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Pozza C, Tenuta M, Sesti F, Bertolotto M, Huang DY, Sidhu PS, Maggi M, Isidori AM, Lotti F. Multiparametric Ultrasound for Diagnosing Testicular Lesions: Everything You Need to Know in Daily Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5332. [PMID: 38001591 PMCID: PMC10670367 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonography (US) represents the gold standard imaging method for the assessment of testicular lesions (TL). The gray-scale (GSUS) and color-Doppler (CDUS) ultrasound examination allow sonographers to investigate the size, margins, echotexture, and vascular features of TLs with the aim to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. Recently, the use of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) and sonoelastography (SE) has led to further improvements in the differential diagnosis of TL. Although GSUS and CDUS are often sufficient to suggest the benign or malignant nature of the TL, CEUS can be decisive in the differential diagnosis of unclear findings, while SE can help to strengthen the diagnosis. The contemporary combination of GSUS, CDUS, CEUS, and SE has led to a new diagnostic paradigm named multiparametric US (mp-US), which is able to provide a more detailed characterization of TLs than single techniques alone. This narrative and pictorial review aimed to describe the mp-US appearance of several TLs. METHODS An extensive Medline search was performed to identify studies in the English language focusing on the mp-US evaluation of TLs. RESULTS A practical mp-US "identity card" and iconographic characterization of several benign and malignant TLs is provided herein. CONCLUSIONS The mp-US characterization of TL reported herein can be useful in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pozza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Marta Tenuta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Franz Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Michele Bertolotto
- Department of Radiology, Ospedale Di Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Dean Y. Huang
- Department of Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (D.Y.H.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Paul S. Sidhu
- Department of Imaging Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; (D.Y.H.); (P.S.S.)
| | - Mario Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Andrea M. Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (M.T.); (F.S.); (A.M.I.)
| | - Francesco Lotti
- Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Alkhayal AM, Aljarallah MF, Alqirnas MQ, Aldusari RS, Alyami F, Jamalalail Y, Hadhoud H, Alrabeeah K, Alsaikhan BH, Ghazwani Y, Noureldin YA. Malignant testicular tumors in children: overview on 10 years of Saudi Cancer Registry. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2677-2683. [PMID: 37477777 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify epidemiological and histopathological patterns of pediatric testicular tumor (TT) in Saudi population over 10 years. METHODS Retrospective data extracted from the Saudi Cancer Registry for Saudi children diagnosed with TT from 2008 to 2017. The data collected included patient's factors as age, year of diagnosis, survival status, and tumor factors as basis of diagnosis, origin of the tumor, histopathological group and subtype, and tumor behavior, stage, and laterality. RESULTS A total of 115 patients with a median age of 14 (IQR 1.5-17) were included. The primary tumor site was a normal descended testis in 98.3% (115). Yolk sac tumor was the most common 28.2% (33), followed by embryonal carcinoma in 27.4% (32) and mixed germ-cell tumors in 23.1% (27). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant association between survival and the stage of the tumor (p = 0.002). However, there was a lack of significant association between survival and age groups, histopathological groups, and histopathological subtypes (p = 0.541, p = 0.609, and p = 0.733, respectively). The overall mortality rate of TT 5.2% with all deaths caused by non-seminomatous germ-cell tumor diagnosed with stage 3. CONCLUSIONS The median age of the patients was 14 years. Yolk sac tumors were the most common while testicular choriocarcinomas were the least in incidence. No increase in the incidence of TT was seen and the mortality rate over the 10-year period was 5.2%. Shorter survival was associated with higher tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mohammed Alkhayal
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Fahad Aljarallah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhannad Q Alqirnas
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan S Aldusari
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alyami
- College of Medicine, King Saud University Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Jamalalail
- Pediatric Urology Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah Specialized Children Hospital, National Guard-Health Affiars, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Hadhoud
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Khaled Alrabeeah
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader H Alsaikhan
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya Ghazwani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of the National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A Noureldin
- Division of Urology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada.
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J F, A S, V E, F P, P M, B T, Sw W. New aspects and innovations in the local treatment of renal and urogenital pediatric tumors. Semin Pediatr Surg 2021; 30:151081. [PMID: 34412882 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2021.151081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Local treatment plays a key role for patients' outcome in tumors of the urogenital tract in children. Despite a great variety of different etiologies, the specific localization of pediatric urogenital tumors renders several characteristic demands to the treating personnel. Surgery and radiotherapy are the main elements of local treatment in this group of neoplasms. Numerous new guidelines and innovative technical developments of surgery and radiotherapy have recently been integrated into treatment concepts for pediatric urogenital tumors. Due to the broadness of the field it is not possible to give a full overview over all aspects. Therefore, this article highlights the most important innovations and new guidelines of surgery and radiotherapy of pediatric urogenital tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchs J
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Children´s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Schmidt A
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Children´s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ellerkamp V
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Children´s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Paulsen F
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Melchior P
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Timmermann B
- Department of Particle Therapy, West German Proton Therapy Centre, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Warmann Sw
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Children´s Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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