High expression of MAGE-C1 gene in colorectal cancer is associated with its poor prognosis

Mutational signatures and their association with cancer survival and gene expression in multiple cancer types

Different endogenous and exogenous mutational processes cause specific patterns of somatic mutations and mutational signatures. Although their biological research has been intensive, there are only rare studies assessing the possible prognostic role of mutational signatures. We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to study the associations between the activity of the mutational signatures and four survival endpoints in 18 types of malignancies. We further explored the prognostic differences according to, for example, the HPV status in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and smoking status in lung cancers. The predictive power of the signatures over time was evaluated with a dynamic area under the curve model, and the links between mutational signature activities and differences in gene expression patterns were analyzed. In 12 of 18 studied cancer types, we identified at least one mutational signature whose activity predicted survival outcomes after adjusting for the established prognostic factors. For example, overall survival was associated with the activity of mutational signatures in nine cancer types and disease-specific survival in seven cancer types. The clock-like signatures SBS5 and SBS40 were most commonly associated with survival endpoints. The genes of the myosin binding protein and melanoma antigen families were among the most substantially dysregulated genes between the signatures of low and high activity. The differences in gene expression also revealed various enriched pathways. Based on these data, specific mutational signatures associate with the gene expression and have the potential to serve as strong prognostic factors in several cancer types.

Immunotherapy of microsatellite stable colorectal cancer: resistance mechanisms and treatment strategies

In recent years, immunotherapy strategies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors have yielded good efficacy in colorectal cancer (CRC)especially in colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability-high. However, microsatellite-stable (MSS) CRCs account for about 85% of CRCs and are resistant to immunotherapy. Previous studies have shown that compared with MSS CRC, high microsatellite instability CRC possesses a higher frequency of mutations and can generate more neoantigens. Therefore, improving the sensitivity of immunotherapy to MSS CRC is a hot topic which is crucial for the treatment of MSS CRC. This review aims to discuss the factors contributing to MSS CRC insensitivity to immunotherapy and explored potential solutions to overcome immunotherapy resistance.

The Association of Melanoma-Associated Antigen-C Gene With Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To investigate the correlation of melanoma-associated antigen-C gene expression with clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis in patients with breast cancer through a meta-analysis. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases were searched from the establishment of the databases to December 2022. The New castle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for literature quality evaluation, and meta-analysis of all studies was performed using Rev Man 5.3 and Stata14.0. A total of 11 studies and 1146 samples were included in the meta-analysis. High expression of MAGE-C gene was significantly correlated with tumor grade (OR = 8.06, 95%CI:4.14-15.67, P < .00001), lymph node metastasis (OR = 8.06, 95%CI:4.14-15.67, P < .00001), tumor type (OR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.23-0.49, P < .00001), tumor stage (OR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.05-0.38, P = .0001<.05), ER expression (OR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.05-0.38, P = .0001<.05), HER-2 expression (OR = 0.24, 95%CI:0.11-0.57, P = .001<.05) and tumor embolus (OR = 0.24, 95%CI:0.11-0.57, P = .001<.05). In addition, the MAGE-C expression was correlated with the reduced overall survival (HR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.52-2.99, P < .0001), recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.59, 95%CI:1.47-4.56, P = .0010) and metastasis-free survival (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.38-4.59, P = .003). The high expression of MAGE-C gene is closely related to some clinicopathological parameters and poor prognosis of breast cancer, which may be used as a potential biomarker to determine the prognosis of breast cancer.

Integrated analysis of multi-omics data for the discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer

The considerable burden of colorectal cancer and the rising trend in young adults emphasize the necessity of understanding its underlying mechanisms, providing new diagnostic and prognostic markers, and improving therapeutic approaches. Precision medicine is a new trend all over the world and identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets is a step forward towards this trend. In this context, multi-omics data and integrated analysis are being investigated to develop personalized medicine in the management of colorectal cancer. Given the large amount of data from multi-omics approach, data integration and analysis is a great challenge. In this Review, we summarize how statistical and machine learning techniques are applied to analyze multi-omics data and how it contributes to the discovery of useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Moreover, we discuss the importance of these biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the clinical management of colorectal cancer in the future. Taken together, integrated analysis of multi-omics data has great potential for finding novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, however, there are still challenges to overcome in future studies.