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Hill JA, Park SY, Gajurel K, Taplitz R. A Systematic Literature Review to Identify Diagnostic Gaps in Managing Immunocompromised Patients With Cancer and Suspected Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad616. [PMID: 38221981 PMCID: PMC10787371 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with cancer are increasingly vulnerable to infections, which may be more severe than in the general population. Improvements in rapid and timely diagnosis to optimize management are needed. We conducted a systematic literature review to determine the unmet need in diagnosing acute infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer and identified 50 eligible studies from 5188 records between 1 January 2012 and 23 June 2022. There was considerable heterogeneity in study designs and parameters, laboratory methods and definitions, and assessed outcomes, with limited evaluation of diagnostic impact on clinical outcomes. Culture remains the primary diagnostic strategy. Fewer studies employing molecular technologies exist, but emerging literature suggests that pathogen-agnostic molecular tests may add to the diagnostic armamentarium. Well-designed clinical studies using standardized methodologies are needed to better evaluate performance characteristics and clinical and economic impacts of emerging diagnostic techniques to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Hill
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah Y Park
- Medical Affairs, Karius, Inc, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Kiran Gajurel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Randy Taplitz
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
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Shehata NS, Elwakil BH, Elshewemi SS, Ghareeb DA, Olama ZA. Selenium nanoparticles coated bacterial polysaccharide with potent antimicrobial and anti-lung cancer activities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21871. [PMID: 38072846 PMCID: PMC10711019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides are homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polysaccharides with large molecular weights (10-1000 kDa). Exopolysaccharides' functional uses and potential have revolutionized the industrial and medicinal industries. Hence, the aim of the present study was to optimize the production of bacterial exopolysaccharide and apply it as a capping agent for selenium nanoparticles synthesis. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from dairy products then biochemically characterized and assessed for their potential antimicrobial effect. The most potent EPS producer was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain A2 with accession number OP218384 using 16S rRNA sequencing. Overall, FTIR data of the extracted EPS revealed similarity with amylopectin spectrum. 1H NMR spectrum revealed an α-anomeric configuration of the glycosidic linkage pattern in the polysaccharides while the 13C NMR spectrum can also be separated into two main portions, the anomeric carbons region (δ 98-102 ppm) and the non-anomeric carbons region (δ 60-81 ppm). Antimicrobial activity of the produced EPS showed maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans respectively. The EPS capsule layer surrounding the bacterial cells was detected by TEM study. Optimization of EPS production was evaluated using Taguchi design, trial 23 reported the highest biomass yield and EPS output (6.5 and 27.12 g/L respectively) with 2.4 and 3.3 folds increase (from the basal media) respectively. The optimized exopolysaccharide was used as a capping and stabilizing agent for selenium nanoparticles (EPS-SeNPs) synthesis. Zeta potential, size and PDI of the synthesized nanoparticles were - 19.7 mV, 45-65 nm and 0.446 respectively with strong bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the tested pathogens. Complete microbial growth eradication was recorded after 6, 8 and 10 h against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. EPS-SeNPs showed a potent antioxidant effect reached 97.4% and anticancer effect against A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 reached 5.324 µg/mL). EPS-SeNPs inhibited cancerous cell growth at S phase. Moreover, molecular studies revealed the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl2's was inhibited and Bax was activated. The present investigation successfully synthesized selenium nanoparticles through bacterial EPS with significantly high antimicrobial and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan S Shehata
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Bassma H Elwakil
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Salma S Elshewemi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Biological Screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Zakia A Olama
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Han WJ, He P. A novel tumor microenvironment-related gene signature with immune features for prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13137-13154. [PMID: 37479755 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is an aggressive subset of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the development of LUSC. We aim to identify potential therapeutic targets and a TME-related prognostic signature and for LUSC. METHODS TME-related genes were obtained from TCGA-LUSC dataset. LUSC samples were clustered by the non-negative matrix clustering algorithm (NMF). The prognostic signature was constructed through univariate Cox regression, multivariate Cox regression, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out to explore the enrichment pathways. RESULTS This study constructed a prognostic signature which contained 12 genes: HHIPL2, PLK4, SLC6A4, LSM1, TSLP, P4HA1, AMH, CLDN5, NRTN, CDH2, PTGIS, and STX1A. Patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the median risk score of this signature. Compared with low-risk group patients, patients in high-risk group patients had poorer overall survival, which demonstrated this signature was an independent prognostic factor. Besides, correlation analysis and GSEA results revealed that genes of this signature were correlated with immune cells and drug response. CONCLUSION Our novel signature based on 12 TME-related genes might be applied as an independent prognostic indicator. Importantly, the signature could be a promising biomarker and accurately predict the prognosis of LUSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Jia Han
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Sichuan Second Hospital of TCM, Chengdu, China.
| | - Pengzhi He
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Second Hospital of TCM, Chengdu, China
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Shen Y, Wang Y, Shi Q, Hou L, Chen X, Dong B, Hao Q. The Electronic Frailty Index is Associated with Increased Infection and All-Cause Mortality Among Older Patients with Primary Lung Cancer: A Cohort Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:1825-1833. [PMID: 34675497 PMCID: PMC8523305 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s335172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To assess whether the electronic frailty index (eFI) is independently associated with all-cause mortality and chemotherapy adverse reactions among older Chinese patients with lung cancer. Methods This is a retrospective, single-institution, chart review, and not a prospective cohort study. All patients ≥60 years with primary lung cancer in the West China Hospital from 2010 to 2017 were included in this cohort. The eFI was established using 35 frailty-related variables in the electronic medical record (EMR) system and was cut by a value of 0.2 to classify the patients into frail (eFI ≥0.2) and robust/non-frail groups (eFI<0.2). The long-term outcome was all-cause mortality identified by government databases and telephone interviews. Short-term outcomes were any infection, bone suppression, chemotherapy discontinuation, impaired liver function, any gastrointestinal reactions and length of hospitalization. An inverse probability weighting method was used to eliminate the potential confounders. An adjusted Kaplan–Meier estimator and a weighted Cox model were used to calculate the survival and hazard ratio. A weighted logistic model was used to calculate the odds of short-term outcomes. Results A total of 997 patients were included in this study with a median follow-up of 34 months. Compared with non-frail patients, frail patients had an increased risk of mortality and shortened overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] of mortality, 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.60; adjusted restricted mean survival time [aRMST] difference, −5.68 months; 95% CI, −10.15 to −1.21 months). For short-term outcomes, frail patients had increased odds of infection compared to non-frail patients (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.06). No other outcome showed a significant result. Conclusion This study of older Chinese patients with primary lung cancer suggests that eFI-based frail patients had worse prognoses with increased risk of all-cause mortality and shortened survival times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Shen
- Department of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Centre, MAGIC China Centre, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Department of Guideline and Rapid Recommendation, Cochrane China Centre, MAGIC China Centre, Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Hou
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics/National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Mei T, Yang X, Yu Y, Tian X, Deng Q, Xu Y, Zhou L, Zhou X, Liu Y, Zou B, Xue J, Quan M, Yan L, Lu Y, Gong Y. Secondary Infections After Diagnosis of Severe Radiation Pneumonitis (SRP) Among Patients With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Pathogen Distributions, Choice of Empirical Antibiotics, and the Value of Empirical Antifungal Treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 112:179-187. [PMID: 34418467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess pathogen distributions and antimicrobial sensitivity characteristics in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with severe radiation pneumonitis (SRP) and secondary infections. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data from 1746 patients with NSCLC and SRP after thoracic radiation therapy from January 2009 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Pneumonia incidence, causative pathogens, and antibiotic resistance characteristics in patients with secondary lung infections were analyzed. Risk factors associated with mortality were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses. Antifungal drug efficacy and duration-related effects were assessed with Forest plots and receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Overall, 44.5% of patients with NSCLC and SRP (777 of 1746 patients) were diagnosed with secondary lung infections. In total, 899 bacterial strains were isolated from these patients, with Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 206; 27%), Klebsiella pneumonia (n = 200; 26.2%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 104; 13.6%) being the most common. Carbapenems and cefoperazone-sulbactam resistance rates of 52.7% and 32.2%, 28.8% and 26.4%, and 23.7% and 20.2% were observed for these isolates, respectively. Infection-related deaths occurred in 22.4% of patients with SRP. Independent risk factors for infection-related death included poor performance status scores, inappropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment, bacteria/fungal coinfection, and lack of empirical antifungal treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the cutoff value of empirical antifungal treatment duration was 9 (area under the curve: 0.819). CONCLUSIONS For patients with SRP and secondary lung infections, appropriate empirical antimicrobial treatment could decrease infection-related mortality, and cefoperazone-sulbactam may be an appropriate antibacterial drug. Empirical antifungal treatment for a minimum of 9 days might contribute to better outcomes. Although this represents a promising treatment approach for patients with SRP and secondary lung infections before antibacterial susceptibility testing, further prospective validation is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Mei
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xuexi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Tian
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Jinniu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qianyue Deng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Bingwen Zou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Min Quan
- Department of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Libo Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Youling Gong
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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Nardone V, Giannicola R, Bianco G, Giannarelli D, Tini P, Pastina P, Falzea AC, Macheda S, Caraglia M, Luce A, Zappavigna S, Mutti L, Pirtoli L, Giordano A, Correale P. Inflammatory Markers and Procalcitonin Predict the Outcome of Metastatic Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer Patients Receiving PD-1/PD-L1 Immune-Checkpoint Blockade. Front Oncol 2021; 11:684110. [PMID: 34195086 PMCID: PMC8236817 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.684110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral-immune-checkpoint blockade (P-ICB) with mAbs to PD-1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) or PD-L1 (atezolizumab, durvalumab, avelumab) alone or combination with chemotherapy represents a novel active treatment for mNSCLC patients. However, this therapy can be associated to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and high cost. Therefore, finding reliable biomarkers of response and irAEs is strongly encouraged to accurately select patients who may potentially benefit from the immuno-oncological treatment. This is a retrospective multi-institutional analysis performed on ninety-five mNSCLC patients who received real-world salvage therapy with nivolumab or atezolizumab between December 2015 and April 2020. The outcome of these patients in term of PFS and OS was evaluated in comparison with different serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Erythrocyte Sedimention Rate (ESR) and Procalcitonin (PCT) by performing Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank test and multivariate analysis. We found that high baseline levels of CRP, ESR, and PCT were strongly predictive of poor outcome (P <0.05) with the worse prognosis detected in those patients with a baseline levels of both ESR and PCT over the pre-established cut off (median OS recorded in patients with no marker over the cut off vs. those with just one marker over the cut off vs. those with both markers over the cut off: 40 ± 59 vs. 15.5 ± 5.5 vs. 5.5 ± 1.6 months, respectively; P <0.0001). Our results suggest the predictive value of systemic inflammation and suggest a potential role of PCT in predicting a poor outcome in mNSCLC receiving PD-1/PD-L1 blocking mAbs. This finding also suggests a potential role of subclinical bacterial infections in defining the response to PD-1/PD-L1 blocking mAbs that deserves further and more specific investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Nardone
- Unit of Radiation Oncology, Ospedale del Mare, Naples, Italy
| | - Rocco Giannicola
- Medical Oncology Unit, Grand Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bianco
- Medical Oncology Unit, Grand Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Biostatistical Unit, National Cancer Institute "Regina Elena", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tini
- Section of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Pastina
- Section of Radiation Oncology, Medical School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonia Consuelo Falzea
- Medical Oncology Unit, Grand Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Macheda
- Unit of Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Laboratory of Precision and Molecular Oncology, Institute of Genetic Research, Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Amalia Luce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Zappavigna
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luigi Pirtoli
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Correale
- Medical Oncology Unit, Grand Metropolitan Hospital "Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli", Reggio Calabria, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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