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Wang P, Chen Y, Long Q, Li Q, Tian J, Liu T, Wu Y, Ding Z. Increased coexpression of PD-L1 and TIM3/TIGIT is associated with poor overall survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002836. [PMID: 34625514 PMCID: PMC8504357 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint (IC) blockades (ICBs) significantly improve patients’ clinical outcomes with solid tumors. Because the objective response rate of single-agent ICB is limited, it is meaningful to explore the combination of ICs for immunotherapy. Methods RNA sequencing data of 95 newly diagnosed patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used to explore the prognostic significance of ICs. The results were validated by immunohistochemistry of 58 ESCC tissue samples from our clinical center. Results The results of both TCGA and validation data suggested that high expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing-3 (TIM3), and T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT) was associated with poor overall survival (OS) of patients with ESCC. Importantly, PD-L1/TIM3 or PD-L1/TIGIT was the optimal combination for predicting poor OS and short restricted mean survival time of patients with ESCC and was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, a nomogram model constructed by PD-L1, TIM3, and TIGIT together with the primary tumor, regional lymph node, distant metastasis stage could provide a concise and precise prediction of 1-year and 2-year OS rates and median survival time. PD-L1/TIM3 or PD-L1/TIGIT had a positive correlation with CD8+ T cells. Notably, PD-1 and TIM3/TIGIT were primarily coexpressed on CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte in patients with ESCC by multiplexed immunofluorescence. Conclusion High expression of ICs was associated with poor OS of patients with ESCC. PD-L1/TIM3 and PD-L1/TIGIT were the optimal combinations for predicting OS, which might be potential targets for future ICBs therapy of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueyun Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingqin Long
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangfang Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Robinson K, Zerfoss C, Nicholas J, Rolfs J. Brain metastasis in a patient with multiple malignancies. JAAPA 2021; 34:28-31. [PMID: 33470718 DOI: 10.1097/01.jaa.0000731496.45248.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Brain metastases originate from other primary cancers within the body, most commonly lung, breast, and melanoma. Because patients with brain metastasis, stroke, or intracranial hemorrhage may present with similar acute neurologic symptoms, clinicians must have a high suspicion for brain metastasis and perform an immediate workup to rule out life-threatening conditions. This case report focuses on the clinical symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment options for brain metastasis in a patient with multiple malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevlin Robinson
- At the time this article was written, Kevlin Robinson was a student in the PA program at the University of Lynchburg in Lynchburg, Va. Cindy Zerfoss is an acute care NP in the department of neuroscience-neurosurgery at Centra in Lynchburg, Va. Joyce Nicholas is director of evaluation, assessment, and compliance and a professor in the PA program at the University of Lynchburg. Jenna Rolfs is program director and an assistant professor in the PA program at the University of Lynchburg and practices at the Free Clinic of Central Virginia. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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Okadome K, Baba Y, Nomoto D, Yagi T, Kalikawe R, Harada K, Hiyoshi Y, Nagai Y, Ishimoto T, Iwatsuki M, Iwagami S, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida N, Watanabe M, Komohara Y, Shono T, Sasaki Y, Baba H. Prognostic and clinical impact of PD-L2 and PD-L1 expression in a cohort of 437 oesophageal cancers. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1535-1543. [PMID: 32210369 PMCID: PMC7217865 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays critical roles in tumour immunology, and serves as an immune-based therapeutic target. Less is known regarding PD-L2, another ligand of PD-1, and its relation to clinical outcome in human cancers. METHODS We used a database of 437 surgically and 100 endoscopically resected oesophageal cancers (squamous cell carcinoma, n = 483; adenocarcinoma, n = 36; others, n = 18) to evaluate PD-L2 and PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with PD-L2-negative cases (n = 366, 83.8%), PD-L2-positive cases (n = 71, 16.2%) had worse overall survival (P = 0.011, log-rank test). There was not a significant correlation between PD-L2 and PD-L1 expression. Multiplex immunofluorescence revealed that there was variability in the expression pattern of PD-L2 and PD-L1. In early-stage tumours, PD-L2 expression was more frequently observed compared with PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS PD-L2 as well as PD-L1 were associated with an unfavourable prognosis in oesophageal cancer, supporting the role of PD-L2 as a prognostic biomarker. Considering that PD-L2 and PD-L1 had different features in terms of expression timing and responses to chemotherapeutic drugs, evaluation of both PD-L2 and PD-L1 expression may be clinically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okadome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daichi Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Taisuke Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Rebecca Kalikawe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuto Harada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yohei Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masayuki Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takashi Shono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Zhao Q, Yu J, Meng X. A good start of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:4519-4526. [PMID: 31231980 PMCID: PMC6712478 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the benefits of immunotherapy in advanced melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancers, and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma, we begin to consider whether immunotherapy is effective for esophageal cancer, which is extremely malignant and has a poor prognosis. There are a large number of clinical trials to study the application of immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, peptide vaccine, adoptive T cell transfer and oncolytic virus in esophageal cancer. Some already have preliminary results and show the advantages of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer, while others are still in progress. This review aims to introduce the feasibility and current status of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Cheeloo College of MedicineShanDong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation OncologyShandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
| | - Xue Meng
- Cheeloo College of MedicineShanDong UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Radiation OncologyShandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanChina
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Chen YT, Xie JY, Sun Q, Mo WJ. Novel drug candidates for treating esophageal carcinoma: A study on differentially expressed genes, using connectivity mapping and molecular docking. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:152-166. [PMID: 30387840 PMCID: PMC6254996 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) have a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Although standard therapies have had effect, there is an urgent requirement to develop novel options, as increasing drug tolerance has been identified in clinical practice. In the present study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ESCA were identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. Functional and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed. The Connectivity Map (CMAP) was selected to predict drugs for the treatment of ESCA, and their target genes were acquired from the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH) by uploading the Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System structure. Additionally, significant target genes and ESCA-associated hub genes were extracted using another PPI analysis, and the corresponding drugs were added to construct a network. Furthermore, the binding affinity between predicted drug candidates and ESCA-associated hub genes was calculated using molecular docking. Finally, 827 DEGs (|log2 fold-change|≥2; q-value <0.05), which are principally involved in protein digestion and absorption (P<0.005), the plasminogen-activating cascade (P<0.01), as well as the ‘biological regulation’ of the Biological Process, ‘membrane’ of the Cellular Component and ‘protein binding’ of the Molecular Function categories, were obtained. Additionally, 11 hub genes were obtained from the PPI network (all degrees ≥30). Furthermore, the 15 first screen drugs were extracted from CMAP (score <−0.85) and the 9 second screen drugs with 70 target genes were extracted from STITCH. Furthermore, another PPI analysis extracted 51 genes, and apigenin, baclofen, Prestwick-685, menadione, butyl hydroxybenzoate, gliclazide and valproate were selected as drug candidates for ESCA. Those molecular docking results with a docking score of >5.52 indicated the significance of apigenin, Prestwick-685 and menadione. The results of the present study may lead to novel drug candidates for ESCA, among which Prestwick-685 and menadione were identified to be significant new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Xie
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jia Mo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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