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Liu TY, Hao Y, Mao Q, Zhou N, Liu MH, Wu J, Wang Y, Yang MR. Tanreqing Injection Inhibits Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Macrophages Infected with Influenza A Virus by Promoting Mitophagy. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3905-3. [PMID: 38910190 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3905-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of Tanreqing Injection (TRQ) on the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages infected with influenza A virus and the underlying mechanism based on mitophagy pathway. METHODS The inflammatory model of murine macrophage J774A.1 induced by influenza A virus [strain A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1), PR8] was constructed and treated by TRQ, while the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO and autophagy specific inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were used as controls to intensively study the anti-inflammatory mechanism of TRQ based on mitophagy-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS)-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. The levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3II) and P62 proteins were measured by Western blot. The release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, the mtROS level was detected by flow cytometry, and the immunofluorescence and co-localization of LC3 and mitochondria were observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Similar to the effect of Mito-TEMPO and contrary to the results of 3-MA treatment, TRQ could significantly reduce the expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1 p20, and autophagy adaptor P62, promote the expression of autophagy marker LC3II, enhance the mitochondrial fluorescence intensity, and inhibit the release of mtROS and IL-1β (all P<0.01). Moreover, LC3 was co-localized with mitochondria, confirming the type of mitophagy. CONCLUSION TRQ could reduce the level of mtROS by promoting mitophagy in macrophages infected with influenza A virus, thus inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of IL-1β, and attenuating the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qin Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Meng-Hua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ming-Rui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Pei Y, Lin C, Li H, Feng Z. Genetic background influences pig responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1289570. [PMID: 37929286 PMCID: PMC10623566 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1289570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly infectious and economically significant virus that causes respiratory and reproductive diseases in pigs. It results in reduced productivity and increased mortality in pigs, causing substantial economic losses in the industry. Understanding the factors affecting pig responses to PRRSV is crucial to develop effective control strategies. Genetic background has emerged as a significant determinant of susceptibility and resistance to PRRSV in pigs. This review provides an overview of the basic infection process of PRRSV in pigs, associated symptoms, underlying immune mechanisms, and roles of noncoding RNA and alternative splicing in PRRSV infection. Moreover, it emphasized breed-specific variations in these aspects that may have implications for individual treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangli Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Chenghong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zheng Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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Lee JH, Kim YS, Leem KH. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Limits TLR-4-Triggered Inflammatory Response in Raw264.7 Macrophages by Activating RasGRP3. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13777. [PMID: 37762079 PMCID: PMC10530606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important immune response to pathogen invasion, but excessive inflammation leads to tissue injury and even cytokine storm. Therefore, proper response is needed depending on the intensity of the infection. Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein 3 (RasGRP3) is a regulator of the TLR-mediated response. In low-intensity inflammation, it negatively regulates production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, the peel of Citrus reticulata Blanco, is a major medicinal herb in Korean medicine. The present study aims to investigate whether the Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium extract (CRE) has immunomodulatory activity using the Raw264.7 macrophage. Also, we investigated the effect of CRE on RasGRP3 expression. In the present study, CRE reduced IL-6 production in the low-LPS environment (1 ng/mL) and did not in the high-LPS environment (100 ng/mL). The suppression of IL-6 production in the low-LPS environment (1 ng/mL) was abolished after the pretreatment of RasGRP3 siRNA. The reduced RasGRP3 protein content by 100 ng/mL LPS treatment was increased by CRE treatment. Additionally, nobiletin, a major component of CRE showed a suppressive effect on IL-6 production in the low-LPS environment (1 ng/mL). The present results suggest that CRE alleviates inflammatory response via activating RasGRP3 expression in low-intensity inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon-Suk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Hyun Leem
- College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon 27126, Republic of Korea
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Yang L, Zhang Y, Yi W, Dong X, Niu M, Song Y, Han Y, Li H, Sun Y. A rapid and efficient platform for antiviral crRNA screening using CRISPR-Cas13a-based nucleic acid detection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116230. [PMID: 37228594 PMCID: PMC10203571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rapid and high-throughput screening of antiviral clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) RNAs (crRNAs) is urgently required for the CRISPR-Cas13a antiviral system. Based on the same principle, we established an efficient screening platform for antiviral crRNA through CRISPR-Cas13a nucleic acid detection. Method In this study, crRNAs targeting PA, PB1, NP, and PB2 of the influenza A virus (H1N1) were screened using CRISPR-Cas13a nucleic acid detection, and their antiviral effects were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The RNA secondary structures were predicted by bioinformatics methods. Results The results showed that crRNAs screened by CRISPR-Cas13a nucleic acid detection could effectively inhibit viral RNA in mammalian cells. Besides, we found that this platform for antiviral crRNA screening was more accurate than RNA secondary structure prediction. In addition, we validated the feasibility of the platform by screening crRNAs targeting NS of the influenza A virus (H1N1). Discussion This study provides a new approach for screening antiviral crRNAs and contributes to the rapid advancement of the CRISPR-Cas13a antiviral system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosafety, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Youcui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosafety, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, China
| | - Wenyanbo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosafety, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosafety, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosafety, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosafety, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosafety, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosafety, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosafety, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Gao Y, Liang Z, Lv N, Shan J, Zhou H, Zhang J, Shi L. Exploring the total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot against IAV-induced lung inflammation by network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:36. [PMID: 35123452 PMCID: PMC8817495 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medicus (AM) is a medicinal plant with various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and immunomodulatory. Previous studies have identified total flavones as the primary bioactive ingredient of AM (termed TFA). However, its role and mechanism in counteracting Influenza A virus (IAV) infection are yet to be explored. Therefore, the study aims to study the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of TFA on IAV in vitro and in vivo. Methods A network pharmacology-based approach was applied to identify the antiviral mechanism of TFA against IAV. For the mechanism validation, the cytopathic effect reduction assay evaluated the antiviral activity of TFA in vitro. Meanwhile, the mice were intranasally infected with IAV to induce lung infection. The antiviral effect of TFA was observed in vivo. Further investigation whether the reprogramming microbiome in the TFA treatment group affected antiviral, we conducted a microbial-transfer study with co-housing experiments. Results By applying the network pharmacology-based methods (PPI, GO, and KEGG), we identified 167 potential targets of TFA action, among which 62 targets were related to IAV pathogenesis. A core network containing the pro-inflammatory TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, MAPKs, and RIG-I receptor signaling pathway was further confirmed as the crucial targets for anti-influenza efficacy of TFA. We demonstrate that TFA provided profound protection against pulmonary IAV infection, which alleviated inflammatory responses, decreased MAPK signaling pathway and expedited viral eradiation. Conclusions Our study unveils a pivotal role for TFA in controlling viral infection and dampening pathology, making it a promising strategy for treating IAV-induced pneumonia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03509-0.
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Hai P, Rao K, Jiang N, Liu D, Wang R, Gao Y, Liu X, Deng S, Zhou Y, Chen X, Li X, Li R. Structure elucidation, biogenesis, and bioactivities of acylphloroglucinol-derived meroterpenoid enantiomers from Dryopteris crassirhizoma. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105567. [PMID: 34971945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four racemic acylphloroglucinol meroterpenoids including eighteen unusual stuctures (3 ∼ 10, 13, 14, and 17 ∼ 24), and a major component filixic acid ABA (25), were isolated from Dryopteris crassirhizoma. Structurally, the dimeric acylphloroglucinol derivatives possess unprecedented skeletons of mixed acylphloroglucinol and sesquiterpene biosynthetic origin. The stereochemistries of six reported meroterpenoids with undefined chiral centers were reassigned. Two intriguing methods by analyzing a) the regularity of chemical shift variation of protons and carbons around the stereogenic centers, and b) pyridine-induced deshielding effect of hydroxy groups, to discriminate relative configurations of flexible long-chain alcohol with chiral centers separated by three or seven covalent bonds, were successfully applied. A non-enzymatic biosynthesis of 1 ∼ 24 was assumed based on a rare single-crystal cluster formed with two diastereomeric enantiomer pairs (±1/±2) and chiral HPLC analyses. Meroterpenoids 13 and 14 showed obvious inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7, and suppressed the expression of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-18. Their anti-inflammatory activity was closely related to the inhibition of the formation and function of inflammasomes. Additionally, the known 25 showed antiviral efficacy against the influenza viruse A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Kairui Rao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xiaocong Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sihao Deng
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xuanqin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Menezes JCJMDS, Campos VR. Natural biflavonoids as potential therapeutic agents against microbial diseases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:145168. [PMID: 33493916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbes broadly constitute several organisms like viruses, protozoa, bacteria, and fungi present in our biosphere. Fast-paced environmental changes have influenced contact of human populations with newly identified microbes resulting in diseases that can spread quickly. These microbes can cause infections like HIV, SARS-CoV2, malaria, nosocomial Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), or Candida infection for which there are no available vaccines/drugs or are less efficient to prevent or treat these infections. In the pursuit to find potential safe agents for therapy of microbial infections, natural biflavonoids like amentoflavone, tetrahydroamentoflavone, ginkgetin, bilobetin, morelloflavone, agathisflavone, hinokiflavone, Garcinia biflavones 1 (GB1), Garcinia biflavones 2 (GB2), robustaflavone, strychnobiflavone, ochnaflavone, dulcisbiflavonoid C, tetramethoxy-6,6″-bigenkwanin and other derivatives isolated from several species of plants can provide effective starting points and become a source of future drugs. These biflavonoids show activity against influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), dengue, HIV-AIDS, coxsackieviral, hepatitis, HSV, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), protozoal (Leishmaniasis, Malaria) infections, bacterial and fungal infections. Some of the biflavonoids can provide antiviral and protozoal activity by inhibition of neuraminidase, chymotrypsin-like protease, DV-NS5 RNA dependant RNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase (RT), fatty acid synthase, DNA polymerase, UL54 gene expression, Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation, recombinant cysteine protease type 2.8 (r-CPB2.8), Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase or cause depolarization of parasitic mitochondrial membranes. They may also provide anti-inflammatory therapeutic activity against the infection-induced cytokine storm. Considering the varied bioactivity of these biflavonoids against these organisms, their structure-activity relationships are derived and wherever possible compared with monoflavones. Overall, this review aims to highlight these natural biflavonoids and briefly discuss their sources, reported mechanism of action, pharmacological uses, and comment on resistance mechanism, flavopiridol repurposing and the bioavailability aspects to provide a starting point for anti-microbial research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C J M D S Menezes
- Section of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan.
| | - Vinícius R Campos
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Campus do Valonguinho, 24020-141 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Bai Y, Tao X. Comparison of COVID-19 and influenza characteristics. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:87-98. [PMID: 33615750 PMCID: PMC7885750 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) not only poses a serious threat to the health of people worldwide but also affects the global economy. The outbreak of COVID-19 began in December 2019, at the same time as the influenza season. However, as the treatments and prognoses of COVID-19 and influenza are different, it is important to accurately differentiate these two different respiratory tract infections on the basis of their respective early-stage characteristics. We reviewed official documents and news released by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), the United States CDC, and the World Health Organization (WHO), and we also searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica database (Embase), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, preprinted bioRxiv and medRxiv databases for documents and guidelines from earliest available date up until October 3rd, 2020. We obtained the latest information about COVID-19 and influenza and summarized and compared their biological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathological mechanisms, treatments, and prognostic factors. We show that although COVID-19 and influenza are different in many ways, there are numerous similarities; thus, in addition to using nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody-based approaches, clinicians and epidemiologists should distinguish between the two using their respective characteristics in early stages. We should utilize experiences from other epidemics to provide additional guidance for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaonan Tao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Shoji M, Sugimoto M, Matsuno K, Fujita Y, Mii T, Ayaki S, Takeuchi M, Yamaji S, Tanaka N, Takahashi E, Noda T, Kido H, Tokuyama T, Tokuyama T, Tokuyama T, Kuzuhara T. A novel aqueous extract from rice fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses an anti-influenza A virus activity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244885. [PMID: 33449947 PMCID: PMC7810313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human influenza virus infections occur annually worldwide and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hence, development of novel anti-influenza drugs is urgently required. Rice Power® extract developed by the Yushin Brewer Co. Ltd. is a novel aqueous extract of rice obtained via saccharization and fermentation with various microorganisms, such as Aspergillus oryzae, yeast [such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae], and lactic acid bacteria, possessing various biological and pharmacological properties. In our previous experimental screening with thirty types of Rice Power® extracts, we observed that the 30th Rice Power® (Y30) extract promoted the survival of influenza A virus-infected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Therefore, to identify compounds for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs, we aimed to investigate whether the Y30 extract exhibits anti-influenza A virus activity. In the present study, we demonstrated that the Y30 extract strongly promoted the survival of influenza A H1N1 Puerto Rico 8/34 (A/PR/8/34), California 7/09, or H3N2 Aichi 2/68 (A/Aichi/2/68) viruses-infected MDCK cells and inhibited A/PR/8/34 or A/Aichi/2/68 viruses infection and growth in the co-treatment and pre-infection experiments. The pre-treatment of Y30 extract on MDCK cells did not induce anti-influenza activity in the cell. The Y30 extract did not significantly affect influenza A virus hemagglutination, and neuraminidase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities. Interestingly, the electron microscopy experiment revealed that the Y30 extract disrupts the integrity of influenza A virus particles by permeabilizing the viral membrane envelope, suggesting that Y30 extract has a direct virucidal effect against influenza A virus. Furthermore, we observed that compared to the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract, the water extract of Y30 extract considerably promoted the survival of cells infected with A/PR/8/34 virus. These results indicated that more anti-influenza components were present in the water extract of Y30 extract than in the EtOAc extract. Our results highlight the potential of a rice extract fermented with A. oryzae and S. cerevisiae as an anti-influenza medicine and a drug source for the development of anti-influenza compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shoji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail: (MS); (TK)
| | - Minami Sugimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuno
- Yushin Brewer Co. Ltd., Ono, Ayagawa-cho, Ayauta-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Fujita
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mii
- Yushin Brewer Co. Ltd., Ono, Ayagawa-cho, Ayauta-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satomi Ayaki
- Yushin Brewer Co. Ltd., Ono, Ayagawa-cho, Ayauta-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Misa Takeuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Saki Yamaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Narue Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Etsuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Pathology and Metabolome Research for Infectious Disease and Host Defense, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- Division of Pathology and Metabolome Research for Infectious Disease and Host Defense, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takaaki Tokuyama
- Yushin Brewer Co. Ltd., Ono, Ayagawa-cho, Ayauta-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Tokuyama
- Yushin Brewer Co. Ltd., Ono, Ayagawa-cho, Ayauta-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail: (MS); (TK)
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Lin PR, Kuo PC, Li YC, Jhuo CF, Hsu WL, Tzen JTC. Theacrine and strictinin, two major ingredients for the anti-influenza activity of Yunnan Kucha tea. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113190. [PMID: 32730889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kucha tea plant (Camellia assamica var. kucha Chang et Wang) is regarded as a mutant variety of wild Pu'er tea plant found in few mountain areas of Yunnan, China. Its fresh young leaves and shoots are picked by the indigenous aborigines in these local areas to prepare an herbal tea for the treatment of common cold empirically. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two extra compounds of relative abundance were detected in Kucha tea in comparison with Pu'er tea, and their chemical structures were identified as chlorogenic acid and theacrine. These two compounds as well as two major compounds, strictinin and caffeine, in Kucha tea were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on human influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/34 by analyzing viral protein expression and progeny production. RESULTS No or low cytotoxicity was detected for the four Kucha compounds when their concentrations were below 100 μM. Expression of viral NS1 protein was significantly inhibited by chlorogenic acid, theacrine or strictinin, but not caffeine at a concentration of 100 μM. The relative inhibitory potency was detected as chlorogenic acid < theacrine < strictinin, and both theacrine and strictinin displayed significant inhibition at a concentration of 50 μM. According to a plaque assay, viral progeny production was significantly reduced by theacrine or strictinin, but not by chlorogenic acid or caffeine under the same concentration of 100 μM. CONCLUSION It is suggested that theacrine and strictinin are two major ingredients responsible for the anti-influenza activity of Yunnan Kucha tea traditionally used for the treatment of common cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Rong Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Chiun Li
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Cian-Fen Jhuo
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
| | - Jason T C Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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Biondo C, Lentini G, Beninati C, Teti G. The dual role of innate immunity during influenza. Biomed J 2019; 42:8-18. [PMID: 30987709 PMCID: PMC6468094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the distinguishing features of the 1918 pandemic is the occurrence of massive, potentially detrimental, activation of the innate immune system in critically ill patients. Whether this reflects an intrinsic capacity of the virus to induce an exaggerated inflammatory responses or its remarkable ability to reproduce in vivo is still open to debate. Tremendous progress has recently been made in our understanding of innate immune responses to influenza infection and it is now time to translate this knowledge into therapeutic strategies, particularly in view of the possible occurrence of future outbreaks caused by virulent strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Biondo
- Metchnikoff Laboratory, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Germana Lentini
- Metchnikoff Laboratory, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Teti
- Metchnikoff Laboratory, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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