1
|
Kural S, Jain G, Agarwal S, Das P, Kumar L. Urinary extracellular vesicles-encapsulated miRNA signatures: A new paradigm for urinary bladder cancer diagnosis and classification. Urol Oncol 2024; 42:179-190. [PMID: 38594151 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) stands as prevalent malignancy of the urinary system globally, especially among men. The clinical classification of BCa into non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is crucial for prognosis and treatment decisions. However, challenges persist in current diagnostic methods like Urine cytopathology that shows poor sensitivity therefore compromising on accurately diagnosing and monitoring BCa. In recent years, research has emphasized the importance of identifying urine and blood-based specific biomarkers for BCa that can enable early and precise diagnosis, effective tumor classification, and monitoring. The convenient proximity of urine with the urinary bladder epithelium makes urine a good source of noninvasive biomarkers, in particular urinary EVs because of the packaged existence of tumor-associated molecules. Therefore, the review assesses the potential of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) as noninvasive biomarkers for BCa. We have elaborately reviewed and discussed the research that delves into the role of urinary EVs in the context of BCa diagnosis and classification. Extensive research has been dedicated to investigating differential microRNA (miRNA) expressions, with the goal of establishing distinct, noninvasive biomarkers for BCa. The identification of such biomarkers has the potential to revolutionize early detection, risk stratification, therapeutic interventions, and ultimately, the long-term prognosis of BCa patients. Despite notable advancements, inconsistencies persist in the biomarkers identified, methodologies employed, and study populations. This review meticulously compiles reported miRNA biomarkers, critically assessing the variability and discrepancies observed in existing research. By synthesizing these findings, the article aims to direct future studies toward a more cohesive and dependable approach in BCa biomarker identification, fostering progress in patient care and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhad Kural
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Garima Jain
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sakshi Agarwal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Woo H, Park J, Kim KH, Ku JY, Ha HK, Cho Y. Alix-normalized exosomal programmed death-ligand 1 analysis in urine enables precision monitoring of urothelial cancer. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1602-1610. [PMID: 38480462 PMCID: PMC11093207 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Ab-based therapies have demonstrated potential for treating metastatic urothelial cancer with high PD-L1 expression. Urinary exosomes are promising biomarkers for liquid biopsy, but urine's high variability requires normalization for accurate analysis. This study proposes using the PD-L1/Alix ratio to normalize exosomal PD-L1 signal intensity with Alix, an internal exosomal protein less susceptible to heterogeneity concerns than surface protein markers. Extracellular vesicles were isolated using ExoDisc and characterized using various methods, including ExoView to analyze tetraspanins, PD-L1, and Alix on individual exosomes. On-disc ELISA was used to evaluate PD-L1 and Alix-normalized PD-L1 in 15 urothelial cancer patients during the initial treatment cycle with Tecentriq. Results showed that Alix signal range was relatively uniform, whereas tetraspanin marker intensity varied for individual exosome particles. On-disc ELISA was more reliable for detecting exosomal PD-L1 expression than standard plate ELISA-based measurement. Using exosomal Alix expression for normalization is a more reliable approach than conventional methods for monitoring patient status. Overall, the study provides a practical and reliable method for detecting exosomal PD-L1 in urine samples from patients with urothelial cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Kyung Woo
- Center for Soft and Living MatterInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)UlsanSouth Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanSouth Korea
- Present address:
Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsMAUSA
| | - Juhee Park
- Center for Soft and Living MatterInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)UlsanSouth Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusanSouth Korea
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University HospitalCollege of Medicine, Pusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Ja Yoon Ku
- Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusanSouth Korea
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University HospitalCollege of Medicine, Pusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
- Present address:
Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Cancer CenterBusanSouth Korea
| | - Hong Koo Ha
- Biomedical Research InstitutePusan National University HospitalBusanSouth Korea
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University HospitalCollege of Medicine, Pusan National UniversityBusanSouth Korea
| | - Yoon‐Kyoung Cho
- Center for Soft and Living MatterInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)UlsanSouth Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanSouth Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Murakami T, Minami K, Harabayashi T, Maruyama S, Takada N, Kashiwagi A, Miyata H, Sato Y, Matsumoto R, Kikuchi H, Abe T, Ito YM, Murai S, Shinohara N, Harada H, Osawa T. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of urinary extracellular vesicle mRNA markers in urothelial bladder cancer patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6801. [PMID: 38514751 PMCID: PMC10957914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We designed this multi-center prospective study with the following objectives: (1) the cross-sectional validation of extracellular vesicles (EV) mRNA markers to detect urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) before transurethral resection of bladder cancer (TURBT), and (2) the longitudinal validation of EV mRNA markers to monitor non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence after TURBT. EV mRNA markers evaluated in this study were KRT17, GPRC5A, and SLC2A1 in addition to two additional markers from literatures, MDK and CXCR2, and measured by quantitative RT-PCR with normalization by a reference gene (ALDOB). Diagnostic performances of EV mRNA markers were compared to conventional markers. Regarding the first objective, we confirmed that EV mRNA biomarkers in urine were higher in UBC patients, particularly those with higher stage/grade tumors, than in those without UBC (n = 278 in total) and the diagnostic performance of EV mRNA MDK and KRT17 outperformed conventional biomarkers with AUC 0.760 and 0.730, respectively. Concerning the second objective, we prospectively analyzed the time courses of EV mRNA markers while NMIBC patients (n = 189) (median follow-up 19 months). The expression of EV mRNA KRT17 was significantly high in patients with recurrence, while it gradually decreased over time in those without recurrence (p < 0.01).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Murakami
- Research & Development, Showa Denko Materials (America), Inc., Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Keita Minami
- Departments of Kidney Transplant Surgery and Urology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Maruyama
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norikata Takada
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Kashiwagi
- Department of Urology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyata
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sato
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Keiyukai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kikuchi
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takashige Abe
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yoichi M Ito
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Murai
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Departments of Kidney Transplant Surgery and Urology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Osawa
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Hospital, N15 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu YK, Wu X, Hadisurya M, Li L, Kaimakliotis H, Iliuk A, Tao WA. One-Pot Analytical Pipeline for Efficient and Sensitive Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3301-3310. [PMID: 37702715 PMCID: PMC10897859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV) proteomics emerges as an effective tool for discovering potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutics. However, the current workflow of mass spectrometry-based EV proteome analysis is not fully compatible in a clinical setting due to inefficient EV isolation methods and a tedious sample preparation process. To streamline and improve the efficiency of EV proteome analysis, here we introduce a one-pot analytical pipeline integrating a robust EV isolation approach, EV total recovery and purification (EVtrap), with in situ protein sample preparation, to detect urinary EV proteome. By incorporating solvent-driven protein capture and fast on-bead digestion, the one-pot pipeline enabled the whole EV proteome analysis to be completed within one day. In comparison with the existing workflow, the one-pot pipeline was able to obtain better peptide yield and identify the equivalent number of unique EV proteins from 1 mL of urine. Finally, we applied the one-pot pipeline to profile proteomes in urinary EVs of bladder cancer patients. A total of 2774 unique proteins were identified in 53 urine samples using a 15 min gradient library-free data-independent acquisition method. Taken altogether, our novel one-pot analytical pipeline demonstrated its potential for routine and robust EV proteomics in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Marco Hadisurya
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Li Li
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Hristos Kaimakliotis
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee J, Kim E, Park J, Choi S, Lee MS, Park J. Pre-analytical handling conditions and protein marker recovery from urine extracellular vesicles for bladder cancer diagnosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291198. [PMID: 37676879 PMCID: PMC10484439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a variety of biomolecules and provide information about the cells that produce them. EVs from cancer cells found in urine can be used as biomarkers to detect cancer, enabling early diagnosis and treatment. The potential of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) and clusterin (CLU) as novel diagnostic urinary EV (uEV) biomarkers for bladder cancer (BC) was demonstrated previously. To validate the diagnostic value of these proteins in uEVs in a large BC cohort, urine handling conditions before uEV isolation should be optimized during sample transportation from medical centers. In this study, we analyzed the uEV protein quantity, EV particle number, and uEV-A2M/CLU after urine storage at 20°C and 4°C for 0-6 days, each. A2M and CLU levels in uEVs were relatively stable when stored at 4°C for a maximum of three days and at 20°C for up to 24 h, with minimal impact on analysis results. Interestingly, pre-processing to remove debris and cells by centrifugation and filtration of urine did not show any beneficial effects on the preservation of protein biomarkers of uEVs during storage. Here, the importance of optimizing shipping conditions to minimize the impact of pre-analytical handling on the uEVs protein biomarkers was emphasized. These findings provide insights for the development of clinical protocols that use uEVs for diagnostic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunha Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Eulji Biomedical Science Research Institute, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Urology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu-si, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teixeira-Marques A, Lourenço C, Oliveira MC, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Bladder Cancer Biomarkers: Take It or Leave It? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076757. [PMID: 37047731 PMCID: PMC10094914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Although urine cytology and cystoscopy are current standards for BC diagnosis, both have limited sensitivity to detect low-grade and small tumors. Moreover, effective prognostic biomarkers are lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipidic particles that contain nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites, which are released by cells into the extracellular space, being crucial effectors in intercellular communication. These particles have emerged as potential tools carrying biomarkers for either diagnosis or prognosis in liquid biopsies namely urine, plasma, and serum. Herein, we review the potential of liquid biopsies EVs’ cargo as BC diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers. Additionally, we address the emerging advantages and downsides of using EVs within this framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teixeira-Marques
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Lourenço
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Biomedical Sciences, School Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Carlos Oliveira
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOPorto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (Porto.CCC Raquel Seruca), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tabaei S, Haghshenas MR, Webster TJ, Ghaderi A. Proteomics strategies for urothelial bladder cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment: Trends for tumor biomarker sources. Anal Biochem 2023; 666:115074. [PMID: 36738874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is a heterogeneous multifactorial malignancy with a high recurrence rate. Current procedures for UBC diagnosis suffering from the lack of clinical sensitivity and specificity screening tests. Therefore, biomarkers have promising values to predict pathological conditions and can be considered as effective targets for early diagnosis, prognosis and antitumor immunotherapy. Recently, researchers have been interested for tumor proteins as biomarkers for different diseases. At present, proteomics methods have rapidly progressive that has potential identified biomarkers of UBC. Specifically, there has been several studies on the potential application of proteomics for the identification, quantification, and profiling of proteins for UBC in different sources. Based on these studies, using the panel of biomarkers as proteomic patterns may achieve higher sensitivity and specificity than single proteins in the diagnosis of UBC. In the present review, we evaluate recent literature related to the UBC proteome focusing especially on new proteomics techniques. Moreover, we classify UBC tumor biomarkers as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets based on their sources (urine, serum/plasm, cell line, and tumor tissue) and we also discuss the advantages and limitations of each source. In this manner, this review article provides a critical assessment presentation of the advances in proteomics for all aspects of UBC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment based on sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tabaei
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Thomas J Webster
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren R, Wang H, Xie L, Muthupandian S, Yang X. Identify Potential Urine Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Prognosis Using NGS Data Analysis and Experimental Validation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2947-2964. [PMID: 36447118 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most often reported malignancies globally, with a high recurrence rate and associated morbidity and mortality, especially in advanced BC. There has been a surge in the number of molecular targets revealed for BC prognosis and treatment. However, there is still a great need to discover novel biomarkers. Consequently, the current study investigated biomarkers that might indicate the progression of bladder cancer. In this study, bioinformatics analysis was done on a single GEO dataset, and TCGA-BLCA information was connected with differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The levels of mRNA and protein expression were validated using qRT-PCR. According to our findings, CRYAB, ECM1, ALDOB, AOC, GPX3, IGFBP7, AQP2, LASS2, TMEM176A, GALNT1, and LASS2 were highly enriched in cell division, identical protein binding, and developmental process in bladder cancer patients. In addition, among the highly differentiated genes, ECM1, GALNT1, LASS2, and GPX3 showed significant molecular alterations in BC, which are crucial for marker identification. Moreover, the mRNA, CNVs, and protein levels of ECM1, GALNT1, LASS2, and GPX3 were significantly increased in BC patients. Our predictions and analysis studies stated that these four genes act as urine biomarkers and played a crucial role in disease prognosis and the therapeutic process of bladder cancer. Our outcomes showed that these four novel urine biomarkers have the potential to provide innovative diagnostics, early predictions, and disease targets, ultimately improving the BC patient's prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Ren
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Huang Wang
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Liulei Xie
- Department of Urology, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Applications of Exosomes in Diagnosing Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102027. [PMID: 36297462 PMCID: PMC9607910 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) is a subset of bladder cancer with a significant risk for metastases and death. It accounts for nearly 25% of bladder cancer diagnoses. A diagnostic work-up for MIBC is inclusive of urologic evaluation, radiographic imaging with a CT scan, urinalysis, and cystoscopy. These evaluations, especially cystoscopy, are invasive and carry the risk of secondary health concerns. Non-invasive diagnostics such as urine cytology are an attractive alternative currently being investigated to mitigate the requirement for cystoscopy. A pitfall in urine cytology is the lack of available options with high reliability, specificity, and sensitivity to malignant bladder cells. Exosomes are a novel biomarker source which could resolve some of the concerns with urine cytology, due to the high specificity as the surrogates of tumor cells. This review serves to define muscle invasive bladder cancer, current urine cytology methods, the role of exosomes in MIBC, and exosomes application as a diagnostic tool in MIBC. Urinary exosomes as the specific populations of extracellular vesicles could provide additional biomarkers with specificity and sensitivity to bladder malignancies, which are a consistent source of cellular information to direct clinicians for developing treatment strategies. Given its strong presence and differentiation ability between normal and cancerous cells, exosome-based urine cytology is highly promising in providing a perspective of a patient’s bladder cancer.
Collapse
|
10
|
Igami K, Uchiumi T, Shiota M, Ueda S, Tsukahara S, Akimoto M, Eto M, Kang D. Extracellular vesicles expressing CEACAM proteins in the urine of bladder cancer patients. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3120-3133. [PMID: 35611462 PMCID: PMC9459299 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and long‐term monitoring are important for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). Urine cytology and existing markers have insufficient diagnostic performance. Here, we examined medium‐sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) in urine to identify specific markers for UCB and evaluated their usefulness as diagnostic material. To identify specific markers in urinary EVs derived from UCB, we undertook shotgun proteomics using urine from four UCB patients and four healthy subjects. Next, 29 healthy specimens, 18 noncancer specimens, and 33 UCB specimens, all from men, were analyzed for urinary EVs by flow cytometry to evaluate the diagnostic performance of UCB‐specific EVs. Nanoparticle‐tracking analysis indicated that the size of EVs extracted from urine was mostly <400 nm. By shotgun proteomics, we detected several proteins characteristic of UCB and found that carcinoembryonic antigen‐related adhesion molecule (CEACAM) proteins were increased in patients. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the degree of expression of CEACAM1, CEACAM5, and CEACAM6 proteins on the surface of EVs varied among patients. Extracellular vesicles expressing CEACAM proteins also expressed mucin 1, suggesting that they were derived from tumorigenic uroepithelial cells. The number of EVs expressing CEACAM1, 5, and 6 proteins was significantly increased in UCB (mean ± SD, 8.6 ± 13%) compared to non‐UCB (0.69 ± 0.46) and healthy (0.46 ± 0.34) by flow cytometry. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed a good score of area under the ROC curve of 0.907. We identified EVs that specifically express CEACAM proteins in urine and have potential for diagnostic applications. These EVs are potential targets in a new liquid biopsy test for UCB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ko Igami
- Business Management Division, Clinical Laboratory Business Segment, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.,Kyushu Pro Search Limited Liability Partnership, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Ueda
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Tsukahara
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaru Akimoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang N, Yuan S, Fang C, Hu X, Zhang YS, Zhang LL, Zeng XT. Nanomaterials-Based Urinary Extracellular Vesicles Isolation and Detection for Non-invasive Auxiliary Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:800889. [PMID: 35096890 PMCID: PMC8795515 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.800889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural nanoparticles secreted by cells in the body and released into the extracellular environment. They are associated with various physiological or pathological processes, and considered as carriers in intercellular information transmission, so that EVs can be used as an important marker of liquid biopsy for disease diagnosis and prognosis. EVs are widely present in various body fluids, among which, urine is easy to obtain in large amount through non-invasive methods and has a small dynamic range of proteins, so it is a good object for studying EVs. However, most of the current isolation and detection of EVs still use traditional methods, which are of low purity, time consuming, and poor efficiency; therefore, more efficient and highly selective techniques are urgently needed. Recently, inspired by the nanoscale of EVs, platforms based on nanomaterials have been innovatively explored for isolation and detection of EVs from body fluids. These newly developed nanotechnologies, with higher selectivity and sensitivity, greatly improve the precision of isolation target EVs from urine. This review focuses on the nanomaterials used in isolation and detection of urinary EVs, discusses the advantages and disadvantages between traditional methods and nanomaterials-based platforms, and presents urinary EV-derived biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. We aim to provide a reference for researchers who want to carry out studies about nanomaterial-based platforms to identify urinary EVs, and we hope to summarize the biomarkers in downstream analysis of urinary EVs for auxiliary diagnosis of PCa disease in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Sen Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park J, Kamerer RL, Marjanovic M, Sorrells JE, You S, Barkalifa R, Selting KA, Boppart SA. Label-free optical redox ratio from urinary extracellular vesicles as a screening biomarker for bladder cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2068-2083. [PMID: 35693090 PMCID: PMC9185616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been studied for their potential applications in cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. Most studies have focused on the bulk content of EVs; however, it is also informative to investigate their metabolic status, and changes under different physiological and environmental conditions. In this study, noninvasive, multimodal, label-free nonlinear optical microscopy was used to evaluate the optical redox ratio of large EVs (microvesicles) isolated from the urine of 11 dogs in three cohorts (4 healthy, 4 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder, and 3 prostate cancer). The optical redox ratio is a common metric comparing the autofluorescence intensities of metabolic cofactors FAD and NAD(P)H to characterize the metabolic profile of cells and tissues, and has recently been applied to EVs. The optical redox ratio revealed that dogs with TCC of the bladder had a more than 2-fold increase in NAD(P)H-rich urinary EVs (uEVs) when compared to healthy dogs, whereas dogs with prostate cancer had no significant difference. The optical redox ratio values of uEVs kept at -20°C for 48 hours were significantly different from those of freshly isolated uEVs, indicating that this parameter is more reliable when assessing freshly isolated uEVs. These results suggest that the label-free optical redox ratio of uEVs, indicating relative rates of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation of parent cells and tissues, may act as a potential screening biomarker for bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaena Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
| | - Rebecca L Kamerer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
| | - Janet E Sorrells
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
| | - Sixian You
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
| | - Ronit Barkalifa
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
| | - Kimberly A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Montezuma D, Teixeira-Marques A, Jerónimo C, Henrique R. Epigenetic extracellular vesicle-based biomarkers for urological malignancies: is the hope worth the hype? Epigenomics 2021; 13:1514-1521. [PMID: 34617453 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Montezuma
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Doctoral Programme in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-513, Portugal
| | - Ana Teixeira-Marques
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Master in Medicine & Molecular Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, ICBAS, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-513, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, ICBAS, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-513, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|