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Detection of Changes in CEA and ProGRP Levels in BALF of Patients with Peripheral Lung Cancer and the Relationship with CT Signs. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2023; 2023:1421709. [PMID: 36851977 PMCID: PMC9966566 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1421709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between the detection of changes in the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and CT signs in patients with peripheral lung cancer. Methods Retrospective analysis of 108 patients with perihilar lung cancer who attended our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022, 54 cases were randomly selected as the observation group and 50 cases as the control group. Patients in both groups received CT examination and BALF test at the same time to observe and compare the differences in serum levels, the relationship between CT signs and serum indices, and the diagnostic value of peripheral lung cancer between the two groups. Results The serum levels of ProGrp, CEA, CA211, and NSE in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The morphology, density, mass enhancement pattern, bronchial morphology, obstructive signs, and lymph node fusion of CT signs were compared between the observation group and the control group, indicating that CT signs were more helpful for the localization, diagnosis, and staging of lung cancer. The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC value of low-dose CT combined with serum ProGrp, CEA, CA211, and NSE was 0.892, sensitivity was 96.21%, and specificity of 90.05%, which were significantly higher than those of the single tests, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 84.41% and the negative likelihood ratio was 87.11%. Conclusion The combination of CT signs and serum tumour markers helps to improve the detection rate, sensitivity, and specificity of lung cancer, which has a high diagnostic rate for lung cancer and may provide evidence for the early diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Li H, Wang S, Li X, Cheng C, Shen X, Wang T. Dual-Channel Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarkers CA15-3 and CEA in Human Serum Using Dialysis-Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistor. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6289-6299. [PMID: 36536938 PMCID: PMC9758920 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s391234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumors and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. The early diagnosis and treatment of BC are effective measures that can increase survival rates and reduce mortality. Carbohydrate antigens 15-3 (CA15-3) and carcinoma embryonic antigens (CEA) have been regarded as the most two valuable tumor markers of BC. The combined detection of CA15-3 and CEA could improve the sensitivity and accuracy of early diagnosis for BC. METHODS The multi-channel double-gate silicon nanowire field effect transistor (SiNW-FET) biosensors were fabricated by using the top-down semiconductor manufacturing technology. By surface modification of the different SiNW surfaces with monoclonal CA15-3 and CEA antibodies separately, the prepared SiNW-FET was processed into biosensor for dual-channel detection of CA15-3 and CEA. RESULTS The prepared SiNW-FET biosensors were proved to have high sensitivity and specificity for the dual-channel detection of CA15-3 and CEA, and the detection limit is as low as 0.1U/mL CA15-3 and 0.01 ng/mL CEA. Moreover, the SiNW-FET biosensors were able to detect CA15-3 and CEA in serum by connecting a miniature hemodialyzer. CONCLUSION The present study reported a SiNW-FET biosensor for dual-channel detection of breast cancer biomarkers CA15-3 and CEA in serum, which has potential clinical application value for the early diagnosis and curative effect observation of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiping Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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Nieder C, Andratschke NH, Grosu AL. Personalized treatment of brain metastases: Evolving survival prediction models may benefit from evaluation of serum tumor markers (narrative review). Front Oncol 2022; 12:1081558. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of a limited number of brain metastases (oligometastases) might include complex and sometimes invasive approaches, e.g. neurosurgical resection followed by post-operative stereotactic radiotherapy, and thus, correct identification of patients who are appropriate candidates is crucial. Both, staging procedures that visualize the true number of metastastic lesions and prognostic assessments that identify patients with limited survival, who should be managed with less complex, palliative approaches, are necessary before proceeding with local treatment that aims at eradication of all oligometastases. Some of the prognostic models, e.g. the LabBM score (laboratory parameters in patients with brain metastases), include blood biomarkers believed to represent surrogate markers of disease extent. In a recent study, patients with oligometastases and a LabBM score of 0 (no abnormal biomarkers) had an actuarial 5-year survival rate of 27% after neurosurgical resection and 39% after stereotactic radiotherapy. Other studies have tied serum tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) to survival outcomes. Even if head-to-head comparisons and large-scale definitive analyses are lacking, the available data suggest that attempts to integrate tumor marker levels in blood biomarker-based survival prediction models are warranted.
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Fukuta K, Shiozaki K, Nakanishi R, Izaki H, Kudo E, Fukawa T, Yamaguchi K, Yamamoto Y, Takahashi M, Kanayama H. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in small cell carcinoma of the prostate. IJU Case Rep 2022; 5:493-496. [PMID: 36341201 PMCID: PMC9626315 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in small cell carcinoma of the prostate is rare. Case presentation A 69‐year‐old man visited our hospital due to dysuria and edema. Bilateral hydronephrosis and lymph node metastases due to a pelvic tumor were observed. Although the prostate‐specific antigen level was normal, the tumor was suspected to originate from the prostate. He underwent percutaneous nephrostomy and prostate biopsy. Histopathology revealed small cell carcinoma accompanied by increased pro‐gastrin‐releasing peptide and neuron‐specific enolase levels. After receiving systemic chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide and radiation therapy for prostate, these lesions gradually decreased in size, and tumor markers normalized. Ten months after the initial diagnosis, he developed consciousness disorder and seizure. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis without any other recurrences and elevated tumor markers. He died 4 weeks after these symptoms appeared. Conclusion Careful monitoring of the central nervous system should be considered in small cell carcinoma of the prostate patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyotaro Fukuta
- Department of Urology Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital Tokushima Japan
| | - Keito Shiozaki
- Department of Urology Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital Tokushima Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nakanishi
- Department of Urology Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital Tokushima Japan
| | - Hirofumi Izaki
- Department of Urology Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital Tokushima Japan
| | - Eiji Kudo
- Department of Pathology Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital Tokushima Japan
| | - Tomoya Fukawa
- Department of Urology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Kunihisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Urology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Yasuyo Yamamoto
- Department of Urology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Masayuki Takahashi
- Department of Urology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
| | - Hiro‐omi Kanayama
- Department of Urology Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima Japan
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Liu Y, He X, Zou J, Ouyang X, Huang C, Yang X, Wang Y. Detection of Carbohydrate Antigen 50 Based on a Novel Miniaturized Chemiluminescence Analyzer Enables Large-Scale Cancer Early Screening in Grassroots Community. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:920972. [PMID: 35875488 PMCID: PMC9302941 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.920972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early screening of cancer can effectively prolong survival time and reduce cancer mortality. However, the existing health-monitoring devices can only be carried out in professional laboratories, so large-scale early cancer screening in resource-limited settings is hardly achieved. To embrace the challenge, we developed a novel chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) analyzer that does not require a professional operation. Then, it was applied to detect carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50), a non–organ-specific tumor marker for screening various cancers. As a result, the analyzer exhibited excellent performance that the total assay time was only 15 min, and the detection limit reached 0.057 U ml−1. A coefficient of variance (CV) less than 15% was well-controlled for both intra- and inter-assay precision, and the linear range was 0–500 U ml−1. More importantly, this analyzer can continuously detect 60 samples per hour without any professional paramedic. Finally, this analyzer has been applied to evaluate clinical samples and the detected results showed a good correlation with the clinical test results (correlation coefficient, 0.9958). These characteristics exactly meet large-scale and high-throughput early screening of cancer. Thus, this miniaturized analyzer for CA50 detection is promising to achieve early large-scale screening of cancer in the resource-limited grassroots community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zou
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyun Ouyang
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunrong Huang
- National & Local United Engineering Lab of Rapid Diagnostic Test, Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Wang,
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Mollica L, Leli C, Puglisi S, Sardi S, Sottotetti F. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and breast cancer: a systematic review of current evidence on diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Drugs Context 2021; 10:dic-2021-6-6. [PMID: 34745272 PMCID: PMC8552906 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2021-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) is a rare but challenging manifestation of advanced breast cancer with a severe impact on morbidity and mortality. We performed a systematic review of the evidence published over the last two decades, focusing on recent advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic options of LC. Lobular histology and a triple-negative intrinsic subtype are well-known risk factors for LC. Clinical manifestations are diverse and often aspecific. There is no gold standard for LC diagnosis: MRI and cerebrospinal fluid cytology are the most frequently used modalities despite the low accuracy. Current standard of care involves a multimodal strategy including systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy in combination with brain radiotherapy. Intrathecal chemotherapy has been widely used through the years despite the lack of data from randomized controlled trials and conflicting evidence on patient outcomes. No specific chemotherapeutic agent has shown superiority over others for both intrathecal and systemic treatment. Although endocrine therapy was heuristically considered unable to exert significant control on central nervous system metastatic disease, retrospective data suggest a favourable toxicity profile and even a possible positive impact on survival. In recent years, encouraging data on the use of targeted agents has emerged but further research in this field is required. Palliative treatment in the form of whole brain or stereotactic radiotherapy is associated with improvement in clinical manifestations and quality of life, with no proven impact on survival. The most investigated prognostic factors include performance status, non-triple-negative disease and multimodal treatment. Validation of prognostic scores is necessary to aid clinicians in the identification of patient subgroups that are most likely to benefit from an intensive therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Leli
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Puglisi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Sardi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Federico Sottotetti
- Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Song S, Chang D, Li H, Liu C, Li H, Cui Y. Application of optic neuro-ophthalmology imaging in latent meningeal metastases of lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:2614-2617. [PMID: 34505347 PMCID: PMC8487808 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent intracranial meningeal metastases (IMM) of lung cancer is difficult to determine, yet it is critical to do so given that it impacts the treatment agent. Studies on this disease are rare, thus necessitating further investigation. As a case study, we will explore the application of optic neuroimaging in IMM. A 62-year-old female patient was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma, which had progressed to osseous metastasis. During the course of chemotherapy, the patient had bilateral vision loss and paralysis of extraocular muscles. Ophthalmologists ruled out disease of the retina and suspected intracranial metastasis; however, brain-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and magnetic resonance venography were normal. Given the patient's severe osteoarthropathy and poor physical condition, she refused to undergo a lumbar puncture examination. Optic neuro-ophthalmology imaging was ultimately used. Utilizing optical coherence tomography, we found that the basement membrane layer in the papilledema was protruding up towards the vitreous cavity. To assist in visualization, the optic nerve sheath was enhanced with optic magnetic resonance imaging. With these methods, the dural metastasis was identified, the treatment agent was changed for the patient, and she had a successful recovery. Thus, optic neuro-ophthalmology imaging should be recommended for patients who are in the latent course of dural metastasis, and it could also be used to evaluate therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunquan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Liu JKC. Initial Approach to Patients with a Newly Diagnosed Solitary Brain Metastasis. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2020; 31:489-503. [PMID: 32921346 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Solitary brain metastasis is defined by a single metastatic brain lesion as the only site of metastasis. The initial approach to this condition consists of radiographical evaluation to establish diagnosis, followed by assessment of functional and prognostic status. Neurologic symptom management consists of using dexamethasone and antiepileptic medications. Treatment consists of a combination of surgical and radiation therapy. Surgical treatment is indicated where there is a need for tissue diagnosis or immediate alleviation of neurologic symptoms and mass effect. Stereotactic radiosurgery has become an effective treatment modality. Whole-brain radiation therapy may have a role as an adjunctive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K C Liu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, CSB 6141, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Esophageal Cancer Development: Crucial Clues Arising from the Extracellular Matrix. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020455. [PMID: 32079295 PMCID: PMC7072790 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been reported as playing a relevant role in esophageal cancer (EC) development, with this compartment being related to several aspects of EC genesis and progression. This sounds very interesting due to the complexity of this highly incident and lethal tumor, which takes the sixth position in mortality among all tumor types worldwide. The well-established increase in ECM stiffness, which is able to trigger mechanotransduction signaling, is capable of regulating several malignant behaviors by converting alteration in ECM mechanics into cytoplasmatic biochemical signals. In this sense, it has been shown that some molecules play a key role in these events, particularly the different collagen isoforms, as well as enzymes related to its turnover, such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In fact, MMPs are not only involved in ECM stiffness, but also in other events related to ECM homeostasis, which includes ECM remodeling. Therefore, the crucial role of distinct MMPs isoform has already been reported, especially MMP-2, -3, -7, and -9, along EC development, thus strongly associating these proteins with the control of important cellular events during tumor progression, particularly in the process of invasion during metastasis establishment. In addition, by distinct mechanisms, a vast diversity of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, such as laminin, fibronectin, tenascin C, galectin, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid exert remarkable effects in esophageal malignant cells due to the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways mainly involved in cytoskeleton alterations during adhesion and migration processes. Finally, the wide spectrum of interactions potentially mediated by ECM may represent a singular intervention scenario in esophageal carcinogenesis natural history and, due to the scarce knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in EC development, the growing body of evidence on ECM’s role along esophageal carcinogenesis might provide a solid base to improve its management in the future.
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Sun X, Wang M, Xu R, Zhang D, Liu A, Wang Y, Lu T, Xin Y, Zhao Y, Xuan Y, Qiu T, Wang H, Li S, Wo Y, Liu D, Zhao J, Fu B, Lan Y, Han Y, Jiao W. Prognostic model based on circular RNA circPDK1 for resected lung squamous cell carcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:907-919. [PMID: 32010569 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Circular RNA has been revealed as a potential biomarker in multiple malignancies. However, few studies have focused on its potential to be prognostic markers in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). In this work, we aimed to build a prognostic model of resected LSCC based on circular RNA pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (circPDK1) and other clinicopathological factors. Methods circPDK1 was identified via next-generation sequencing. Three hundred two cases of LSCC tissue and their adjacent normal lung tissues were obtained from multiple medical centers and divided into study cohort (n=232) and validation cohort (n=70). The expression of circPDK1 was detected for analyzing its potential prognostic value for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in LSCC. Finally, combined with circPDK1, T staging, lymph nodes (LN) metastasis status, age, and serum squamous cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCCAg), we built a prognostic model by nomograms method and confirmed it in the validation cohort. Results CircPDK1 was identified to be overexpressed (P<0.01) in LSCC. Through analysis in study cohort, circPDK1low patients (less than the mean expression, n=124) showed more lymph nodes metastasis (P=0.025), more vascular invasion (VI) (P=0.047), more visceral pleural invasion (VPI) (P=0.015) and poorer prognosis (P=0.003) than circPDK1high ones (n=108). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that circPDK1, T staging, LN status, age, and SCCAg were significant prognostic factors for RFS and OS. The prognostic model based on these factors showed the concordance index (C-index) of 0.8214 and 0.8359 for predicting 5-year RFS and OS, respectively. Finally, the calibration curves were performed in the study cohort and a validation cohort to evaluate the model's efficiency. Conclusions circPDK1 was identified as a potential biomarker of resected LSCC. The prognostic model including circPDK1, T staging, LN status, age, and SCCAg could effectively predict prognosis of resected LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Maolong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rongjian Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dongyang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuanyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanlu Xin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yandong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yunpeng Xuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tong Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Administrative Office, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shicheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yang Wo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dahai Liu
- Medical Examination Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Laiyang Central Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yaliang Lan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yudong Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenjie Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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