1
|
Aabling RR, Alstrup T, Kjær EM, Poulsen KJ, Pedersen JO, Revenfeld AL, Møller BK, Eijken M. Reconstitution and post-thaw storage of cryopreserved human mesenchymal stromal cells: Pitfalls and optimizations for clinically compatible formulants. Regen Ther 2023; 23:67-75. [PMID: 37153832 PMCID: PMC10154666 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) make them an intriguing asset for therapeutic applications. An off-the-shelf approach, using pre-expanded cryopreserved allogenic MSCs, bypasses many practical difficulties of cellular therapy. Reconstitution of a MSC product away from cytotoxic cryoprotectants towards a preferred administration solution might be favorable for several indications. Variations in MSC handling accompanied by a non-standardized use of reconstitution solutions complicate a general clinical standardization of MSC cellular therapies. In this study, we aimed to identify a simple and clinically compatible approach for thawing, reconstitution, and post-thaw storage of cryopreserved MSCs. Methods Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs were expanded in human platelet lysate (hPL) supplemented culture medium and cryopreserved using a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based cryoprotectant. Isotonic solutions (saline, Ringer's acetate and phosphate buffered saline (PBS)) with or without 2% human serum albumin (HSA) were used as thawing, reconstitution, and storage solutions. MSCs were reconstituted to 5 × 106 MSCs/mL for evaluating MSC stability. Total MSC numbers and viability were determined using 7-aminoactinomycin D (7-AAD) and flow cytometry. Results For thawing cryopreserved MSCs the presence of protein was proven to be essential. Up to 50% of MSCs were lost when protein-free thawing solutions were used. Reconstitution and post-thaw storage of MSCs in culture medium and widely used PBS demonstrated poor MSC stability (>40% cell loss) and viability (<80%) after 1 h of storage at room temperature. Reconstitution in simple isotonic saline appeared to be a good alternative for post-thaw storage, ensuring >90% viability with no observed cell loss for at least 4 h. Reconstitution of MSCs to low concentrations was identified as critical. Diluting MSCs to <105/mL in protein-free vehicles resulted in instant cell loss (>40% cell loss) and lower viability (<80%). Addition of clinical grade HSA could prevent cell loss during thawing and dilution. Conclusion This study identified a clinically compatible method for MSC thawing and reconstitution that ensures high MSC yield, viability, and stability. The strength of the method lies within the simplicity of implementation which offers an accessible way to streamline MSC therapies across different laboratories and clinical trials, improving standardization in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco Eijken
- Corresponding author. Center of Gene and Cellular Therapy, Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Horcharoensuk P, Yang-en S, Narkwichean A, Rungsiwiwut R. Proline-based solution maintains cell viability and stemness of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells after hypothermic storage. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264773. [PMID: 35231072 PMCID: PMC8887718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transportation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under hypothermic conditions in 0.9% normal saline solution (NSS) might increase cell death and alter the stemness of MSCs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of proline-based solution (PL-BS) on cell viability and the stemness of newly established canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) under hypothermic conditions. Characterized cAD-MSCs were stored in 1, 10, and 100 mM PL-BS or NSS at 4°C for 6, 9, and 12 hours prior to an evaluation. The results demonstrated that storage in 1 mM PL-BS for 6 hours decreased cell apoptosis and proliferation ability, but improved cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential. cAD-MSCs maintained their high expression of CD44 and CD90, but had a low expression of CD34 and MHC class II. Trilineage differentiation ability of cAD-MSCs was not affected by storage in 1 mM PL-BS. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that immunomodulatory genes, including IDO, HGF, PGE-2, and IL-6, were upregulated in cAD-MSCs stored in 1 mM PL-BS. In conclusion, PL-BS can be effectively applied for storing cAD-MSCs under hypothermic conditions. These findings provide a new solution for effective handling of cAD-MSCs which might be promising for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunantha Yang-en
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amarin Narkwichean
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Ruttachuk Rungsiwiwut
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sultana T, Dayem AA, Lee SB, Cho SG, Lee JI. Effects of carrier solutions on the viability and efficacy of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:26. [PMID: 34996443 PMCID: PMC8739692 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have favorable characteristics that render them a potent therapeutic tool. We tested the characteristics of MSCs after temporal storage in various carrier solutions, such as 0.9% saline (saline), 5% dextrose solution (DS), heparin in saline, and Hartmann’s solution, all of which are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Phosphate-buffered saline, which does not have FDA approval, was also used as a carrier solution. We aimed to examine the effects of these solutions on the viability and characteristics of MSCs to evaluate their suitability and efficacy for the storage of canine adipose-derived MSCs (cADMSCs). Results We stored the cADMSCs in the test carrier solutions in a time-dependent manner (1, 6, and 12 h) at 4 °C, and analyzed cell confluency, viability, proliferation, self-renewability, and chondrogenic differentiation. Cell confluency was significantly higher in 5% DS and lower in phosphate-buffered saline at 12 h compared to other solutions. cADMSCs stored in saline for 12 h showed the highest viability rate. However, at 12 h, the proliferation rate of cADMSCs was significantly higher after storage in 5% DS and significantly lower after storage in saline, compared to the other solutions. cADMSCs stored in heparin in saline showed superior chondrogenic capacities at 12 h compared to other carrier solutions. The expression levels of the stemness markers, Nanog and Sox2, as well as those of the MSC surface markers, CD90 and CD105, were also affected over time. Conclusion Our results suggest that MSCs should be stored in saline, 5% DS, heparin in saline, or Hartmann’s solution at 4 °C, all of which have FDA approval (preferable storage conditions: less than 6 h and no longer than 12 h), rather than storing them in phosphate-buffered saline to ensure high viability and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Sultana
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ik Lee
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chu DT, Nguyen Thi Phuong T, Tien NLB, Tran DK, Minh LB, Thanh VV, Gia Anh P, Pham VH, Thi Nga V. Adipose Tissue Stem Cells for Therapy: An Update on the Progress of Isolation, Culture, Storage, and Clinical Application. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E917. [PMID: 31247996 PMCID: PMC6678927 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue stem cells (ASCs), known as multipotent stem cells, are most commonly used in the clinical applications in recent years. Adipose tissues (AT) have the advantage in the harvesting, isolation, and expansion of ASCs, especially an abundant amount of stem cells compared to bone marrow. ASCs can be found in stromal vascular fractions (SVF) which are easily obtained from the dissociation of adipose tissue. Both SVFs and culture-expanded ASCs exhibit the stem cell characteristics such as differentiation into multiple cell types, regeneration, and immune regulators. Therefore, SVFs and ASCs have been researched to evaluate the safety and benefits for human use. In fact, the number of clinical trials on ASCs is going to increase by years; however, most trials are in phase I and II, and lack phase III and IV. This systemic review highlights and updates the process of the harvesting, characteristics, isolation, culture, storage, and application of ASCs, as well as provides further directions on the therapeutic use of ASCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
| | - Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nguyen Le Bao Tien
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Khoa Tran
- Department of Anatomy, University of Medicine Pham Ngoc Thach, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Le Bui Minh
- NTT Hi-tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh St., Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vo Van Thanh
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Gia Anh
- Oncology Department, Viet Duc Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van Huy Pham
- AI Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Vu Thi Nga
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sierra Parraga JM, Rozenberg K, Eijken M, Leuvenink HG, Hunter J, Merino A, Moers C, Møller BK, Ploeg RJ, Baan CC, Jespersen B, Hoogduijn MJ. Effects of Normothermic Machine Perfusion Conditions on Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:765. [PMID: 31024574 PMCID: PMC6469476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex-situ normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) of transplant kidneys allows assessment of kidney quality and targeted intervention to initiate repair processes prior to transplantation. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been shown to possess the capacity to stimulate kidney repair. Therefore, the combination of NMP and MSC therapy offers potential to repair transplant kidneys. It is however unknown how NMP conditions affect MSC. In this study the effect of NMP perfusion fluid on survival, metabolism and function of thawed cryopreserved human (h)MSC and porcine (p)MSC in suspension conditions was studied. Suspension conditions reduced the viability of pMSC by 40% in both perfusion fluid and culture medium. Viability of hMSC was reduced by suspension conditions by 15% in perfusion fluid, whilst no differences were found in survival in culture medium. Under adherent conditions, survival of the cells was not affected by perfusion fluid. The perfusion fluid did not affect survival of fresh MSC in suspension compared to the control culture medium. The freeze-thawing process impaired the survival of hMSC; 95% survival of fresh hMSC compared to 70% survival of thawed hMSC. Moreover, thawed MSC showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species, which indicates elevated levels of oxidative stress, and reduced mitochondrial activity, which implies reduced metabolism. The adherence of pMSC and hMSC to endothelial cells was reduced after the thawing process, effect which was particularly profound in in the perfusion fluid. To summarize, we observed that conditions required for machine perfusion are influencing the behavior of MSC. The freeze-thawing process reduces survival and metabolism and increases oxidative stress, and diminishes their ability to adhere to endothelial cells. In addition, we found that hMSC and pMSC behaved differently, which has to be taken into consideration when translating results from animal experiments to clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Sierra Parraga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kaithlyn Rozenberg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Eijken
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henri G Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery - Organ Donation and Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - James Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Merino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cyril Moers
- Department of Surgery - Organ Donation and Transplantation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bjarne K Møller
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rutger J Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|