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O’Reilly C, Mills S, Rea MC, Lavelle A, Ghosh S, Hill C, Ross RP. Interplay between inflammatory bowel disease therapeutics and the gut microbiome reveals opportunities for novel treatment approaches. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:35. [PMID: 37849974 PMCID: PMC7615213 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex heterogeneous disorder defined by recurring chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, attributed to a combination of factors including genetic susceptibility, altered immune response, a shift in microbial composition/microbial insults (infection/exposure), and environmental influences. Therapeutics generally used to treat IBD mainly focus on the immune response and include non-specific anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapeutics and targeted therapeutics aimed at specific components of the immune system. Other therapies include exclusive enteral nutrition and emerging stem cell therapies. However, in recent years, scientists have begun to examine the interplay between these therapeutics and the gut microbiome, and we present this information here. Many of these therapeutics are associated with alterations to gut microbiome composition and functionality, often driving it toward a "healthier profile" and preclinical studies have revealed that such alterations can play an important role in therapeutic efficacy. The gut microbiome can also improve or hinder IBD therapeutic efficacy or generate undesirable metabolites. For certain IBD therapeutics, the microbiome composition, particularly before treatment, may serve as a biomarker of therapeutic efficacy. Utilising this information and manipulating the interactions between the gut microbiome and IBD therapeutics may enhance treatment outcomes in the future and bring about new opportunities for personalised, precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O’Reilly
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland
- Microbiology Department, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12TP07, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Susan Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Mary C. Rea
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Microbiology Department, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12TP07, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- Microbiology Department, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12TP07, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
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Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158494. [PMID: 35955628 PMCID: PMC9368934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that severely affects patients’ quality of life. The exact cause of IBD is uncertain, but current studies suggest that abnormal activation of the immune system, genetic susceptibility, and altered intestinal flora due to mucosal barrier defects may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Unfortunately, IBD is currently difficult to be wholly cured. Thus, more treatment options are needed for different patients. Stem cell therapy, mainly including hematopoietic stem cell therapy and mesenchymal stem cell therapy, has shown the potential to improve the clinical disease activity of patients when conventional treatments are not effective. Stem cell therapy, an emerging therapy for IBD, can alleviate mucosal inflammation through mechanisms such as immunomodulation and colonization repair. Clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation in refractory IBD and the ability to maintain long-term remission in some patients. However, stem cell therapy is still in the research stage, and its safety and long-term efficacy remain to be further evaluated. This article reviews the upcoming stem cell transplantation methods for clinical application and the results of ongoing clinical trials to provide ideas for the clinical use of stem cell transplantation as a potential treatment for IBD.
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Mosaddad SA, Rasoolzade B, Namanloo RA, Azarpira N, Dortaj H. Stem cells and common biomaterials in dentistry: a review study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:55. [PMID: 35716227 PMCID: PMC9206624 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells exist as normal cells in embryonic and adult tissues. In recent years, scientists have spared efforts to determine the role of stem cells in treating many diseases. Stem cells can self-regenerate and transform into some somatic cells. They would also have a special position in the future in various clinical fields, drug discovery, and other scientific research. Accordingly, the detection of safe and low-cost methods to obtain such cells is one of the main objectives of research. Jaw, face, and mouth tissues are the rich sources of stem cells, which more accessible than other stem cells, so stem cell and tissue engineering treatments in dentistry have received much clinical attention in recent years. This review study examines three essential elements of tissue engineering in dentistry and clinical practice, including stem cells derived from the intra- and extra-oral sources, growth factors, and scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Boshra Rasoolzade
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Ruan J, Schlüter D, Naumann M, Waisman A, Wang X. Ubiquitin-modifying enzymes as regulators of colitis. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:304-318. [PMID: 35177326 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the pathophysiology of IBD is multifaceted, ubiquitination, a post-translational modification, has been shown to have essential roles in its pathogenesis and development. Ubiquitin-modifying enzymes (UMEs) work in synergy to orchestrate the optimal ubiquitination of target proteins, thereby maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple UME genes as IBD susceptibility loci, implying the importance of UMEs in IBD. Furthermore, accumulative evidence demonstrates that UMEs affect intestinal inflammation by regulating various aspects, such as intestinal barrier functions and immune responses. Considering the significant functions of UMEs in IBD, targeting UMEs could become a favorable therapeutic approach for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ruan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, China; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Binienda A, Ziolkowska S, Hauge IH, Salaga M. The Role of Immune and Epithelial Stem Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1405-1416. [PMID: 32364073 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200504074922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is categorized as Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) and is characterized by chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Relapsing symptoms, including abdominal pain, increased stool frequency, loss of appetite as well as anemia contribute to significant deterioration of quality of life. IBD treatment encompasses chemotherapy (e.g. corticosteroids, thiopurines) and biological agents (e.g. antibodies targeting tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 12/23) and surgery. However, efficacy of these therapies is not satisfactory. Thus, scientists are looking for new options in IBD treatment that could induce and maintain remission. OBJECTIVE To summarize previous knowledge about role of different intestinal cells in IBD pathophysiology and application of stem cells in the IBD treatment. RESULTS Recent studies have emphasized an important role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as well as intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in the IBD pathophysiology suggesting that these types of cells can be new targets for IBD treatment. Moreover, last studies show that stem cells transplantation reduces inflammation in patients suffering from IBD, which are resistant to conventional therapies. CONCLUSION Both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to restore damaged tissue and regulate the immune system. Autologous HSCs transplantation eliminates autoreactive cells and replace them with new T-cells resulting a long-time remission. Whereas MSCs transplantation is effective therapy in one of the major complications of IBD, perianal fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ziolkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ingvild H Hauge
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Misselwitz B, Juillerat P, Sulz MC, Siegmund B, Brand S. Emerging Treatment Options in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Janus Kinases, Stem Cells, and More. Digestion 2021; 101 Suppl 1:69-82. [PMID: 32570252 DOI: 10.1159/000507782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has tremendously improved during the last 20 years; however, a substantial fraction of patients does not respond to available therapies or lose response, and new strategies are needed. SUMMARY Two pharmacological principles have been successfully used for IBD treatment: inhibition of cellular signaling and interference with leukocyte trafficking. Besides tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-23 is a promising drug target, and antibodies for the combined inhibition of IL-23 and IL-12 (ustekinumab and briakinumab) or selective IL-23 inhibition (brazikumab, risankizumab, and mirikizumab) seem to be effective in Crohn's disease (CD) with emerging evidence also for ulcerative colitis (UC). Janus kinase (JAK) mediates intracellular signaling of a large number of cytokines. Tofacitinib is the first JAK inhibitor approved for UC, and the JAK inhibitors filgotinib and upadacitinib showed potential in CD. Leukocyte trafficking can be inhibited by interference with lymphocyte integrin-α4β7 or endothelial MadCAM-1. The α4β7 integrin inhibitor vedolizumab is an established treatment in IBD, and long-term data of pivotal studies are now available. Additional molecules with therapeutic potential are α4β7-specific abrilumab, β7-specific etrolizumab, and the α4-specific small molecule AJM300. PF-00547659, an antibody against endothelial MadCAM-1, also showed therapeutic potential in UC. Modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) activity is necessary for the egress of lymphocytes into the circulation, and S1PR modulation results in lymphocyte trapping in lymphatic organs. Ozanimod, an S1PR1 and S1PR5 inhibitor, has been successfully tested in initial studies in UC. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been approved for the treatment of complex, active CD fistula, and mesenchymal stem cell therapy might be a paradigm shift for this condition. Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been successfully used in CD case series; however, in a randomized trial, a highly stringent endpoint was not met. However, considering positive effects in secondary endpoints, ASCT might be a future treatment of last resort in severe, refractory CD cases, provided that safer protocols can be provided. Key messages: New IBD treatments are successful for a significant fraction of patients. However, new strategies for patient selection, treatment combinations, and/or additional therapies must be developed to serve the need of all IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Misselwitz
- Gastroenterology, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Bern University, Bern, Switzerland,
| | - Pascal Juillerat
- Gastroenterology, Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern and Bern University, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Christian Sulz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Medical Department (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Shaker A. Is Avoiding Stem Cell Exhaustion the New Therapeutic Approach in Colitis? Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1204-1206. [PMID: 33373602 PMCID: PMC8053613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Shaker
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Anisa Shaker, MD, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 810, Los Angeles, California 90089.
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Mishra R, Dhawan P, Srivastava AS, Singh AB. Inflammatory bowel disease: Therapeutic limitations and prospective of the stem cell therapy. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1050-1066. [PMID: 33178391 PMCID: PMC7596447 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i10.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), consisting primarily of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a group of debilitating auto-immune disorders, which also increases the risk of colitis-associated cancer. However, due to the chronic nature of the disease and inconsistent treatment outcomes of current anti-IBD drugs (e.g., approximately 30% non-responders to anti-TNFα agents), and related serious side effects, about half of all IBD patients (in millions) turn to alternative treatment options. In this regard, mucosal healing is gaining acceptance as a measure of disease activity in IBD patients as recent studies have correlated the success of mucosal healing with improved prognosis. However, despite the increasing clinical realization of the significance of the concept of mucosal healing, its regulation and means of therapeutic targeting remain largely unclear. Here, stem-cell therapy, which uses hematopoietic stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells, remains a promising option. Stem cells are the pluripotent cells with ability to differentiate into the epithelial and/or immune-modulatory cells. The over-reaching concept is that the stem cells can migrate to the damaged areas of the intestine to provide curative help in the mucosal healing process. Moreover, by differentiating into the mature intestinal epithelial cells, the stem cells also help in restoring the barrier integrity of the intestinal lining and hence prevent the immunomodulatory induction, the root cause of the IBD. In this article, we elaborate upon the current status of the clinical management of IBD and potential role of the stem cell therapy in improving IBD therapy and patient’s quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangnath Mishra
- Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research, San Diego, CA 92122, United States
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
| | - Anand S Srivastava
- Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research, San Diego, CA 92122, United States
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68118, United States
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Russ KA, Holochwost SJ, Perkins SM, Stegenga K, Jacob SA, Delgado D, Henley AK, Haase JE, Robb SL. Cortisol as an Acute Stress Biomarker in Young Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Patients/Caregivers: Active Music Engagement Protocol. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:424-434. [PMID: 32073877 PMCID: PMC7232696 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Primary aims of the proposed protocol are to determine the feasibility/acceptability of the active music engagement intervention protocol during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and clinical feasibility/acceptability of the biological sample collection schedule. Design: The authors propose a single-case, alternating treatment design to compare levels of child and caregiver cortisol in blood and saliva collected on alternating days, when the dyad receives and does not receive AME sessions. Included are the scientific rationale for this design and detailed intervention and sample collection schedules based on transplant type. Setting/Location: Pediatric inpatient HSCT unit. Subjects: Eligible participants are dyads of children 3–8 years old, hospitalized for HSCT, and their caregiver. Children with malignant and nonmalignant conditions will be eligible, regardless of transplant type. Intervention: AME intervention is delivered by a board-certified music therapist who tailors music-based play experiences to encourage active engagement in, and independent use of, music play to manage the inter-related emotional distress experienced by children and their caregivers during HSCT. Dyads will receive two 45-min AME sessions each week during hospitalization. Outcome Measures: Eight collections of blood (child) and saliva (child/caregiver) will be performed for cortisol measurement. The authors will also collect self-report and caregiver proxy measures for dyad emotional distress, quality of life, and family function. At study conclusion, qualitative caregiver interviews will be conducted. Results: Planned analyses will be descriptive and evaluate the feasibility of participant recruitment, cortisol collection, planned evaluations, and AME delivery. Analysis of qualitative interviews will be used to gain an understanding about the ease/burden of biological sample collection and any perceived benefit of AME. Conclusions: Behavioral intervention studies examining biological mechanisms of action in pediatric transplant populations are rare. Findings will provide important information about the feasibility/acceptability of collecting cortisol samples during a high-intensity treatment and advance understanding about the use of active music interventions to mitigate child/caregiver distress during the transplant period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Russ
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Susan M Perkins
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Seethal A Jacob
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David Delgado
- Astellas Pharma Global Development, Northbrook, IL, USA
| | | | - Joan E Haase
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sheri L Robb
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Poggi A, Zocchi MR. Immunomodulatory Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Still Unresolved "Yin and Yang". Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:344-350. [PMID: 30516112 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666181205115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are mesodermal elements characterized by the ability to differentiate into several types of cells present mainly in connective tissues. They play a key function in tissue homeostasis and repair. Furthermore, they exert a strong effect on both innate and adaptive immune response. The main current of thought considers MSC as strong inhibitors of the immune system. Indeed, the first description of MSC immunomodulation pointed out their inability to induce alloimmune responses and their veto effects on mixed lymphocyte reactions. This inhibition appears to be mediated both by direct MSC interaction with immune cells and by soluble factors. Unfortunately, evidence to support this notion comes almost exclusively from in vitro experiments. In complex experimental systems, it has been shown that MSC can exert immunosuppressive effects also in vivo, either in murine models or in transplanted patients to avoid the graft versus host disease. However, it is still debated how the small number of administered MSC can regulate efficiently a large number of host effector lymphocytes. In addition, some reports in the literature indicate that MSC can trigger rather than inhibit lymphocyte activation when a very low number of MSC are co-cultured with lymphocytes. This would imply that the ratio between the number of MSC and immune cells is a key point to forecast whether MSC will inhibit or activate the immune system. Herein, we discuss the conflicting results reported on the immunomodulatory effects of MSC to define which features are relevant to understand their behavior and cross-talk with immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria R Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Du M, Kavanagh D, Kalia N, Zhang Z. Characterising the mechanical properties of haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells using micromanipulation and atomic force microscopy. Med Eng Phys 2019; 73:18-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Myeloid disorders after autoimmune disease. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2019; 32:74-88. [PMID: 30927978 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are associated with an increased risk not only of lymphoproliferative disorders but also of myeloid malignancies. The excess risk of myelodysplastic syndromes and/or acute myeloid leukemia is observed across several AD types, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, multiple sclerosis, among others. The risk of developing myeloid neoplasms (MNs) is dependent on several variables, including the specific AD type, chronicity and severity of the AD, type and duration of exposure of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or cytotoxics/immunosuppressives, and genetic predisposition risk. Putative triggering factors linking AD to elevated MN risk include AD-directed medications, shared genetic susceptibilities between the two disease entities, and chronic immune stimulation or bone marrow infiltration by the AD. Molecular mechanisms underpinning leukemogenesis remain largely speculative and warrant further investigation. Leukemias arising in patients with AD are not always 'therapy-related' in that MNs may develop in certain AD subtypes even among patients with no prior therapy exposure. Only a few studies have attempted to determine factors associated with MN development in AD but failed to demonstrate consistent characteristic clinical or paraclinical features. These reports have failed to demonstrate a clear correlation between individual agent exposure and subsequent leukemia development due to the low rates of therapy exposure compounded by the rarity of MN occurrence. Notwithstanding, the leukemogenic potential is best documented with agents such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and mitoxantrone; this risk of MN development does not appear to be shared by biologic approaches such as anti-tumor necrosis factors-alpha inhibitors. In this article, we discuss plausible biologic mechanisms underlying MN pathogenesis in AD and review the data available on the development of MNs in patients with AD.
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Hamilton AM, Foster PJ, Ronald JA. Evaluating Nonintegrating Lentiviruses as Safe Vectors for Noninvasive Reporter-Based Molecular Imaging of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:1213-1225. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Hamilton
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Paula J. Foster
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - John A. Ronald
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
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