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Gao G, Tao B, Chen Y, Yang J, Sun M, Wang H, Hao F, Liu S, Wang M, Shang A. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of spinal cord neural tube defects: A prospective study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:944666. [PMID: 36003299 PMCID: PMC9393549 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.944666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the prenatal diagnosis of spinal neural tube defects. Methods From August 2018 to January 2021, 56 fetuses with suspected spinal cord neural tube defects were treated by prenatal ultrasound in the Neurosurgery Department of the First Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital. Fetal MRI was performed within 72 h after ultrasound diagnosis. Forty singleton fetuses were selected. Magnetic resonance examination was performed within 1 month after birth, and the diagnostic coincidence rates of prenatal ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance examination in the prenatal diagnosis of spinal cord neural tube defects were compared and analyzed using postnatal magnetic resonance examination as the standard. Results The coincidence rates of prenatal ultrasound and fetal MRI for the prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida were 71.4% (20/28) and 39.2% (11/28), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. The coincidence rates of prenatal ultrasound and fetal MRI in the diagnosis of intraspinal lipoma were 52.6% (10/19) and 73.7% (14/19), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Fetal MRI has an advantage over prenatal ultrasound in detecting intraspinal lipoma. Prenatal ultrasound has an advantage over fetal MRI in detecting spina bifida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Benzhang Tao
- Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 960th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Taian, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengchun Sun
- Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Fangbin Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Simeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Minjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Aijia Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Medical School, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Aijia Shang
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Spoto G, Saia MC, Amore G, Gitto E, Loddo G, Mainieri G, Nicotera AG, Di Rosa G. Neonatal Seizures: An Overview of Genetic Causes and Treatment Options. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101295. [PMID: 34679360 PMCID: PMC8534058 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizures are the most frequent neurological clinical symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS) during the neonatal period. Neonatal seizures may be ascribed to an acute event or symptomatic conditions determined by genetic, metabolic or structural causes, outlining the so-called 'Neonatal Epilepsies'. To date, three main groups of neonatal epilepsies are recognised during the neonatal period: benign familial neonatal epilepsy (BFNE), early myoclonic encephalopathy (EME) and 'Ohtahara syndrome' (OS). Recent advances showed the role of several genes in the pathogenesis of these conditions, such as KCNQ2, KCNQ3, ARX, STXBP1, SLC25A22, CDKL5, KCNT1, SCN2A and SCN8A. Herein, we reviewed the current knowledge regarding the pathogenic variants most frequently associated with neonatal seizures, which should be considered when approaching newborns affected by these disorders. In addition, we considered the new possible therapeutic strategies reported in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Spoto
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.S.); (M.C.S.); (G.A.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Maria Concetta Saia
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.S.); (M.C.S.); (G.A.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Greta Amore
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.S.); (M.C.S.); (G.A.); (G.D.R.)
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | | | - Greta Mainieri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gennaro Nicotera
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.S.); (M.C.S.); (G.A.); (G.D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2911
| | - Gabriella Di Rosa
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Human Pathology of the Adult and Developmental Age “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.S.); (M.C.S.); (G.A.); (G.D.R.)
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Scarabello M, Righini A, Severino M, Pinelli L, Parazzini C, Scola E, Palumbo G, Di Maurizio M, D'Errico I, Rossi A, Triulzi F, Griffiths PD. Ganglionic Eminence Anomalies and Coexisting Cerebral Developmental Anomalies on Fetal MR Imaging: Multicenter-Based Review of 60 Cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1151-1156. [PMID: 33707279 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ganglionic eminences are transient fetal brain structures that produce a range of neuron types. Ganglionic eminence anomalies have been recognized on fetal MR imaging and anecdotally found in association with a number of neurodevelopmental anomalies. The aim of this exploratory study was to describe and analyze the associations between ganglionic eminence anomalies and coexisting neurodevelopmental anomalies. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study includes cases of ganglionic eminence anomalies diagnosed on fetal MR imaging during a 20-year period from 7 centers in Italy and England. Inclusion criteria were cavitation or increased volume of ganglionic eminences on fetal MR imaging. The studies were analyzed for associated cerebral developmental anomalies: abnormal head size and ventriculomegaly, reduced opercularization or gyration, and abnormal transient layering of the developing brain mantle. The results were analyzed using χ2 and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Sixty fetuses met the inclusion criteria (21 females, 24 males, 15 sex unknown). Thirty-four had ganglionic eminence cavitations (29 bilateral and 5 unilateral), and 26 had increased volume of the ganglionic eminences (19 bilateral, 7 unilateral). Bilateral ganglionic eminence cavitations were associated with microcephaly (P = .01), reduced opercularization, (P < .001), reduced gyration (P < .001), and cerebellar anomalies (P = .01). Unilateral ganglionic eminence cavitations were not significantly associated with any particular feature. Bilateral increased volume of the ganglionic eminences showed an association with macrocephaly (P = .03). Unilateral increased volume was associated with macrocephaly (P = .002), abnormal transient layering (P = .001), unilateral polymicrogyria (P = .001), and hemimegalencephaly (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Ganglionic eminence anomalies are associated with specific neurodevelopmental anomalies with ganglionic eminence cavitations and increased ganglionic eminence volume apparently having different associated abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scarabello
- From the Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology Department (M. Scarabello, A.R., C.P.), Children's Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - A Righini
- From the Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology Department (M. Scarabello, A.R., C.P.), Children's Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - M Severino
- Neuroradiology Department (M. Severino), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Gaslini Children's Research Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Pinelli
- Neuroradiology Department (L.P.), Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Parazzini
- From the Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology Department (M. Scarabello, A.R., C.P.), Children's Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - E Scola
- Neuroradiology Department (E.S., F.T.), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Fondazione Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Palumbo
- Radiology Department (G.P.), Azienda Ospedaliera Spedali Civili Di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Di Maurizio
- Radiology Department (M.D.M.), Children's Hospital Meyer, Florence, Italy
| | - I D'Errico
- Neuroradiology Department (I.D.), University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Neuroradiology Department (M. Severino), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Gaslini Children's Research Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Triulzi
- Neuroradiology Department (E.S., F.T.), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Fondazione Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P D Griffiths
- Academic Unit of Radiology (P.D.G.), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Abstract
Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) or de Morsier's syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a classic triad of: (a) optic nerve hypoplasia, (b) agenesis of septum pellucidum and corpus callosum, and (c) hypoplasia of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. This chapter will outline the key information regarding the etiology and epidemiology of this syndrome with a focus on its comprehensive management. Particular attention will be paid to the diagnostic stage and the most relevant differential diagnosis, before moving to the complexities of its treatment. In fact, although SOD is not curable, many aspects of this syndrome can be improved through a tailored multidisciplinary approach consisting in hormonal replacement, corrective ophthalmological surgery, management of epileptic seizures, and active neuropsychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Sataite
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Cudlip
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jayaratnam Jayamohan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Ganau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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