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Zheng K, Zheng X, Wang J, Han Y, Wang X, Zhou X. The Implementation of Glasses-free 3D Display in ICL Surgery: A Pilot Study. J Refract Surg 2023; 39:612-619. [PMID: 37675913 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20230728-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of the glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) display and conventional optical microscope in Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL; STAAR Surgical) surgery. METHODS This randomized controlled trial enrolled 51 eyes of 26 patients who received ICL surgery. After random allocation, patients received surgery under either a glasses-free 3D display (16 eyes) or a conventional optical microscope (35 eyes). The surgical duration, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure, vault, postoperative manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), and complications were evaluated. RESULTS Mean surgical time was 5.04 ± 2.74 minutes for the glasses-free 3D group and 4.65 ± 2.63 minutes for the conventional microscope group (P = .639). Postoperative UDVA was -0.02 ± 0.04 and -0.04 ± 0.05 logMAR (P = .169), CDVA was -0.03 ± 0.04 and -0.02 ± 0.05 logMAR (P = .434), and IOP was 17.01 ± 3.15 and 14.82 ± 2.20 mm Hg (P = .055) at 1 month of follow-up, respectively. Vault was 562.86 ± 192.89 and 520.18 ± 215.19 µm, and MRSE was +0.25 ± 0.21 and +0.10 ± 0.51 diopters, respectively, at 1 month postoperatively; all were comparable between the glasses-free 3D group and conventional microscope group (all P > .05). No complication occurred in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The glasses-free 3D group achieved similar efficacy and safety compared to the conventional microscope group, and glasses-free 3D surgery is expected to show a significant advantage in clinical and medical education. [J Refract Surg. 2023;39(9):612-619.].
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Wang L, Ge L, Song S, Ren Y. Clinical applications of minimally invasive uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:10235-10239. [PMID: 37269347 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the field of minimally invasive thoracic surgery has experienced significant advancements driven by improvements in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) techniques and surgical instruments. These advances have given rise to uniportal VATS as a new area of exploration in minimally invasive thoracic surgery. This technique presents several potential advantages, including reduced access trauma, less postoperative pain, improved cosmesis, fewer complications, shorter hospital stays, and faster rehabilitation, ultimately leading to an improvement in patient quality of life. PURPOSE This article reviews the evolutionary history of minimally invasive thoracic surgery, highlights novel techniques, explores possible applications and obtained results, and discusses future prospects of uniportal VATS. CONCLUSION Experienced thoracic surgeons have demonstrated the capacity to perform uniportal VATS with a high level of safety and efficacy. Further studies are necessary to assess its long-term efficacy, address limitations, and enhance clinical decision-making for optimal treatment of thoracic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenyang Chest Hospital & Tenth People's Hospital, No. 11, Beihai Street, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihui Ge
- Department of Health Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, HePing District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenyang Chest Hospital & Tenth People's Hospital, No. 11, Beihai Street, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shenyang Chest Hospital & Tenth People's Hospital, No. 11, Beihai Street, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Shen MS, Hsieh MY, Lin CH, Wang BY. Comparison of three-dimensional and two-dimensional thoracoscopic segmentectomy in lung cancer. Asian J Surg 2023; 46:2657-2661. [PMID: 37430487 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.09.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracoscopic segmentectomy is considered to be a safe and effective procedure for early lung cancer. A three-dimensional (3D) thoracoscope can provide high resolution and accurate images. We compared the outcomes from using two-dimensional (2D) and 3D video systems in thoracoscopic segmentectomy for lung cancer. METHODS The data of consecutive patients diagnosed with lung cancer that underwent 2D or 3D thoracoscopic segmentectomy in Changhua Christian Hospital from January 2014 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor characteristics and perioperative short-term outcomes (operative time, blood loss, incision numbers, length of stay and complication) were compared between 2D and 3D thoracoscopic segmentectomy. RESULTS Among the 192 patients, 68 patients underwent segmentectomy with a 2D thoracoscopic system and 124 patients had 3D thoracoscopic surgery. Patients undergoing 3D thoracoscopic segmentectomy had a shorter operative time (174.19 ± 64.63 min vs. 207.06 ± 72.99 min, p = 0.002), less blood loss (34.40 ± 43.58 ml vs. 50.81 ± 57.61 ml, p = 0.028), fewer incisions (1.50 ± 0.716 vs. 2.19 ± .058, p < 0.001) and a shorter length of stay (5.67 ± 3.44 days vs. 8.18 ± 11.862 days, p = 0.029). The postoperative complications were similar between the two groups. Surgical mortality was not found in any patient. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that the incorporation of a 3D endoscopic system could facilitate thoracoscopic segmentectomy in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Sheng Shen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed-Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Recreation and Holistic Wellness, Ming Dao University, Changhua, Taiwan; Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yen Wang
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Ming Dao University, Changhua, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Huang J, Huang W, Zhang J, Tan Z, Wang D. Application of laryngeal mask airway anesthesia with preserved spontaneous breathing in children undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:933158. [PMID: 36969299 PMCID: PMC10036823 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.933158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the feasibility and safety of non-intubated general anesthesia with spontaneous breathing combined with paravertebral nerve blocks (PVNB) in young children undergoing video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and to determine its significance for rapid recovery after pediatric thoracic surgery. Methods The data of 46 children aged 6-36 months with an American Society of Anesthesiologists status of I-II who underwent elective VATS under general anesthesia were retrospectively analyzed. Of these patients, 25 underwent non-intubated general anesthesia with spontaneous breathing combined with PVNB (non-intubation group), and 21 received conventional intubated general anesthesia combined with local infiltration anesthesia (intubation group). The following perioperative parameters were compared between the two groups: heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure, saturation of pulse oximetry (SpO2), partial pressure end-tidal carbon dioxide, time from the completion of the operation to extubation or removing laryngeal masks, time to first feeding after the operation, length of postoperative in-hospital stay, incidence of postoperative complications, and hospitalization expenses. Results The operations were completed successfully in both groups. When the non-intubation group was compared with the intubation group, the minimal SpO2 level during the surgery was higher (93% vs. 88%, P < 0.001), which might indicate better oxygenation. There was no significant difference of the duration of surgery and intraoperative blood loss between two groups. Compared to the intubation group, the duration of anesthesia (P = 0.027), time from the completion of the operation to extubation (P < 0.001), time to the first feeding after surgery (P < 0.001), and length of postoperative in-hospital stay (P < 0.001) were significantly reduced in the non-intubation group. The incidence of postoperative complications was not significantly different. Conclusions Non-intubated general anesthesia with spontaneous breathing combined with PVNB is safe and feasible in young children undergoing VATS and can promote rapid recovery in young children undergoing thoracoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenfang Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongpi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Dongpi Wang
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Wei R, Ding X, Chen Z, Xin N, Liu C, Fang Y, Xu Z, Huang K, Tang H. Clinical comparative study of glasses-free 3D and 2D thoracoscopic surgery in minimally invasive esophagectomy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:959484. [PMID: 35992851 PMCID: PMC9389333 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.959484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) thoracoscopic surgery in minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE). Methods The clinical data of 98 patients, including 81 men and 17 women aged 45–77 years, with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent minimally invasive thoracoscopic esophagectomy from January 2017 to December 2019 [3 years, with clinical follow-up time: 1 year~4 years (2017.01–2020.12)] were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods including a glasses-free 3D thoracoscopic group (G-3D group: 38 patients) and a two-dimesional (2D) thoracoscopic group (2D group: 60 patients). The clinical outcome of the two groups were compared. Results The operation time of the thoracoscopic part in the G-3D group was significantly shorter than that in the 2D group (P<0.05). The total number of lymph node dissection in the G-3D group was more than that in the 2D group (P<0.05). The thoracic indwelling time, postoperative hospital stay, severe pulmonary infection, arrhythmia, anastomotic leakage, chylothorax, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference between the two groups on the progression-free survival (P>0.05). Conclusion Glasses-free 3D thoracoscopic surgery for esophageal cancer is a safe and effective surgical procedure. Compared with 2D thoracoscopic MIE, glasses-free 3D thoracoscopic MIE for esophageal cancer has higher safety, more lymph node dissection, and higher operation efficiency through the optimized surgical operations. We believe that glasses-free 3D thoracoscopy for MIE is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqiang Wei
- Department of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Ding
- Department of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Xin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhao Fang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenan Huang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Tang, ; Kenan Huang,
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Tang, ; Kenan Huang,
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Kanaji S, Yamazaki Y, Kudo T, Harada H, Takiguchi G, Urakawa N, Hasegawa H, Yamamoto M, Yamashita K, Matsuda T, Oshikiri T, Nakamura T, Suzuki S, Kakeji Y. Comparison of laparoscopic gastrectomy with 3-D/HD and 2-D/4 K camera system for gastric cancer: a prospective randomized control study. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 407:105-112. [PMID: 34458930 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a prospective clinical control study to identify the best imaging technology among three-dimensional (3-D) high-definition (HD) stereovision and two-dimensional (2-D) ultra-high-resolution (4 K) technology and confirm their effects on surgical outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer. METHODS From April 2018 to August 2019, 50 patients were randomly classified into two groups based on the imaging technology (3-D/HD group = 25, 2-D/4 K = 25). After excluding eight patients based on laparoscopic findings, 42 patients were analyzed (3-D/HD group = 21, 2-D/4 K = 21). The primary endpoint was the operative time; the secondary endpoints were blood loss, postoperative infectious complications, and postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS The patients' backgrounds were similar (sex, age, body mass index [BMI], stage, procedure, and extent of lymph node dissection). There were no significant differences in operative time (252 vs. 238 min, P = 0.70), total blood loss, postoperative infectious complications, and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. However, video analysis of surgeries revealed a significantly shortened median operative time (18 vs. 25 min, P = 0.04) in the suturing step with 3-D/HD; the median number of camera cleaning procedures during suprapancreatic lymph node dissection was significantly lower with 2-D/4 K than with 3-D/HD (n = 4.4 vs. 2.8, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION 3-D/HD and 2-D/4 K laparoscopic radical gastrectomies provide similar surgical outcomes. However, the 3-D monitor reduces suturing time during reconstruction, while the 4 K monitor reduces the number of camera cleaning procedures during lymphadenectomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (identification number 000029227).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kanaji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Yuta Yamazaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takuya Kudo
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Harada
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Gosuke Takiguchi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoki Urakawa
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takeru Matsuda
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Taro Oshikiri
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tetsu Nakamura
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Jiang Y, Su Z, Liang H, Liu J, Liang W, He J. Video-assisted thoracoscopy for lung cancer: who is the future of thoracic surgery? J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:4427-4433. [PMID: 32944356 PMCID: PMC7475530 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the computer processing technique and display technology evolved dramatically, the surgical approach to early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has made a rapid progress within the past few years. Currently, the gold standard for NSCLC is lobectomy. After the introduction of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), lung resection can now be conducted mini-invasively, enabling better prognosis for patients and better operation condition for surgeons. At the very beginning, the conventional two-dimensional (2D) system enabled operators to have a closer, magnified and illuminated view inside the body cavity than open thoracotomy. With the introduction of the glasses-assisted three-dimensional (3D) and glasses-free 3D display system, multiple viewing angles were further enhanced, thus a more stable, easier to master and less invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) appeared. However, given that the standard VATS is associated with limited maneuverability and stereoscopy, it restricts the availability in more advanced cases. Hopefully, most of the limitations of standard VATS can be overcome with the robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS). The RATS system consists of a remote console and a robotic unit with 3 or 4 arms that can duplicate surgeons’ movements. Also, it provides a magnified, 3D and high definition (HD) operation field to surgeons, allowing them to perform more complicated procedures. Apart from these, some new technologies are also invented in combination with the existing surgery system to solve difficult problems. It is hoped that the higher costs of innovative surgical technique can be offset by the better patient outcomes and improved benefits in cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengrui Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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