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Cillo U, Carraro A, Avolio AW, Cescon M, Di Benedetto F, Giannelli V, Magistri P, Nicolini D, Vivarelli M, Lanari J. Immunosuppression in liver transplant oncology: position paper of the Italian Board of Experts in Liver Transplantation (I-BELT). Updates Surg 2024; 76:725-741. [PMID: 38713396 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-024-01845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Liver transplant oncology (TO) represents an area of increasing clinical and scientific interest including a heterogeneous group of clinical-pathological settings. Immunosuppressive management after LT is a key factor relevantly impacting result. However, disease-related guidance is still lacking, and many open questions remain in the field. Based on such a substantial lack of solid evidences, the Italian Board of Experts in Liver Transplantation (I-BELT) (a working group including representatives of all national transplant centers), unprecedently promoted a methodologically sound consensus conference on the topic, based on the GRADE approach. The group final recommendations are herein presented and commented. The 18 PICOs and Statements and their levels of evidence and grades of recommendation are reported and grouped into seven areas: (1) risk stratification by histopathological and bio-molecular parameters and role of mTORi post-LT; (2) steroids and HCC recurrence; (3) management of immunosuppression when HCC recurs after LT; (4) mTORi monotherapy; (5) machine perfusion and HCC recurrence after LT; (6) physiopathology of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunosuppression, the role of inflammation; (7) immunotherapy in liver transplanted patients. The interest in mammalian targets of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi), for steroid avoidance and the need for a reduction to CNI exposure emerged from the consensus process. A selected list of unmet needs prompting further investigations have also been developed. The so far heterogeneous and granular approach to immunosuppression in oncologic patients deserves greater efforts for a more standardized therapeutic response to the different clinical scenarios. This consensus process makes a first unprecedented step in this direction, to be developed on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Cillo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, General Surgery 2 Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 2, 34128, Padua, PD, Italy.
| | - Amedeo Carraro
- Liver Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery and Oncology, University Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alfonso W Avolio
- Department of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cescon
- General Surgery and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria-Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Benedetto
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valerio Giannelli
- Liver Unit, Department of Liver Transplant, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Magistri
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Nicolini
- Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Riuniti Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Vivarelli
- Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Transplantation Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Riuniti Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lanari
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, General Surgery 2 Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Via Giustiniani 2, 34128, Padua, PD, Italy
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Zhang L, Liu P, Zhuang L, Ling S, Zhan Q, Zhou W, Su R, Yin L, Que Q, Hong J, Bao J, Shao C, Cai J, Zheng S, Xu X. mTOR inhibitor reduces nontumour-related death in liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:9. [PMID: 38461206 PMCID: PMC10924815 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirolimus is a regularly applied immunosuppressant for patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sirolimus not only significantly inhibits HCC recurrence but also protects renal function. However, the improvement effect of sirolimus on nontumour-related death in patients is still unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of sirolimus on nontumour-related deaths. In this study, we retrospectively enrolled 403 LT patients with HCC from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2018. The median follow-up time was 47.1 months. The patients were divided into the sirolimus group (N = 184) and the sirolimus-free group (N = 219). There were no significant differences between the sirolimus group and the sirolimus-free group in survival (P = 0.054). In transplant patients who exceeded the Milan or Hangzhou criteria, the sirolimus group achieved higher survival than the sirolimus-free group (P = 0.005; P = 0.02). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that sirolimus strongly reduced the hazard ratio (HR) for nontumour-related death in LT patients who exceeded the Milan (HR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.18-1; P = 0.05) or Hangzhou criteria (HR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08-0.89; P = 0.032). HCC recurrence increased the risk of nontumour-related death. In conclusion, sirolimus-based immunosuppression can significantly reduce nontumour-related death in LT patients who exceed the criteria for transplantation. In addition, this finding will further promote the application of sirolimus after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincheng Zhang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266100, China
- Institute of Organ Donation and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Sunbin Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qifan Zhan
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Renyi Su
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qingyang Que
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiachen Hong
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiaqi Bao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuxiao Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jinzhen Cai
- Organ Transplantation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266100, China.
- Institute of Organ Donation and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310022, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Wu H, Qu L, Bai X, Zhu C, Liu Y, Duan Z, Liu H, Fu R, Fan D. Ginsenoside Rk1 induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2024:114587. [PMID: 38461953 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most lethal cancer in the world. Recent studies have shown that suppression of autophagy plays an important role in the development of HCC. Ginsenoside Rk1 is a protopanaxadiol saponin isolated from ginseng and has a significant anti-tumor effect, but its role and mechanism in HCC are still unclear. In this study, a mouse liver cancer model induced by diethylnitrosamine and carbon tetrachloride (DEN + CCl4) was employed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Rk1 on HCC. The results demonstrate that ginsenoside Rk1 effectively inhibits liver injury, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis during HCC progression. Transcriptome data analysis of mouse liver tissue reveals that ginsenoside Rk1 significantly regulates the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, autophagy pathway, and apoptosis pathway. Subsequent studies show that ginsenoside Rk1 induces AMPK protein activation, upregulates the expression of autophagy marker LC3-II protein to promote autophagy, and then downregulates the expression of Bcl2 protein to trigger a caspase cascade reaction, activating AMPK/mTOR-induced toxic autophagy to promote cells death. Importantly, co-treatment of ginsenoside Rk1 with autophagy inhibitors can inhibit apoptosis of HCC cells, once again demonstrating the ability of ginsenoside Rk1 to promote autophagy-dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that ginsenoside Rk1 inhibits the development of primary HCC by activating toxic autophagy to promote apoptosis through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. These findings confirm that ginsenoside Rk1 is a promising new strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyan Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Linlin Qu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Xi'an Giant Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710076, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Shaanxi Gaint Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710076, China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Daidi Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Ye Q, Zhou W, Xu S, Que Q, Zhan Q, Zhang L, Zheng S, Ling S, Xu X. Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 promotes tumorigenesis and progression by an FKBP12/mTORC1/autophagy positive feedback loop in hepatocellular carcinoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e439. [PMID: 38045832 PMCID: PMC10691294 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) has been identified as a potential marker for cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It can promote HCC stemness, which is considered a driver of tumorigenesis. Here, we sought to determine the role of USP22 in tumorigenesis, elucidate its underlying mechanism, and explore its therapeutic significance in HCC. As a result, we found that tissue-specific Usp22 overexpression accelerated tumorigenesis, whereas Usp22 ablation decelerated it in a c-Myc/NRasGV12-induced HCC mouse model and that the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway was activated downstream. USP22 overexpression resulted in increased tumorigenic properties that were reversed by rapamycin in vitro and in vivo. In addition, USP22 activated mTORC1 by deubiquitinating FK506-binding protein 12 (FKBP12) and activated mTORC1, in turn, further stabilizing USP22 by inhibiting autophagic degradation. Clinically, HCC patients with high USP22 expression tend to benefit from mTOR inhibitors after liver transplantation (LT). Our results revealed that USP22 promoted tumorigenesis and progression via an FKBP12/mTORC1/autophagy positive feedback loop in HCC. Clinically, USP22 may be an effective biomarker for selecting eligible recipients with HCC for anti-mTOR-based therapy after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Ye
- Department of General SurgeryHangzhou First People's HospitalHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ TransplantationHangzhouChina
| | - Wei Zhou
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Department of General SurgeryHangzhou First People's HospitalHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Qingyang Que
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Qifan Zhan
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Shusen Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi‐Organ TransplantationHangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Sunbin Ling
- Department of General SurgeryHangzhou First People's HospitalHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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Yu J, Ling S, Hong J, Zhang L, Zhou W, Yin L, Xu S, Que Q, Wu Y, Zhan Q, Bao J, Xu N, Liu Y, Chen K, Wei X, Liu Z, Feng T, Zhou L, Xie H, Wang S, Liu J, Zheng S, Xu X. TP53/mTORC1-mediated bidirectional regulation of PD-L1 modulates immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007479. [PMID: 38030304 PMCID: PMC10689408 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has facilitated great breakthroughs in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the efficacy and response rate of immunotherapy are limited and vary among different patients with HCC. TP53 mutation substantially affects the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in multiple cancers. However, the regulatory relationship between programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and TP53 is poorly studied in HCC. We aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 in HCC with different TP53 statuses and to assess its role in modulating immune evasion in HCC. METHODS HCC mouse models and cell lines with different TP53 statuses were constructed. PD-L1 levels were detected by PCR, western blotting and flow cytometry. RNA-seqencing, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and transmission electron microscopy were used to elucidate the regulatory mechanism in HCC with different TP53 status. HCC mouse models and patient with HCC samples were analyzed to demonstrate the preclinical and clinical significance of the findings. RESULTS We report that loss of p53 promoted PD-L1 expression and reduced CD8+ T-cell infiltration in patient with HCC samples and mouse models. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was activated in p53-loss-of-function HCC or after knocking down TP53. The transcription factor E2F1 was found to bind to the p53 protein in TP53 wild-type HCC cells, and inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) disrupted this binding and enhanced E2F1 translocation to the nucleus, where it bound to the PD-L1 promoter and transcriptionally upregulated PD-L1. In p53-loss-of-function HCC cells, autophagosomes were activated after mTORC1 suppression, promoting the degradation of PD-L1 protein. The combination of mTOR inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibody enhanced CD8+ T-cell infiltration and tumor suppression in TP53 wild-type HCC mouse models, but no benefit was observed in p53-loss-of-function HCC mouse models. In patients with TP53 wild-type HCC, PD-L1 levels were significantly higher in the high E2F1 group than in the low E2F1 group, and the low E2F1 level group had significantly superior survival. CONCLUSION We revealed the bidirectional regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 mediated by TP53/mTORC1 in HCC. The combination of mTOR inhibitor and anti-PD-L1 antibody could be a novel precise immunotherapy scheme for TP53 wild-type HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiongjie Yu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sunbin Ling
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Lincheng Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Que
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Zhan
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Bao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangchen Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Department of Colorectal Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shusen Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
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Bhat M, Pasini E, Patel P, Yu J, Baciu C, Kurian SM, Levitsky J. Achieving tolerance modifies cancer susceptibility profiles in liver transplant recipients. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5150-5157. [PMID: 36205189 PMCID: PMC9972022 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term survival of transplant recipients is significantly impacted by malignancy. We aimed to determine whether calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-treated recipients converted to and weaned off molecular target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTOR-I) therapy have favorable changes in their molecular profiles in regard to malignancy risk. We performed gene expression profiling from liver biopsy and blood (PBMC) specimens followed by network analysis of key dysregulated genes, associated diseases and disorders, molecular and cellular functions using IPA software. Twenty non-immune, non-viremic patients were included, and 8 of them achieved tolerance. Two comparisons were performed: (1) tolerance time point vs tacrolimus monotherapy and (2) tolerance time point vs sirolimus monotherapy. Upon achieving tolerance, IPA predicted significant activation of DNA damage response (p = 5.40e-04) and inhibition of DNA replication (p = 7.56e-03). Conversion from sirolimus to tolerance showed decrease in HCC (p = 1.30e-02), hepatic steatosis (p = 5.60e-02) and liver fibrosis (p = 2.91e-02) associated genes. In conclusion, this longitudinal study of patients eventually achieving tolerance reveals an evolving molecular profile associated with decreased cancer risk and improved hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis. This provides a biological rationale for attempting conversion to mTOR-I therapy and tolerance following liver transplantation particularly in patients at higher risk of cancer incidence and progression post-transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Bhat
- Multi Organ Transplant Program and Division of GastroenterologyUniversity Health Network and University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Elisa Pasini
- Multi Organ Transplant Program and Division of GastroenterologyUniversity Health Network and University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Preya Patel
- Multi Organ Transplant Program and Division of GastroenterologyUniversity Health Network and University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Jeffrey Yu
- Multi Organ Transplant Program and Division of GastroenterologyUniversity Health Network and University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Cristina Baciu
- Multi Organ Transplant Program and Division of GastroenterologyUniversity Health Network and University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Sunil M. Kurian
- Scripps Clinic Bio‐Repository & Transplantation Research, Scripps Clinic & Green HospitalLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Josh Levitsky
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of MedicineNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of SurgeryNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
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Zhang G, Duan B, Li G. mTORi-based immunosuppression reduces HCC recurrence at the expense of increased adverse side effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14823. [PMID: 36124430 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sirolimus and everolimus are mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi) that can reduce relapse rates following liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of mTORi and calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) in reducing HCC recurrence and survival adverse effects (AEs) in HCC patients after LT. Systematic literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases up to October 2021. The primary outcomes of interest were tumor recurrence rates and overall survival. The secondary outcomes were the characterization and incidence of AEs. A total of 38 trials involving 10,607 participants was included in the analysis. The incidence of recurrence and overall mortality was significantly lower in the mTORi than in the CNI group (relative ratio [RR]: .78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .68-.89 and RR: .76, 95% CI: .67-.86, respectively). The incidence of some AEs and complications such as acne, anemia, abnormal healing, dyslipidemia, depression, diarrhea, edema, headache/migraine, hypercholesterolemia, incisional hernia, infection, leukopenia, mouth ulceration, pyrexia, proteinuria, pruritis, rash, and thrombocytopenia were higher in the mTORi than in the CNI group. mTORi reduced the recurrence incidence and overall 5-year mortality rate but increased many other incidences of AEs compared with that by CNI. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the risks and benefits of mTORi use when managing patients undergoing LT for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongming Zhang
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binwei Duan
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangming Li
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Ling S, Zhan Q, Jiang G, Shan Q, Yin L, Wang R, Que Q, Wei X, Xu S, Yu J, Zhou W, Zhang L, Bao J, Ye Q, Su R, Wei R, Liu J, Chen K, Wang J, Xie H, Zheng S, He X, Xiang J, Xu X. E2F7 promotes mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2323-2336. [PMID: 35729702 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently deregulated and has critical roles in cancer progression. mTOR inhibitor has been widely used in several kinds of cancers and is strongly recommended in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation (LT). However, the poor response to mTOR inhibitors due to resistance remains a challenge. Hypoxia-associated resistance limits the therapeutic efficacy of targeted drugs. The present study established models of HCC clinical samples and cell lines resistance to mTOR inhibitor sirolimus and screened out E2F7 as a candidate gene induced by hypoxia and promoting sirolimus resistance. E2F7 suppressed mTOR complex 1 via directly binding to the promoter of the TSC1 gene and stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activating its downstream genes, which are responsible for E2F7-dependent mTOR inhibitor resistance. Clinically, low E2F7 expression could be an effective biomarker for recommending patients with HCC for anti-mTOR-based therapies after LT. Targeting E2F7 synergistically inhibited HCC growth with sirolimus in vivo. E2F7 is a promising target to reverse mTOR inhibition resistance. Collectively, our study points to a role for E2F7 in promoting mTOR inhibitor resistance in HCC and emphasizes its potential clinical significance in patients with HCC after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunbin Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejaing University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qifan Zhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangjiang Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaonan Shan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Que
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiongjie Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianwei Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renyi Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongli Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jimin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kangchen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejaing University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory, Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Yan X, Huang S, Yang Y, Lu Z, Li F, Jiang L, Jiang Y, Liu J. Sirolimus or Everolimus Improves Survival After Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Liver Transpl 2022; 28:1063-1077. [PMID: 34919773 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (sirolimus [SRL] and everolimus [EVL]) on survival in liver transplantation (LT) recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain the subject of intense research. Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the potential survival benefits of mTOR inhibitors (mTORis). Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies investigating effects of SRL or EVL on LT recipients for HCC. The primary outcomes were 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS), and the secondary outcomes were 1-, 2-, and 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and adverse effects. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by a fixed or random effects model with Mantel-Haenszel weighting. Subgroup analyses were performed according to crucial clinical characteristics. We also conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the reliability of our findings. A total of 17 studies were included. OS was improved in both RCTs (1 year: RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.08; 2 years: RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16; 3 years: RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24; 5 years: RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.26) and cohort studies (1 year: RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.06-1.20; 2 years: RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16-1.32; 3 years: RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15-1.34; 5 years: RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.10-1.24), with a lower risk of renal toxicity (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.93). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year RFS were also improved. Current evidence indicates that SRL- or EVL-based immunosuppression improves OS and RFS with a lower risk of renal toxicity compared with mTORi-free immunosuppression. Nevertheless, results must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Yan
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Songhan Huang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feiyu Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liyong Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Organ Transplantation, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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10
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Yang Z, Chen W, Zhu H, Zhang L, Zhou K, Tang H, Sun R, Huang Y, Xie H, Zheng S, Jia C. Methylation site APC112043544 as a potential biomarker for post-transplant hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence. Future Oncol 2022; 18:2401-2413. [PMID: 35502765 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation. Methods: APC gene was selected according to The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Tumor tissues and clinical data of 85 HCC patients who received a liver transplantation were retrospectively enrolled and next-generation methylation sequencing was performed. Risk factors were determined using the Cox proportional-hazard-regression model. Results: The APC methylation site (chromosome 5, position 112043544) was an independent predictor of post-transplant HCC recurrence. Patients with hyper-methylated APC112043544 experienced superior recurrence-free survival (p = 0.021) and had a decreased proportion of microvascular invasion (p = 0.017). APC112043544 also predicted recurrence risk in patients beyond selection criteria. Conclusions: APC112043544 methylation may serve as a potential biomarker for post-transplant HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Yang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Center of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Road 6, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Yiqian Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Changku Jia
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Research Center of Diagnosis & Treatment Technology for Hepatocellular Carcinoma of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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11
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Su RY, Ling SB, Shan QN, Wei XY, Wang R, Jia CK, Zhuang L, Shen T, Ding LM, Xu ZD, Luo LB, Sun LB, Li GM, Fang TS, Jiang N, Zhang K, Su ZJ, Peng ZH, Lang R, Jiang T, He Q, Ye LS, Yang Y, He YT, Guo WZ, Lan LG, Sun XY, Chen D, Chen ZS, Zhou DW, Ye SJ, Ye QF, Tian M, Shi JH, Wang B, Liu J, Lu Q, Rao W, Cai JZ, Lv T, Yang JY, Wang PS, Zhong L, Ma JS, Li QG, Wu SD, Lu CJ, Lu CD, Zhang DH, Wang X, Li ZQ, Teng MJ, Li JJ, Jiang WT, Li JH, Zhang QB, Zhu NQ, Wang ZX, He K, Xia Q, Song SH, Fu ZR, Qiu W, Lv GY, Song RP, Wang JZ, Wang Z, Zhou J, Chen G, Zhao YP, Li L, Hu ZM, Luo QJ, Si ZZ, Xie B, He XS, Guo ZY, Zheng SS, Xu X. Efficacy and safety of sirolimus early conversion protocol in liver transplant patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-arm, multicenter, prospective study. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2022; 21:106-112. [PMID: 34583911 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor as an attractive drug target with promising antitumor effects has been widely investigated. High quality clinical trial has been conducted in liver transplant (LT) recipients in Western countries. However, the pertinent studies in Eastern world are paucity. Therefore, we designed a clinical trial to test whether sirolimus can improve recurrence-free survival (RFS) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients beyond the Milan criteria after LT. This is an open-labeled, single-arm, prospective, multicenter, and real-world study aiming to evaluate the clinical outcomes of early switch to sirolimus-based regimens in HCC patients after LT. Patients with a histologically proven HCC and beyond the Milan criteria will be enrolled. The initial immunosuppressant regimens are center-specific for the first 4-6 weeks. The following regimens integrated sirolimus into the regimens as a combination therapy with reduced calcineurin inhibitors based on the condition of patients and centers. The study is planned for 4 years in total with a 2-year enrollment period and a 2-year follow-up. We predict that sirolimus conversion regimen will provide survival benefits for patients particular in the key indicator RFS as well as better quality of life. If the trial is conducted successfully, we will have a continued monitoring over a longer follow-up time to estimate indicator of overall survival. We hope that the outcome will provide better evidence for clinical decision-making and revising treatment guidelines based on Chinese population data. Trial register: Trial registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn: ChiCTR2100042869.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Yi Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Sun-Bin Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qiao-Nan Shan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xu-Yong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Chang-Ku Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Tian Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Li-Min Ding
- Department of Transplantation, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhi-Dan Xu
- Department of Transplantation, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Lai-Bang Luo
- Department of Transplantation, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Li-Bo Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Liver Transplantation Center, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tai-Shi Fang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zhao-Jie Su
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Ren Lang
- Deartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Deartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Qiang He
- Deartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lin-Sen Ye
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yu-Ting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Liu-Gen Lan
- Department of Liver Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Xu-Yong Sun
- Department of Liver Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhi-Shui Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhou
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shao-Jun Ye
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi-Fa Ye
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Min Tian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian-Hua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Wei Rao
- Organ Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jin-Zhen Cai
- Organ Transplantation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 59 Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Tao Lv
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Jia-Yin Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China
| | - Pu-Sen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jing-Sheng Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qi-Gen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Sheng-Dong Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315041, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315041, China
| | - Cai-De Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315041, China
| | - Dong-Hua Zhang
- Liver Transplant Center, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Liver Transplant Center, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Mu-Jian Teng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jun-Jie Li
- Liver Transplant Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wen-Tao Jiang
- Liver Transplant Department, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Quan-Bao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ning-Qi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Zheng-Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shao-Hua Song
- Liver Transplantaiton Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Fu
- Liver Transplantaiton Center, Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guo-Yue Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Rui-Peng Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Ji-Zhou Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery and liver transplantation center, the First People' s Hospital of Kunming, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Ying-Peng Zhao
- Department of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery and liver transplantation center, the First People' s Hospital of Kunming, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery and liver transplantation center, the First People' s Hospital of Kunming, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Ze-Min Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528499, China
| | - Qi-Jie Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528499, China
| | - Zhong-Zhou Si
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiao-Shun He
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510062, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Guo
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510062, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310022, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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12
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Zhou L, Du GS, He Q. Trends of rapamycin in survival benefits of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:953-966. [PMID: 34621472 PMCID: PMC8462078 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i9.953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The proportion of liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has kept on increasing over the past years and account for 20%-40% of all LT. Post-transplant HCC recurrence is considered the most important factor affecting the long-term survival of patients. The use of different types of immunosuppressive agents after LT is closely associated with an increased risk for HCC recurrence. The most commonly used conventional immunosuppressive drugs include the calcineurin inhibitors tacrolimus (FK506) and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor rapamycin (RAPA). Compared with tacrolimus, RAPA may carry an advantage in survival benefit because of its anti-tumor effects. However, no sufficient evidence to date has proven that RAPA could increase long-term recurrence-free survival and its anti-tumor mechanism of combined therapy remains incompletely clear. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in clinical application experience and basic research results of RAPA in patients undergoing LT for HCC to further guide the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Guo-Sheng Du
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreaticosplenic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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13
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Association of phenotypic transformation of circulating tumor cells and early recurrence in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following liver transplantation. Asian J Surg 2021; 45:435-440. [PMID: 34426060 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CTCs play a critical role in the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer. However, there are few studies on whether different types of CTCs can predict the prognosis in patients with HCC following LT. METHODS Retrospective data including CTCs detected by the CanPatrolTM platform combined with RNA-ISH were collected and analyzed on 56 patients from December 2016 to December 2019 at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. RESULTS During the study period, fifty-six patients (51 males, 5 females) were included with an mean age of 52 ± 9 years. The 1-, 2- and 3-year recurrence rates of postoperative interstitial CTC-positive and CTC-negative groups were 21.7% vs 10.8%, 37.5% vs 10.8% and 55.5% vs 10.8%, confirming a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (p = 0.044). The 1-, 2- and 3-year recurrence rates of the increasing interstitial CTCs group were 25.2%, 36.9% and 66.9%, while 12.6%, 24.4% and 24.4% in the decreasing and unchanged group, indicating a significant difference (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION CanPatrolTM platform presents a superior analytical sensitivity, and may be used as a dynamic monitoring tool for CTCs. And interstitial CTCs which are more aggressive and metastatic caused by EMT can be regarded as a predictor of post-transplant tumor recurrence after LT for HCC.
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14
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Sirolimus-based immunosuppression improves the prognosis of liver Transplantation Recipients with low TSC1/2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan Criteria. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:2533-2542. [PMID: 33902956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of the immunosuppressive agent sirolimus (SRL) following liver transplantation (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial. Sirolimus is a typical mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, and tuberous sclerosis 1-tuberous sclerosis 2 complex (TSC1/TSC2) is an important negative effector in the mTOR pathway. In this study, we investigated the effect of SRL-based immunosuppression on the prognosis of LT recipients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria based on TSC1/2 expression and explored the effect of TSC1 on HCC in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 120 HCC patients who underwent LT in our hospital between January 1, 2015 and December 30, 2018. All patients had HCC beyond the Milan criteria and were divided into the SRL group (n = 50) and non-SRL group (n = 70). TSC1/2 expression levels in paraffin-embedded tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and then analyzed as subgroups. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. TSC1 expression was silenced in Huh-7 and Bel-7402 cell lines for further cell function experiments. RESULTS 88.3% of patients were HBV LT recipients. The SRL group exhibited better DFS and OS compared to the non-SRL group (P = 0.02, P = 0.003). Subgroup (TSC1-based or TSC2-based) analyses revealed that patients with low TSC1 or TSC2 expression benefited from sirolimus (DFS: P = 0.046, OS: P = 0.006 for TSC1; DFS: P = 0.05, OS: P = 0.003 for TSC2) compared with patients with high expression. TSC1 knockdown in Huh-7 and Bel-7402 HCC cell lines activated the mTORC1 pathway and enhanced cell proliferation, migration and sensitivity to SRL in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION TSC1/2 expression could be used to predict the prognosis of patients with HCC beyond the Milan criteria who underwent SRL-based immunosuppression following LT. TSC1 knockdown promoted HCC malignancy and enhanced sensitivity to SRL.
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15
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Yang Z, Wang S, Tian XY, Xie QF, Zhuang L, Li QY, Chen CZ, Zheng SS. Impact of treatment modalities on patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: Preliminary experience. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2020; 19:365-370. [PMID: 32553774 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-liver transplantation (LT) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence still occurs in approximately 20% of patients and drastically affects their survival. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various treatments for recurrent HCC after LT in a Chinese population. METHODS A total of 64 HCC patients with tumor recurrence after LT were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors affecting post-recurrence survival. RESULTS Of the 64 patients with recurrent HCC after LT, those who received radical resection followed by nonsurgical therapy had a median overall survival (OS) of 20.9 months after HCC recurrence, significantly superior to patients who received only nonsurgical therapy (9.4 months) or best supportive care (2.4 months). The one- and two-year OS following recurrence was favorable for patients receiving radical resection followed by nonsurgical therapy (93.8%, 52.6%), poor for patients receiving only nonsurgical therapy (30.8%, 10.8%), and dismal for patients receiving best supportive care (0%, 0%; overall P < 0.001). Median OS in sorafenib-tolerant patients treated with lenvatinib was 19.5 months, far surpassing the patients that discontinued sorafenib or were treated with regorafenib after sorafenib failure (12 months, P < 0.001). Compared with tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive therapy, OS was significantly increased with sirolimus-based therapy at one and two years after HCC recurrence (P = 0.035). Multivariate analysis showed radical resection combined with nonsurgical therapy for recurrent HCC and sorafenib-lenvatinib sequential therapy were independent favorable factors for post-recurrence survival. CONCLUSIONS Aggressive surgical intervention in well-selected patients significantly improves OS after recurrence. A multidisciplinary treatment approach is required to slow down disease progression for patients with unresectable recurrent HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, 848 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, 848 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xin-Yao Tian
- Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qin-Fen Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, 848 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, 848 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Qi-Yong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, 848 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Cheng-Ze Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, 848 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shu-Sen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Liver Transplantation, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Zhejiang Shuren University School of Medicine, 848 Dongxin Road, Hangzhou 310022, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China; National Clinical Research Center of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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