Lee DH, Lee HJ, Cho JH, Hwang CJ, Yang JJ, Lee CS, Park S. Foraminal Restenosis After Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for the Treatment of Cervical Radiculopathy.
Global Spine J 2023;
13:2357-2366. [PMID:
35323054 PMCID:
PMC10538319 DOI:
10.1177/21925682221083268]
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.
OBJECTIVES
To elucidate incidence, risk factor, and clinical effect of bone regrowth after posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF).
METHODS
Ninety-eight patients who underwent PCF for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and were followed up for >2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Foraminal dimension, sagittal gap at resected area, facet thickness, lamina length, and cervical range of motion (ROM) were measured. Neck pain visual analogue scale (VAS), arm pain VAS, and neck disability index (NDI) were recorded. Radiographic measures were compared between segments with foraminal narrowing of ≥20% at the 2-years follow-up (restenosis segments) and foraminal narrowing of <20% (patent segments).
RESULTS
Sixty-nine patients with 109 segments were included. 73.4% (80/109) of foramens demonstrated foraminal narrowing and decrease of foraminal dimension of ≥20% occurred in 30.3% (30/109). Foraminal dimension at postoperative 2-days was significantly higher in the restenosis segments (P = .047). Furthermore, increase of foraminal dimension was significantly associated with foraminal restenosis of ≥20% (P = .018). Facet thickness was significantly higher in the restenosis segments compared to patent segments at postoperative 2-years follow-up (P = .038). Neck pain VAS was significantly aggravated only in the restenosis group at postoperative 2-years follow-up (P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Foraminal narrowing commonly occurs after PCF due to bone healing. Bone growth occurs in all directions while medial facet growth contributes more to foraminal restenosis. Greater widening of foramen during PCF is a risk factor for postoperative foramen restenosis. Therefore, amount of bone resection should be kept optimal and excessive resection should be avoided to prevent foramen restenosis.
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