group than in the S group (average P < 0.05). Intraoperative bleeding, drainage volume at 24 h after surgery, and total blood loss were lower in the TXA group than in the S group (average P < 0.05). The SSFQ score and length of stay were lesser in the TXA group than in the S group (average P < 0.05). The differences in AST, ALT, BUN, Cr, PT, TT, APTT, FIB, and D-dimer at 1 day after the surgery for these two groups of patients had no statistical significance (average P > 0.05). Conclusion: TXA can reduce the bleeding amount of surgical patients with degenerative spinal disease in the perioperative period and decrease the length of stay, but does not increase the occurrence rate of adverse events, thereby promoting postoperative rehabilitation. Clinical Trial Registration:www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, identifier: ChiCTR2000033597.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Huihong Yang
- Medical School, Shihezi University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi, China
| | - Haibin Jiang
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Mingshan Yu
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jie Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Guiping Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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Johnson SM, Tsang D, Dansby M, Allen C. New and Off-Label Uses of Tranexamic Acid. AACN Adv Crit Care 2021; 32:237-242. [PMID: 34490442 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2021193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Johnson
- Stephanie M. Johnson is Postgraduate Year 2 Emergency Medicine Pharmacy Resident, Department of Pharmacy Services, Tampa General Hospital, PO Box 1289, Tampa, FL 33601
| | - Dawn Tsang
- Dawn Tsang is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy Services, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Mary Dansby
- Mary Dansby is Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy Services, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Christopher Allen
- Christopher Allen is Trauma/Surgical Intensive Care Unit Clinical Pharmacist, Department of Pharmacy Services, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
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Perioperative Care of Patients Undergoing Major Complex Spinal Instrumentation Surgery: Clinical Practice Guidelines From the Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2021; 34:257-276. [PMID: 34483301 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based standardization of the perioperative management of patients undergoing complex spine surgery can improve outcomes such as enhanced patient satisfaction, reduced intensive care and hospital length of stay, and reduced costs. The Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care (SNACC) tasked an expert group to review existing evidence and generate recommendations for the perioperative management of patients undergoing complex spine surgery, defined as surgery on 2 or more thoracic and/or lumbar spine levels. Institutional clinical management protocols can be constructed based on the elements included in these clinical practice guidelines, and the evidence presented.
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Perskin CR, Littlefield CP, Wang C, Umeh U, Egol KA. The Efficacy and Safety of Tranexamic Acid Treatment in Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery. JBJS Rev 2021; 9:01874474-202107000-00009. [PMID: 34270510 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.20.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
» Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a drug used to control hemorrhage by preventing the breakdown of fibrin. » TXA is a cost-effective treatment for trauma patients across a variety of economic settings. » Concerns of TXA causing thromboembolic events (TEEs) in orthopaedic trauma patients are not supported by evidence. » TXA has been shown to reduce blood loss in hip fracture surgery.
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The Effect of Tranexamic Acid Administration on Early Endothelial Damage Following Posterior Lumbar Fusion Surgery. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071415. [PMID: 33915859 PMCID: PMC8037070 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tranexamic acid (TXA) protects against endothelial glycocalyx injury in vitro. We aimed to evaluate whether TXA could protect against endothelial glycocalyx degradation in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion surgery. Patients aged 30–80 years were enrolled. The TXA group was administered a loading dose of 10 mg/kg, followed by a 1 mg/kg/h infusion. Serum syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate concentrations, which are biomarkers of glycocalyx degradation, were measured at preoperative baseline (T0), immediately post-surgery (T1), and 2 h post-surgery (T2). Postoperative complications were assessed, including hypotension, desaturation, and acute kidney injury. Among the 121 patients who completed the study, 60 received TXA. There were no significant differences in the marker concentrations at each time point. However, the postoperative increase in syndecan-1 levels from baseline was significantly attenuated in the TXA group compared with the control group (median (interquartile range); T1 vs. T0: −1.6 (−5.3–2.6) vs. 2.2 (−0.7–4.8), p = 0.001; T2 vs. T0: 0.0 (−3.3–5.5) vs. 3.6 (−0.1–9.3), p = 0.013). Postoperative complications were significantly associated with the magnitude of the change in syndecan-1 levels (for T2 vs. T0: odds ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.14, p = 0.006). TXA administration was associated with reduced syndecan-1 shedding in patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion surgery.
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Chow JH, Chancer Z, Mazzeffi MA, McNeil JS, Sokolow MJ, Gaines TM, Reif MM, Trinh AT, Wellington IJ, Camacho JE, Bruckner JJ, Tanaka KA, Ludwig S. Impact of Preoperative Platelet Count on Bleeding Risk and Allogeneic Transfusion in Multilevel Spine Surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:E65-E72. [PMID: 33306659 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This was an observational cohort study of patients receiving multilevel thoracic and lumbar spine surgery. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify which patients are at high risk for allogeneic transfusion which may allow for better preoperative planning and employment of specific blood management strategies. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Multilevel posterior spine surgery is associated with a significant risk for major blood loss, and allogeneic blood transfusion is common in spine surgery. METHODS A univariate logistic regression model was used to identify variables that were significantly associated with intraoperative allogeneic transfusion. A multivariate forward stepwise logistic regression model was then used to measure the adjusted association of these variables with intraoperative transfusion. RESULTS Multilevel thoracic and lumbar spine surgery was performed in 921 patients. When stratifying patients by preoperative platelet count, patients with pre-operative thrombocytopenia and severe thrombocytopenia had a significantly higher rate of transfusion than those who were not thrombocytopenic. Furthermore, those with severe thrombocytopenia had a higher rate of red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelet transfusion than those with higher platelet counts. Multivariate logistic regression found that preoperative platelet count was the most significant contributor to transfusion, with a platelet count ≤100 having an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of transfusion of 4.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58-15.02, P = 0.006). Similarly, a platelet count between 101and 150 also doubled the risk of transfusion with an adjusted OR of 2.02 (95% CI 1.01-4.04, P = 0.047). The American Society of Anesthesiologists classification score increased the OR of transfusion by 2.5 times (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.54-4.13), whereas preoperative prothrombin time and age minimally increased the risk. CONCLUSION Preoperative thrombocytopenia significantly contributes to intraoperative transfusion in multilevel thoracic lumbar spine surgery. Identifying factors that may increase the risk for transfusion could be of great benefit in better preoperative counseling of patients and in reducing overall cost and postoperative complications by implementing strategies and techniques to reduce blood loss and blood transfusions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John S McNeil
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | - Tyler M Gaines
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | - Jael E Camacho
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Steven Ludwig
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Todeschini AB, Uribe AA, Echeverria-Villalobos M, Fiorda-Diaz J, Abdel-Rasoul M, McGahan BG, Grossbach AJ, Viljoen S, Bergese SD. Efficacy of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Perioperative Blood Loss and Blood Product Transfusion Requirements in Patients Undergoing Multilevel Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Surgeries: A Retrospective Study. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:566956. [PMID: 33424584 PMCID: PMC7793852 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.566956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute perioperative blood loss is a common and potentially major complication of multilevel spinal surgery, usually worsened by the number of levels fused and of osteotomies performed. Pharmacological approaches to blood conservation during spinal surgery include the use of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA), an anti-fibrinolytic that has been widely used to reduce blood loss in cardiac and orthopedic surgery. The primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of intraoperative TXA in reducing estimated blood loss (EBL) and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirements in patients undergoing multilevel spinal fusion. Materials and Methods: This a single-center, retrospective study of subjects who underwent multilevel (≥7) spinal fusion surgery who received (TXA group) or did not receive (control group) IV TXA at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center between January 1st, 2016 and November 30th, 2018. Patient demographics, EBL, TXA doses, blood product requirements and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: A total of 76 adult subjects were included, of whom 34 received TXA during surgery (TXA group). The mean fusion length was 12 levels. The mean total loading, maintenance surgery and total dose of IV TXA was 1.5, 2.1 mg per kilo (mg/kg) per hour and 33.8 mg/kg, respectively. The mean EBL in the control was higher than the TXA group, 3,594.1 [2,689.7, 4,298.5] vs. 2,184.2 [1,290.2, 3,078.3] ml. Among all subjects, the mean number of intraoperative RBC and FFP units transfused was significantly higher in the control than in the TXA group. The total mean number of RBC and FFP units transfused in the control group was 8.1 [6.6, 9.7] and 7.7 [6.1, 9.4] compared with 5.1 [3.4, 6.8] and 4.6 [2.8, 6.4], respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative blood product transfusion rates between both groups. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the incidence of 30-days postoperative complications between both groups. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the prophylactic use of TXA may reduce intraoperative EBL and RBC unit transfusion requirements in patients undergoing multilevel spinal fusion procedures ≥7 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre B Todeschini
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alberto A Uribe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Marco Echeverria-Villalobos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Juan Fiorda-Diaz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Rasoul
- Center for Biostatistics, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Benjamin G McGahan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew J Grossbach
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stephanus Viljoen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sergio D Bergese
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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张 庄, 杨 曦, 汪 雷, 宋 跃. [Progress on the application of tranexamic acid in adolescent spine corrective surgery]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:1468-1473. [PMID: 33191708 PMCID: PMC8171701 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the advances in the application of tranexamic acid (TXA) in adolescent spinal corrective surgery. METHODS The mechanism of action and pharmacokinetic, effectiveness, dosage, safety as well as methods of administration were comprehensively summarized by consulting domestic and overseas related literature about the application of TXA in adolescent spinal corrective surgery in recent years. RESULTS TXA efficaciously reduce intraoperative blood loss, transfusion rate and volume, postoperative drainage volume in adolescent spinal corrective surgery. At present, the most common method of administration in adolescent spinal corrective surgery is that a loading dose is given intravenously before skin incision or induction of anesthesia, followed by a maintenance dose until the end of the surgery. The range of loading dose and maintenance dose is 10-100 mg/kg and 1-10 mg/(kg·h), respectively. No drug related adverse event has been reported in this range. CONCLUSION The effectiveness and safety of TXA in adolescent spinal surgery have been basically confirmed. However, further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage, method of administration as well as whether it could reduce blood loss after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- 庄 张
- 四川大学华西医院骨科/骨科研究所(成都 610041)Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - 曦 杨
- 四川大学华西医院骨科/骨科研究所(成都 610041)Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - 雷 汪
- 四川大学华西医院骨科/骨科研究所(成都 610041)Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - 跃明 宋
- 四川大学华西医院骨科/骨科研究所(成都 610041)Department of Orthopedic Surgery/Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
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Xiong Z, Liu J, Yi P, Wang H, Tan M. Comparison of Intravenous versus Topical Tranexamic Acid in Nondeformity Spine Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7403034. [PMID: 32219141 PMCID: PMC7085364 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7403034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, interferes with fibrinolysis and has been used for many years to reduce blood loss during spine surgery. The purpose of our meta-analysis was to compare the effect of intravenous versus topical administration of TXA in patients undergoing nondeformity spine surgery. METHODS We searched multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, CNKI, WanFang database, and VIP to find studies that met the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis was performed according to the guidelines of the Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook. RESULTS Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified, including 660 patients. The surgical methods used in the included studies were nondeformity spine surgery. No significant differences were found in the two groups regarding total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss, hematocrit, hemoglobin, fibrinogen, postoperative prothrombin time (PT), postoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), drainage volume, and blood transfusion rate. There were statistically significant differences in the two groups in terms of preoperative PT (MD = -0.39, 95% CI: [-0.63, -0.15], P=0.002) and preoperative APTT (MD = 1.12, 95% CI: [0.57, 1.68], P=0.002) and preoperative APTT (MD = 1.12, 95% CI: [0.57, 1.68]. CONCLUSION During nondeformity spine surgery, intravenous administration of TXA did not have a significant effect on the decrease of blood loss and blood transfusion rate compared with the topical group. According to the pooled analysis of PT and APTT, intravenous and topical application of TXA may have different effects on the coagulation pathway. More high-quality RCTs are needed to explore the optimal dosage, method, timing in the future in order to recommend TXA widespread use in spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhencheng Xiong
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junyuan Liu
- Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingsheng Tan
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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