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Huang W, Su D, Liao X, Yang T, Lu Y, Zhang Z. Prognostic costimulatory molecule-related signature risk model correlates with immunotherapy response in colon cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:789. [PMID: 36646765 PMCID: PMC9842650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Costimulatory molecules can promote the activation and proliferation of T cells and play an essential role in immunotherapy. However, their role in the prognosis of colon adenocarcinoma remains elusive. In this study, the expression data of costimulatory molecules and clinicopathological information of 429 patients with colon adenocarcinoma were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The patients were divided into training and verification cohorts. Correlation, Cox regression, and Lasso regression analyses were performed to identify costimulatory molecules related to prognosis. After mentioning the construction of the risk mode, a nomogram integrating the clinical characteristics and risk scores of patients was constructed to predict prognosis. Eventually, three prognostic costimulatory molecules were identified and used for constructing a risk model. High expression of these three molecules indicated a poor prognosis. The predictive accuracy of the risk model was verified in the GSE17536 dataset. Subsequently, multivariate regression analysis showed that the signature based on the three costimulatory molecules was an independent risk factor in the training cohort (HR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.26, 3.56). Based on the risk model and clinicopathological data, the AUC values for predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probability of patients with colon adenocarcinoma were 0.77, 0.77, and 0.71, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report a risk signature constructed based on the costimulatory molecules TNFRSF10c, TNFRSF13c, and TNFRSF11a. This risk signature can serve as a prognostic biomarker for colon adenocarcinoma and is related to the immunotherapeutic response of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, 168 Wanjiali North Road, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Duntao Su
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Cardiac Macrovascular Surgery, Yueyang Central Hospital, 39 Dongmaoling Road, Yueyang, 410000, China
| | - Tongtong Yang
- Hunan Sany Industrial Vocational and Technical College, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid, Xiangya Boai Rehabilitation Hospital, 168 Wanjiali North Road, Changsha, 410100, China
| | - Zhejia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Fan X, Xie F, Zhang L, Tong C, Zhang Z. Identification of immune-related ferroptosis prognostic marker and in-depth bioinformatics exploration of multi-omics mechanisms in thyroid cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:961450. [PMID: 36060256 PMCID: PMC9428456 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.961450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Factors such as variations in thyroid carcinoma (THCA) gene characteristics could influence the clinical outcome. Ferroptosis and immunity have been verified to play an essential role in various cancers, and could affect the cancer patients’ prognosis. However, their relationship to the progression and prognosis of many types of THCA remains unclear. Methods: First, we extracted prognosis-related immune-related genes and ferroptosis-related genes from 2 databases for co-expression analysis to obtain prognosis-related differentially expressed immune-related ferroptosis genes (PR-DE-IRFeGs), and screened BID and CDKN2A for building a prognostic model. Subsequently, multiple validation methods were used to test the model’s performance and compare its performance with other 4 external models. Then, we explored the mechanism of immunity and ferroptosis in the occurrence, development and prognosis of THCA from the perspectives of anti-tumor immunity, CDKN2A-related competitive endogenous RNA regulatory, copy number variations and high frequency gene mutation. Finally, we evaluated this model’s clinical practice value. Results: BID and CDKN2A were identified as prognostic risk and protective factors, respectively. External data and qRT-PCR experiment also validated their differential expression. The model’s excellent performance has been repeatedly verified and outperformed other models. Risk scores were significantly associated with most immune cells/functions. Risk score/2 PR-DE-IRFeGs expression was strongly associated with BRAF/NRAS/HRAS mutation. Single copy number deletion of CDKN2A is associated with upregulation of CDKN2A expression and worse prognosis. The predicted regulatory network consisting of CYTOR, hsa-miRNA-873-5p and CDKN2A was shown to significantly affect prognosis. The model and corresponding nomogram have been shown to have excellent clinical practice value. Conclusion: The model can effectively predict the THCA patients’ prognosis and guide clinical treatment. Ferroptosis and immunity may be involved in the THCA’s progression through antitumor immunity and BRAF/NRAS/HRAS mutation. CYTOR-hsa-miRNA-873-5p-CDKN2A regulatory networks and single copy number deletion of CDKN2A may also affect THCA′ progression and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chang Tong
- Pediatric Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyuan Zhang,
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Tan ES, Knepper TC, Wang X, Permuth JB, Wang L, Fleming JB, Xie H. Copy Number Alterations as Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2223. [PMID: 35565354 PMCID: PMC9101426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In colorectal cancer, somatic mutations have played an important role as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, with some also functioning as therapeutic targets. Another genetic aberration that has shown significance in colorectal cancer is copy number alterations (CNAs). CNAs occur when a change to the DNA structure propagates gain/amplification or loss/deletion in sections of DNA, which can often lead to changes in protein expression. Multiple techniques have been developed to detect CNAs, including comparative genomic hybridization with microarray, low pass whole genome sequencing, and digital droplet PCR. In this review, we summarize key findings in the literature regarding the role of CNAs in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, from adenoma to carcinoma to distant metastasis, and discuss the roles of CNAs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine S. Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive Tampa, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (E.S.T.); (J.B.P.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Todd C. Knepper
- Department of Individualized Cancer Management, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive Tampa, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive Tampa, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Jennifer B. Permuth
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive Tampa, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (E.S.T.); (J.B.P.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12901 USF Magnolia Drive Tampa, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Jason B. Fleming
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive Tampa, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (E.S.T.); (J.B.P.); (J.B.F.)
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive Tampa, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (E.S.T.); (J.B.P.); (J.B.F.)
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Lu M, Li J, Fan X, Xie F, Fan J, Xiong Y. Novel Immune-Related Ferroptosis Signature in Esophageal Cancer: An Informatics Exploration of Biological Processes Related to the TMEM161B-AS1/hsa-miR-27a-3p/GCH1 Regulatory Network. Front Genet 2022; 13:829384. [PMID: 35281840 PMCID: PMC8908453 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.829384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Considering the role of immunity and ferroptosis in the invasion, proliferation and treatment of cancer, it is of interest to construct a model of prognostic-related differential expressed immune-related ferroptosis genes (PR-DE-IRFeGs), and explore the ferroptosis-related biological processes in esophageal cancer (ESCA).Methods: Four ESCA datasets were used to identify three PR-DE-IRFeGs for constructing the prognostic model. Validation of our model was based on analyses of internal and external data sets, and comparisons with past models. With the biological-based enrichment analysis as a guide, exploration for ESCA-related biological processes was undertaken with respect to the immune microenvironment, mutations, competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA), and copy number variation (CNV). The model’s clinical applicability was measured by nomogram and correlation analysis between risk score and gene expression, and also immune-based and chemotherapeutic sensitivity.Results: Three PR-DE-IRFeGs (DDIT3, SLC2A3, and GCH1), risk factors for prognosis of ESCA patients, were the basis for constructing the prognostic model. Validation of our model shows a meaningful capability for prognosis prediction. Furthermore, many biological functions and pathways related to immunity and ferroptosis were enriched in the high-risk group, and the role of the TMEM161B-AS1/hsa-miR-27a-3p/GCH1 network in ESCA is supported. Also, the KMT2D mutation is associated with our risk score and SLC2A3 expression. Overall, the prognostic model was associated with treatment sensitivity and levels of gene expression.Conclusion: A novel, prognostic model was shown to have high predictive value. Biological processes related to immune functions, KMT2D mutation, CNV and the TMEM161B-AS1/hsa-miR-27a-3p/GCH1 network were involved in ESCA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lu
- Department of Emergency, Shangrao People’s Hospital, Shangrao Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Shangrao, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Fan
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Fan,
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Shangrao Municipal Hospital, Shangrao, China
| | - Yuanping Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Dong Y, Liu X, Jiang B, Wei S, Xiang B, Liao R, Wang Q, He X. A Genome-Wide Investigation of Effects of Aberrant DNA Methylation on the Usage of Alternative Promoters in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 11:780266. [PMID: 35111672 PMCID: PMC8803206 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.780266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alternative usage of promoters provides a way to regulate gene expression, has a significant influence on the transcriptome, and contributes to the cellular transformation of cancer. However, the function of alternative promoters (APs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been systematically studied yet. In addition, the potential mechanism of regulation to the usage of APs remains unclear. DNA methylation, one of the most aberrant epigenetic modifications in cancers, is known to regulate transcriptional activity. Whether DNA methylation regulates the usage of APs needs to be explored. Here, we aim to investigate the effects of DNA methylation on usage of APs in HCC. METHODS Promoter activities were calculated based on RNA-seq data. Functional enrichment analysis was implemented to conduct GO terms. Correlation tests were used to detect the correlation between promoter activity and methylation status. The LASSO regression model was used to generate a diagnostic model. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the overall survival between high and low methylation groups. RNA-seq and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) in HCC samples were performed to validate the correlation of promoter activity and methylation. RESULTS We identified 855 APs in total, which could be well used to distinguish cancer from normal samples. The correlation of promoter activity and DNA methylation in APs was observed, and the APs with negative correlation were defined as methylation-regulated APs (mrAPs). Six mrAPs were identified to generate a diagnostic model with good performance (AUC = 0.97). Notably, the majority of mrAPs had CpG sites that could be used to predict clinical outcomes by methylation status. Finally, we verified 85.6% of promoter activity variation and 92.3% of methylation changes in our paired RNA-seq and WGBS samples, respectively. The negative correlation between promoter activity and methylation status was further confirmed in our HCC samples. CONCLUSION The aberrant methylation status plays a critical role in the precision usage of APs in HCC, which sheds light on the mechanism of cancer development and provides a new insight into cancer screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Dong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaozhao Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bijun Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siting Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bangde Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Ruichu Liao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ximiao He
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics Research, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Yang X, Fang L, Zhang C. CNV Analysis of the Correlation between Preoperative Lymph Node Metastasis and Prognosis of Early Tongue Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:6135-6144. [PMID: 34539886 PMCID: PMC8425219 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the relationship between preoperative concealed lymph node metastasis (LNM) and prognosis in patients with early tongue cancer. Methods: According to preoperative lymph node dissection, 41 patients with tongue cancer were divided into the LNM group (n=19) and the non-LNM group (n=22). Analysis of single nucleotide variation (SNV), tumor mutation burden (TMB), mutant allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH), aneuploidy and copy number variation (CNV) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to LNM. While KEGG analysis was conducted to reveal the CNV differentially expressed genes and main enriched pathways, the correlation between pathways and genes was analyzed by hierarchical clustering. The clinical information of LNM and data on overall survival (OS) rate were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and survival analysis was performed based on combined LNM information. Results: We observed significant correlations for the mTOR signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway with the LNM group, while leukocyte transendothelial migration and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction were markedly correlated with the non-LNM group. Moreover, TNFRSF10C was identified as the main DEG in the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway. TCGA-based validation revealed that the disease-free survival (DFS) of the non-LNM group was significantly higher than that of the LNM group (P<0.005) when TNFRSF10C CNV was set to a log2 ratio>-0.163. Conclusion: The differential expression of TNFRSF10C in leukocyte transendothelial migration, an immune-related pathway, is associated with LNM and DFS. The TNFRSF10C CNV log2 ratio could potentially serve as an indicator of good prognosis for tongue cancer patients with non-LNM after neck dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Oral & MaxillofacialeHead & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Genecast Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuxi 214104, China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral & MaxillofacialeHead & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Zhang Y, Huang X, Liu J, Chen G, Liu C, Zhang S, Li J. New insight into long non-coding RNAs associated with bone metastasis of breast cancer based on an integrated analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:372. [PMID: 34256750 PMCID: PMC8276423 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone is the most common site of metastatic breast cancer, and it is a leading cause of breast cancer-related death. This study aimed to explore bone metastasis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in breast cancer. Methods Four mRNA datasets and two lncRNA datasets of bone metastasis, lung metastasis and liver metastasis of breast cancer were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in group of bone metastasis vs lung metastasis and bone metastasis vs liver metastasis, as well as the overlap of the two groups, were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction of DEmRNAs were conducted. The cis nearby-targeted DEmRNAs of DElncRNAs were obtained. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of selected DEmRNAs and DElncRNAs. LOC641518-lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) pair was selected to verify its role in migration and invasion capability of breast cancer cells by wounding healing assay and transwell invasion assay. Results A total of 237 DEmRNAs were obtained in bone metastasis compared with both lung metastasis and liver metastasis. A total of three DElncRNAs in bone metastasis compared with both lung metastasis and liver metastasis were obtained. A total of seven DElncRNA-nearby-targeted DEmRNA pairs and 15 DElncRNA-nearby-targeted DEmRNA pairs in group of bone metastasis vs lung metastasis and bone metastasis vs liver metastasis, were detected, respectively. Four cis LncRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified, which are LOC641518-LEF1, FLJ35024-Very Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor (VLDLR), LOC285972-Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 2 (RARRES2) and LOC254896-TNF receptor superfamily member 10c (TNFRSF10C). qRT-PCR using clinical samples from our hospital confirms the bioinformatics prediction. siRNA knocking down LOC641518 down-regulates LEF1 mRNA expression, and reduces the migration and invasion capability of breast cancer cells. Conclusions We concluded that four LncRNA-mRNA pairs, including LOC641518-LEF1, may play a central role in breast cancer bone metastasis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02068-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chengjun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University & Lishui City People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Pariyar M, Johns A, Thorne RF, Scott RJ, Avery-Kiejda KA. Copy number variation in triple negative breast cancer samples associated with lymph node metastasis. Neoplasia 2021; 23:743-753. [PMID: 34225099 PMCID: PMC8259224 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly metastatic and aggressive subtype of breast cancer and cases presenting with lymph node involvement have worse outcomes. This study aimed to determine the regions of copy number variation (CNV) associated with lymph node metastasis in TNBC patients. CNV analyses were performed in a study cohort of 23 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs), 12 lymph node metastases (LNmets), and 7 normal adjacent tissues (NATs); as well as in an independent cohort containing 70 TNBC IDCs and the same 7 NATs. CNV-associated genes were analyzed using GO-enrichment and Pathway analysis. The prognostic role for genes showing CNV-based changes in messenger RNA expression was determined using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. For the IDCs, there were a number of variations that were common in both the study and independent cohorts in the amplified regions of 1q, 8q, 19 (p and q), 2p, 5p and the deleted regions in 8p followed by 5q, and 19p. The most frequently amplified regions in the LNmets of the study cohort were 4q28.3, 2p, 3q24, 1q21.2, 10p, 12p11.1, 8q, 20p11.22-20p11.21, 21q22.13, 6p22.1 and the most frequently deleted regions were in 1p36.23, 4q21.1 and 5q. A total of 686 (441 amplified and 245 deleted) genes were associated with LNmets. The LNmet-associated genes were highly enriched for “regulation of complement activation,” “regulation of protein activation cascade,” “regulation of humoral immune response,” “oxytocin signalling pathway,” and “TRAIL binding” pathways. Moreover, 6/686 LNmet-associated genes showed CNV-based changes in their mRNA expression of which, high expression of ASPM and KIF14 was significantly associated with worse relapse-free survival. This study has identified several CNV regions in TNBC that could play a major role in metastasis to the lymph node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Pariyar
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea Johns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Rick F Thorne
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; NSW Health Pathology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
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Inhibition of Autophagy Amplifies Baicalein-Induced Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:1-7. [PMID: 33024814 PMCID: PMC7522588 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is a Chinese herbal compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis that has anti-tumor properties. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of action of baicalein against human colorectal cancer cell lines and to assess whether the anti-proliferative effects of baicalein may be amplified with autophagy inhibition. Human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, HCT-116, SW480, and SW620) were treated with baicalein alone and in combination with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Baicalein reduced cell viability in all four colon cancer lines in a dose-dependent fashion. Combination treatment of baicalein and the autophagy inhibitor CQ significantly decreased cell viability compared with baicalein alone in HT-29 and HCT-116 cell lines. Western blot analysis of the HCT-116 cell line treated with both baicalein and CQ demonstrated increased expression of LC3-II, a component of autophagy. The combination of baicalein with CQ culminated in activation of caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of autophagy enhanced apoptotic cell death induced by baicalein treatment in colon cancer cell lines. Future work will assess other targetable apoptotic pathways activated by baicalein and autophagy inhibition.
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Gao C, Zhuang J, Li H, Liu C, Zhou C, Liu L, Feng F, Sun C, Wu J. Development of a risk scoring system for evaluating the prognosis of patients with Her2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:121. [PMID: 32322168 PMCID: PMC7161270 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the many breast cancer subtypes, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2)-positive breast cancer has higher invasiveness and poor prognosis, although the advent of anti-Her2 drugs has brought good news to patients. However, the emergence of drug resistance still limits its clinical efficacy, so there is an urgent need to explore new targets and develop a risk scoring system to improve treatments and evaluate patient prognosis. Methods Differentially expressed mRNAs associated with Her2-positive breast cancer were screened from a TCGA cohort. The prognostic risk scoring system was constructed according to univariate and Lasso Cox regression model analyses and combined with clinical factors (such as age and TNM) for univariate and multivariate analyses to verify the specificity and sensitivity of the risk scoring system. Finally, based on correlation and CNV mutation analyses, we explored the research value of the mRNAs involved in the system as key genes of the model. Results In this study, six mRNAs were screened and identified to construct a prognostic risk scoring system, including four up-regulated mRNA (RDH16, SPC25, SPC24, and SCUBE3) and two down-regulated mRNA (DGAT2 and CCDC69). The risk scoring system can divide Her2-positive breast cancer samples into high-risk and low-risk groups to evaluate patient prognosis. In addition, whether through the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve or compared with clinical factors, the risk scoring system showed high predictive sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, some CNV mutations in mRNA increase patient risk by influencing expression levels. Conclusion The risk scoring system constructed in this study is helpful to improve the screening of high-risk patients with Her2-positive breast cancer and is beneficial for implementing early diagnosis and personalized treatment. It is suggested that these mRNAs may play an important role in the progression of Her2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundi Gao
- 1College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Departmen of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261041 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Huayao Li
- 2College of Basic Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Cun Liu
- 1College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Departmen of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261041 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Departmen of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261041 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Fubin Feng
- Departmen of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, 261041 Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Changgang Sun
- 4Cancer and Immunology Institute, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong People's Republic of China
| | - Jibiao Wu
- 2College of Basic Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014 Shandong People's Republic of China
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11
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Yuan W, Liu L, Wei C, Li X, Sun D, Dai C, Li S, Peng S, Jiang L. Identification and meta-analysis of copy number variation-driven circadian clock genes for colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4816-4824. [PMID: 31611992 PMCID: PMC6781691 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both copy number variation (CNV) and circadian clock genes play a critical role in the etiology and pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, a comprehensive analysis of CNV-driven circadian clock genes is urgently required. The present study aimed to investigate the systematic associations between somatic cell CNVs and circadian clock gene expression in patients with CRC. Using somatic CNV, legacy clinical information and gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, 295 genes that were significantly differentially expressed and with significantly different CNV were obtained, and the expression of the genes, among which 15 were circadian clock genes, was significantly associated with CNV. Further analysis revealed that aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like 2 (ARNTL2) expression and CNV in these circadian clock genes were significantly associated with survival time in patients with CRC, and the expression of ARNTL2 was also significantly associated with the pathological stage of CRC. Gene set enrichment analysis found that ARNTL2 is enriched for gene sets associated with CRC pathogenesis such as the p53 signaling pathway. These results suggest that ARNTL2 may be a promising prognostic biomarker for patients with CRC, and that circadian clock genes play an important role in CRC through CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Yuan
- School of Optical-Electric and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Chizhou University, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Chizhou University, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, P.R. China
| | - Cai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China.,College of Engineering, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Chaoxu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Sicong Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Sihua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China.,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, P.R. China
| | - Linhua Jiang
- School of Optical-Electric and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
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12
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Ying K, Chong Y, Wei W, Bing D, Yanyan S, Xuefeng Y, Wei W, Ke L. Effect of FOLFOX6 chemotherapy on serum VEGF expression in advanced colorectal cancer patients. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019; 65:177-182. [PMID: 30892441 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of FOLFOX6 chemotherapy on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in advanced colorectal cancer patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 81 patients with advanced colorectal cancer who visited our hospital from March 2014 to February 2016 was performed. All the patients were treated with FOLFOX6 chemotherapy. On day 1, patients received oxaliplatin 100 mg/m2 ivgtt (2h), calcium folinate 200 mg/m2 ivgtt (2h), 5 fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 iv bolus and 5 fluorouracil 2500 mg/m2 ivgtt (5h). The treatment course was 2 weeks, and 4 treatment courses were required. The changes in the levels of VEGF and CRP and quality of life before and after 4 courses of chemotherapy were observed and therapeutic effects and adverse reactions after chemotherapy were evaluated. RESULTS After treatment, the total efficiency of chemotherapy was 82.72% (67/81) with 24 cases in complete remission, 25 cases in partial response, 18 cases in stable disease and 14 cases in progressive disease. The levels of CRP and VEGF after the treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (5.69±0.77) mg/L vs. (7.99±1.36) mg/L; (443.26±21.55) pg/mL vs. (542.83±20.44) pg/mL] (P<0.05). The KPS grade after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment (57.84±4.6) point vs. (50.99±3.73) point] (P<0.05). Among them, 3 cases developed a rash, 5 cases experienced hair loss, and 9 cases developed nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION FOLFOX6 chemotherapy can decrease serum VEGF expression in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and enhance the curative effect with high safety, which is good for the improvement of patients' survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong Ying
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Yang Chong
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Dong Bing
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Su Yanyan
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Yi Xuefeng
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Wang Wei
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Li Ke
- Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
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13
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Zhou C, Pan R, Hu H, Li B, Dai J, Ying X, Yu H, Zhong J, Mao Y, Zhang Y, Wu D, Duan S. TNFRSF10C methylation is a new epigenetic biomarker for colorectal cancer. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5336. [PMID: 30225159 PMCID: PMC6139245 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal methylation of TNFRSF10C was found to be associated with different types of cancers, excluding colorectal cancer (CRC). In this paper, the performance of TNFRSF10C methylation in CRC was studied in two stages. Method The discovery stage was involved with 38 pairs of CRC tumor and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues, and 69 pairs of CRC tumor and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues were used for the validation stage. Quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) method and percentage of methylated reference (PMR) were used to test and represent the methylation level of TNFRSF10C, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment was conducted to evaluate the promoter activity of TNFRSF10C fragment. Results A significant association of TNFRSF10C promoter hypermethylation with CRC was found and validated (discovery stage: 24.67 ± 7.52 vs. 3.36 ± 0.89; P = 0.003; validation stage: 31.21 ± 12.48 vs. 4.52 ± 1.47; P = 0.0005). Subsequent analyses of TCGA data among 46 pairs of CRC samples further confirmed our findings (cg23965061: P = 4E - 6; cg14015044: P = 1E - 7). Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that TNFRSF10C fragment was able to significantly promote gene expression (Fold change = 2.375, P = 0.013). Our data confirmed that TNFRSF10C promoter hypermethylation can predict shorter overall survival of CRC patients (P = 0.032). Additionally, bioinformatics analyses indicated that TNFRSF10C hypermethylation was significantly associated with lower TNFRSF10C expression. Conclusion Our work suggested that TNFRSF10C hypermethylation was significantly associated with the risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhou
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ranran Pan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Haochang Hu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bin Li
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiuru Ying
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiyi Mao
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongping Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- Medical Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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14
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Su C, Li D, Li N, Du Y, Yang C, Bai Y, Lin C, Li X, Zhang Y. Studying the mechanism of PLAGL2 overexpression and its carcinogenic characteristics based on 3'-untranslated region in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1479-1490. [PMID: 29512763 PMCID: PMC5873895 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) is a zinc finger protein transcription factor, which is upregulated and serves an oncogenic function in multiple human malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). First, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of PLAGL2 in CRC tissues and normal tissues. Then, bioinformatics analysis, RT-qPCR, western blotting, luciferase reporter assays and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays were performed to explore whether the underlying mechanisms, including copy number variation (CNV), microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) led to the abnormal expression of PLAGL2. Finally, cell counting kit-8 assays, Transwell assays and xenograft models were used to detect carcinogenesis-associated characteristics based on the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of PLAGL2. In the present study, PLAGL2 was revealed to be upregulated in CRC tissues compared with normal CRC tissues. CNV was one of the causes leading to the upregulation of PLAGL2. miRNA, including downregulated miR-486-5p, and RBPs, including upregulated human antigen R (HuR), were other key underlying causes. In addition, PLAGL2 3′-UTR was revealed to promote the progression of CRC in vitro and in vivo, and to regulate the expression of C-MYC and CD44. To conclude, these results suggested that high expression of PLAGL2 in CRC was associated with CNV, miR-486-5p and HuR expression, whose 3′-UTR may promote colon carcinogenesis and serve as a novel potential biomarker for CRC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Daojiang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Nanpeng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yuheng Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Chunxing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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