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Arginteanu T, Gallagher RS, Borja AJ, Glauser G, Smith LJ, Pasha S, DeTurck D, Malhotra NR. Quantifying a novel three-dimensional marker of scoliosis. Spine Deform 2024; 12:231-237. [PMID: 37737438 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-023-00752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scoliosis causes abnormal spinal curvature and torsional rotation of the vertebrae and has implications for human suffering and societal cost. In differential geometry, Writhe describes three-dimensional curvature. Differential geometric quantities can inform better diagnostic metrics of scoliotic deformity. This evaluation could help physicians and researchers study scoliosis and determine treatments. METHODS Eight adult lumbar spine CT scans were analyzed in custom MATLAB programs to estimate Writhe and Cobb angle. Five patients exhibited scoliotic curvature, and three controls were asymptomatic. Vertebral centroids in three-dimensional space were determined, and Writhe was approximated. A T-test determined whether the affected spines had greater Writhe than the controls. Cohen's D test was used to determine effect size. RESULTS Writhe of scoliotic spines (5.4E-4 ± 2.7E-4) was significantly higher than non-scoliotic spines (8.2E-5 ± 1.1E-4; p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Writhe, a measure of curvature derived from 3D imaging, is significantly greater in scoliotic than in non-scoliotic spines. Future directions must include more subjects and examine writhe as a marker of scoliosis severity, progression, and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toren Arginteanu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Spine Research Lab of the University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall 110, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Mathematics, David Rittenhouse Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ryan S Gallagher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Austin J Borja
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gregory Glauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lachlan J Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Spine Research Lab of the University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall 110, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Saba Pasha
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dennis DeTurck
- Department of Mathematics, David Rittenhouse Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Neil R Malhotra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Translational Spine Research Lab of the University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Stemmler Hall 110, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Zhang Z, Song J, Jia S, Tian Z, Zhang Z, Zheng G, Meng C, Li N. How does the correction in lumbar lordosis affect the spinopelvic realignments in degenerative lumbar scoliosis underwent scoliosis surgery? Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:403. [PMID: 37798787 PMCID: PMC10552202 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effects of correction in lumbar lordosis (LL) that have on full-body realignments in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) who had undergone long sacroiliac fusion surgery. METHODS A multi-center retrospective study including 88 DLS patients underwent the surgical procedure of long sacroiliac fusion with instrumentations was performed. Comparisons of radiographic and quality-of-life (QoL) data among that at the pre-operation, the 3rd month and the final follow-up were performed. The correlations between the LL correction and the changes in other spinopelvic parameters were explored using Pearson-correlation linear analysis and linear regression analysis. The correlation coefficient (r) and the adjusted r2 were calculated subsequently. RESULTS All radiographic and QoL data improved significantly (P < 0.001) after the surgical treatments. The LL correction correlated (P < 0.001) with the changes in the sacral slope (SS, r = 0.698), pelvic tilt (PT, r = -0.635), sagittal vertical axis (SVA, r = -0.591), T1 pelvic angle (TPA, r = -0.782), and the mismatch of pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI-LL, r = -0.936), respectively. Moreover, LL increased by 1° for each of the following spinopelvic parameter changes (P < 0.001): 2.62° for SS (r2 = 0.488), -4.01° for PT (r2 = 0.404), -4.86° for TPA (r2 = 0.612), -2.08° for the PI-LL (r2 = 0.876) and -15.74 mm for SVA (r2 = 0.349). Changes in the thoracic kyphosis (r = 0.259) and pelvic femur angle (r = 0.12) were independent of the LL correction, respectively. CONCLUSIONS LL correction correlated significantly to the changes in spinopelvic parameters; however, those independent variables including the thoracic spine and hip variables probably be remodeled themselves to maintain the full-body balance in DLS patients underwent the correction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Guhuai Road 89, Jining, 272007, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingshi Road 16369, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jianing Song
- Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Jia
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Guhuai Road 89, Jining, 272007, China
| | - Zhikang Tian
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Guhuai Road 89, Jining, 272007, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Guhuai Road 89, Jining, 272007, China
| | - Guoquan Zheng
- The Spine Surgery, The first medical center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunyang Meng
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Guhuai Road 89, Jining, 272007, China.
| | - Nianhu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingshi Road 16369, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Yearley AG, Chalif JI, Zaidi HA. Utility of Expandable Interbody Cages in Open Transforaminal Interbody Fusions: A Comparison With Static Cages. Cureus 2023; 15:e40262. [PMID: 37440805 PMCID: PMC10335839 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Expandable interbody cages, while popular in minimally invasive fusions due to their slim profile and increased ease of insertion, have not been widely explored in open surgery. The benefits of expandable cages may also extend to open fusions through their potential to achieve a greater restoration of lumbar lordosis while minimizing intraoperative complications. To highlight these benefits, we present a case series of adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients treated with an open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) using expandable cages and compare outcomes to those of patients treated with static cages from the literature. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent a deformity correction procedure and TLIF with expandable interbody cages at Brigham and Women's Hospital between 2018 and 2022 was conducted. Patient demographics, complications, and pre- and postoperative radiographic parameters of spinopelvic alignment were collected. A literature search was completed to identify studies employing static cages. T-tests were performed to compare postoperative changes in radiographic parameters by cage type. Results Forty-five patients (mean age of 62.6 years) with an average of 2.1 cages placed met the inclusion criteria. Patients experienced five intraoperative complications and 23 neurologic deficits (from minor to major), while nine patients required a revision operation. Lumbar lordosis increased by 9.8° ± 14.5° (p < 0.0001), the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) decreased by 25.5 mm ± 56.7 mm (p = 0.0048), and pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch decreased by 13.3° ± 17.5° (p < 0.0001) with the use of expandable cages. Expandable cages yielded similar changes in lumbar lordosis to 15° and 8° cages but improved the lumbar lordosis generated from rectangular and 4° cages. When compared to static cages, expandable cages mildly reduced intraoperative complications. Conclusions Expandable interbody cages are an effective means of restoring spinopelvic alignment in ASD that have the potential to improve patient outcomes in open fusions compared to standard static cages. Especially when compared to rectangular and 4° static cages, expandable cages provide a clear benefit in the correction of lumbar lordosis. The impact of open spinal fusions with expandable cages on outcomes should continue to be explored in other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Yearley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Joshua I Chalif
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Hasan A Zaidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
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Mittal S, Sudhakar PV, Ahuja K, Ifthekar S, Yadav G, Sinha S, Goyal N, Verma V, Sarkar B, Kandwal P. Deformity Correction with Interbody Fusion Using Lateral versus Posterior Approach in Adult Degenerative Scoliosis: A Systematic Review and Observational Meta-analysis. Asian Spine J 2023; 17:431-451. [PMID: 36642969 PMCID: PMC10151641 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2022.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to systematically review and meta-analyze the functional and radiological outcomes between lateral and posterior approaches in adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS). Both lateral (lumbar, extreme, and oblique) and posterior interbody fusion (posterior lumbar and transforaminal) are used for deformity correction in patients with ADS with unclear comparison in this cohort of patients in the existing literature. A literature search using three electronic databases was performed to identify studies that reported outcomes of lateral (group L) and posterior interbody fusion (group P) in patients with ADS with curves of 10°-40°. Group P was further subdivided into minimally invasive surgery (MIS-P) and open posterior (Op-P) subgroups. Data on functional, radiological, and operative outcomes, length of hospital stay (LOHS), fusion rates, and complications were extracted and meta-analyzed using the random-effects model. A total of 18 studies (732 patients) met the inclusion criteria. No significant difference was found in functional and radiological outcomes between the two groups on data pooling. Total operative time in the MIS-P subgroup was less than that of group L (233.86 minutes vs. 401 minutes, p <0.05). The total blood loss in group L was less than that in the Op-P subgroup(477 mL vs. 1,325.6 mL, p <0.05). Group L had significantly less LOHS than the Op-P subgroup (4.15 days vs. 13.5 days, p <0.05). No significant difference was seen in fusion rates, but complications were seen except for transient sensorimotor weakness (group L: 24.3%, group P: 5.6%; p <0.05). Complications, such as postoperative thigh pain (7.7%), visceral injuries (2%), and retrograde ejaculation (3.7%), were seen only in group L while adjacent segment degeneration was seen only in group P (8.6%). Lateral approach has an advantage in blood loss and LOHS over the Op-P subgroup. The MIS-P subgroup has less operative time than group L, but with comparable blood loss and LOHS. No significant difference was found in functional, radiological, fusion rates, pseudoarthrosis, and complications, except for transient sensorimotor deficits. Few complications were approach-specific in each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth Mittal
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | | | - Kaustubh Ahuja
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Syed Ifthekar
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Gagandeep Yadav
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Shivendra Sinha
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Nikhil Goyal
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Bhaskar Sarkar
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kandwal
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
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5-Year Revision Rates After Elective Multilevel Lumbar/Thoracolumbar Instrumented Fusions in Older Patients: An Analysis of State Databases. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022; 30:476-483. [PMID: 35196291 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-21-00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study wasto evaluate cause-specific 5-year revision rates and risk factors for revision after elective multilevel lumbar instrumented fusion in older patients. METHODS Older patients (>60 years) who underwent elective multilevel (3+) lumbar instrumented fusions were identified in Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project state inpatient databases and followed for 5 years for revision operations because of mechanical failure, degenerative disease (DD), infection, postlaminectomy syndrome, and stenosis. Cox proportional hazards multivariate analyses were conducted to determine risk factors associated with revision for each diagnostic cause. RESULTS The cohort included 5,636 patients (female-3,285; average age-71.6 years). Most of the operations were 3 to 7 levels (97.4%), and the mean length of stay was 5.4 days. The overall 5-year revision rate was 16.5% with predominant etiologies of DD (50.7%), mechanical failure (32.2%), and stenosis (8.0%). The revision procedure at the index operation was associated with an increased revision risk for DD (hazards ratio [HR] = 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29 to 1.98, P < 0.001) and mechanical failure (HR = 1.56, 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.04, P = 0.020). Male sex was associated with a significantly reduced revision risk for DD (HR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.91, P = 0.04). Age, race, and number of comorbidities had no notable effect on the overall or cause-specific risk of revision. DISCUSSION In this large database analysis, DD and mechanical failure were the most common etiologies comprising a 5-year revision rate of 16.5% after elective multilevel lumbar instrumented fusion in older patients. Revision operations and female patients carried the strongest risks for revision.
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Song J, Katz AD, Perfetti D, Job A, Morris M, Goldstein J, Virk S, Silber J, Essig D. Impact of Discharge to Rehabilitation on Postdischarge Morbidity Following Multilevel Posterior Lumbar Fusion. Clin Spine Surg 2022; 35:24-30. [PMID: 33769971 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare 30-day postdischarge morbidity for 3-or-more level (multilevel) posterior lumbar fusion in patients who were discharged to home versus rehabilitation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Spine surgery has been increasingly performed in the elderly population, with many of these patients being discharged to rehabilitation and skilled nursing facilities. However, research evaluating the safety of nonhome discharge following spine surgery is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who underwent multilevel posterior lumbar fusion from 2005 to 2018 were identified using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Regression was utilized to compare primary outcomes between discharge disposition and to evaluate for predictors thereof. RESULTS We identified 5276 patients. Unadjusted analysis revealed that patients who were discharged to rehabilitation had greater postdischarge morbidity (5.6% vs. 2.6%). After adjusting for baseline differences, discharge to rehabilitation no longer predicted postdischarge morbidity [odds ratio (OR)=1.409, confidence interval: 0.918-2.161, P=0.117]. Multivariate analysis also revealed that age (P=0.026, OR=1.023), disseminated cancer (P=0.037, OR=6.699), and readmission (P<0.001, OR=28.889) independently predicted postdischarge morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Thirty days morbidity was statistically similar between patients who were discharged to home and rehabilitation. With appropriate patient selection, discharge to rehabilitation can potentially minimize 30-day postdischarge morbidity for more medically frail patients undergoing multilevel posterior lumbar fusion. These results are particularly important given an aging population, with a great portion of elderly patients who may benefit from postacute care facility discharge following spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, North Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University, New Hyde Park, NY
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Zhang Z, Qi D, Wang T, Wang Z, Wang Y. Spine-Pelvis-Hip Alignments in Degenerative Spinal Deformity Patients and Associated Procedure of One-Stage Long-Fusion with Multiple-Level PLIF or Apical-Vertebra Three Column Osteotomy-a Clinical and Radiographic Analysis Study. Orthop Surg 2021; 13:2008-2017. [PMID: 34541786 PMCID: PMC8528996 DOI: 10.1111/os.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the spine-pelvis-hip alignments in degenerative spinal deformity (DSD) patients, and compare the outcomes in the procedure of long-fusion with posterior lumbar inter-body fusion (PLIF) or single-level three-column osteotomy (STO) at lower lumbar level (LLL, L3 -S1 ) and thoracolumbar levels (TLL, T10 -L2 ) for those patients. METHODS This is a retrospective study. Following institutional ethics approval, a total of 83 patients (Female, 67; Male, 16) with DSD underwent long-fusion with PLIF or STO surgery between March 2015 and December 2017 were reviewed. All of those patients were assigned into LLL and TLL groups. The average age at surgery was 65.2 years (SD, 8.1). Demographic (age, gender, BMI, and comorbidities), radiographs (both coronal and sagittal parameters) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) assessments were documented. The radiographic parameters and HRQOL-related measurements at pre- and post-operation were compared with paired-samples t test, and those variables in the two groups were analyzed using an independent-sample t test. The relationships between pelvic incidence (PI) and other sagittal parameters were investigated with Pearson correlation analysis. The Pearson χ2 or Fisher's exact was carried out for comparison of gender, incidence of comorbidities and post-operative complications. RESULTS There were 53 and 30 patients in the LLL and TLL groups respectively. Those spino-pelvic radiographic parameters had significant improvements after surgeries (P < 0.001). The patients in the two group with different pre-operative thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK, P = 0.003), PI (P = 0.02), and mismatch of PI minus lumbar lordosis (PI-LL, P = 0.01) had comparable post-operative radiographic parameters except PI (P = 0.04) and pelvic-femur angle (PFA, P = 0.02). Comparing the changes of those spine-pelvic-hip data during surgeries, the corrections of TLK in TLL group were significant larger (P = 0.004). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were negative relationship between PI and TLK (r = -0.302, P = 0.005), positive relationship between PI and LL (r = 0.261, P = 0.016) at pre-operation. Those patients underwent the surgical procedure that long-segment instrumentation and fusion with STO would have higher incidence of complications involving longer operative timing (P = 0.018), more blood loss (P < 0.001), revision surgery (P = 0.008), and cerebrospinal fluid leakage (P = 0.001). All the HRQOL scores significantly improved at final follow-up (P < 0.001), with no difference of intra-group. CONCLUSION Patients suffered de-novo scoliosis or hyper-kyphosis with low PI would be vulnerable to significant thoracolumbar degeneration, and have more changes of spine-pelvis-hip data after long-fusion surgery, however, those with high PI would be closed to significant lumbar degeneration. Although spine-pelvis-hip alignments in DSD patients can be restored effectively after long-fusion with PLIF or STO, the incidence of complications in patients underwent STO was significant higher than that in patients performed multi-level PLIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐fang Zhang
- The Medical College of Nankai UniversityTianjinChina
- The Spine SurgeryThe First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Deng‐bin Qi
- The Spine SurgeryThe First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Tian‐hao Wang
- The Spine SurgeryThe First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Wang
- The Spine SurgeryThe First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yan Wang
- The Medical College of Nankai UniversityTianjinChina
- The Spine SurgeryThe First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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Zhang ZF, Qi DB, Wang TH, Wang CG, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zheng GQ. Association of Sagittal Spinopelvic Realignment with Correction in Lower Lumbar Lordosis after Surgical Treatment in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis. Orthop Surg 2021; 13:2034-2042. [PMID: 34559468 PMCID: PMC8528994 DOI: 10.1111/os.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect that correction of lower lumbar lordosis (3L) has on global spine realignment due to the key role of 3L for scoliosis surgery in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS). Methods This study is a retrospective review performed between June 2018 and January 2020, including consecutive patients with DLS. Only patients age ≥ 45 years who had already undergone a selective root block operation and had the procedure of long‐fusion extending to pelvis and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) at lower lumbar spine (L4‐S1) were retained for analysis. Spinopelvic parameters measured included thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), 3L, pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) at pre‐operation and the third month follow‐up. The mismatch (PI‐LL) was calculated subsequently. Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were performed to explore the association of the changes in global spinopelvic parameters with 3L correction. Results Thirty‐nine patients (five males, 34 females) with the average age of 63.84 years (SD 7.53; range, 45–75 years) at the time of surgery were identified. All patients had the surgical procedure of long‐fusion (≥4 vertebras) with PLIF at lower lumbar spine between L4 and S1 spine. Lower instrumented vertebras (LIV) fused to pelvis (S1, 14; S2, 18; ilium, 7) were operated in all patients. Seventeen patients were with upper instrumented vertebras (UIV) at thoracolumbar spine (L2‐T11), and 22 patients at thoracic spine (T10 and above). The median of instrumented segments was 10 (5–14). 3L significantly increased (P = 0.02) after surgical treatment by mean change of 4.21° (range, −19.7° to +22.2°). Perioperatively, all spinopelvic parameters regarding to TK, LL, SS, PT, TPA, SVA, and mismatch (PI‐LL) had significant changes (P < 0.001). The change in 3L correlated significantly with the changes in spinopelvic parameters (r = 0.772 for LL, −0.589 for SVA, −0.439 for TPA, and −0.428 for PI‐LL). After linear regression analysis, the formulas were obtained: d‐LL = 14.977 + 0.636 × d‐3L, (R2 = 0.596); d‐(PI‐LL) = 16.575 + 0.62 × d‐3L, (R2 = 0.183); d‐TPA = −7.284 to 0.358 × d‐3L, (R2 = 0.193); d‐SVA = −30.556–2.639 × d‐3L (R2 = 0.347). Conclusions Correction in lower lumbar lordosis, following the surgical procedure of long‐fusion with PLIF at lower lumbar spine, could result in significant changes in full‐spine parameters. The significant association of changes in each of global spine parameter with the correction of 3L perioperatively could provide important information for surgeons to make a surgical plan for spinal correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fang Zhang
- The Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,The Spine Surgery, The First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Deng-Bin Qi
- The Spine Surgery, The First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Hao Wang
- The Spine Surgery, The First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Guo Wang
- The Spine Surgery, The First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- The Spine Surgery, The First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- The Medical College of Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,The Spine Surgery, The First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Quan Zheng
- The Spine Surgery, The First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lucia K, Nulis S, Tkatschenko D, Kuckuck A, Vajkoczy P, Bayerl S. Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Reasonable Alternative Treatment in Patients With Symptomatic Adult Scoliosis for Whom Surgical Therapy Is Not Suitable? A Pilot Study. Neuromodulation 2021; 24:1370-1376. [PMID: 33560562 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In adult scoliosis, dorsal instrumentation and fusion can provide significant improvement of pain and disability scores (Owestry Index); however, complication rates of up to 39% have been reported. As such, recent attempts have been made at expanding the surgical spectrum to include less invasive techniques in patients such as neuromodulation, specifically spinal cord stimulation (SCS). We therefore aimed to evaluate its use in a larger cohort of adult scoliosis patients in the form of a pilot study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed prospectively collected data from 18 adult scoliosis patients receiving SCS treatment in our institution between February 2019 and May 2020. Clinical follow-up was performed at 3, 6, and 12 months following implantation of an epidural SCS System. Patients reported numeric rating scale (NRS) values for the categories of lower back pain (LBP) and regional pain (RP) both at rest and in motion. Further, SF-36, ADS-K, PSQI, and ODI forms were completed. The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee (EA2/093/13). RESULTS Initial preoperative NRS of LBP at rest was significantly reduced following SCS at three (45% reduction, p = 0.005) and six (43% reduction, p = 0.009) months follow-up. LBP in motion was also reduced at three (27% reduction, p = 0.002) and six (33% reduction vs. preoperative, p = 0.005) months. RP at rest was reduced at three (38% reduction, p = 0.003) and six (37% reduction, p = 0.007) and in movement at three (29% reduction, 0.006) and six (32% reduction, p = 0.011). Loss of thoracic kyphosis and increased pelvic incidence were associated with worse NRS response to SCS stimulation at six months follow-up. DISCUSSION In overweight, older adults for whom the risks of corrective surgery must be carefully considered, neuromodulation can significantly reduce LBP as well as regional pain in the first six months following implantation. These findings may provide a reasonable alternative in patients not willing or eligible to undergo extensive corrective surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Lucia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Nulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitri Tkatschenko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Kuckuck
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Bayerl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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