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Yanus GA, Kuligina ES, Imyanitov EN. Hereditary Renal Cancer Syndromes. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:12. [PMID: 38390862 PMCID: PMC10885096 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial kidney tumors represent a rare variety of hereditary cancer syndromes, although systematic gene sequencing studies revealed that as many as 5% of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are associated with germline pathogenic variants (PVs). Most instances of RCC predisposition are attributed to the loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes, which drive the malignant progression via somatic inactivation of the remaining allele. These syndromes almost always have extrarenal manifestations, for example, von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, fumarate hydratase tumor predisposition syndrome (FHTPS), Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, tuberous sclerosis (TS), etc. In contrast to the above conditions, hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma syndrome (HPRCC) is caused by activating mutations in the MET oncogene and affects only the kidneys. Recent years have been characterized by remarkable progress in the development of targeted therapies for hereditary RCCs. The HIF2aplha inhibitor belzutifan demonstrated high clinical efficacy towards VHL-associated RCCs. mTOR downregulation provides significant benefits to patients with tuberous sclerosis. MET inhibitors hold promise for the treatment of HPRCC. Systematic gene sequencing studies have the potential to identify novel RCC-predisposing genes, especially when applied to yet unstudied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory A. Yanus
- Department of Medical Genetics, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Ekaterina Sh. Kuligina
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Evgeny N. Imyanitov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, 194100 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Tumor Growth Biology, N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kurchatov Complex for Medical Primatology, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 354376 Sochi, Russia
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Ouedraogo ZG, Ceruti F, Lepage M, Gay-Bellile M, Uhrhammer N, Ponelle-Chachuat F, Bidet Y, Privat M, Cavaillé M. Detection Rate and Spectrum of Pathogenic Variations in a Cohort of 83 Patients with Suspected Hereditary Risk of Kidney Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1991. [PMID: 38002934 PMCID: PMC10671640 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary predisposition to cancer affects about 3-5% of renal cancers. Testing criteria have been proposed in France for genetic testing of non-syndromic renal cancer. Our study explores the detection rates associated with our testing criteria. Using a comprehensive gene panel including 8 genes related to renal cancer and 50 genes related to hereditary predisposition to other cancers, we evaluated the detection rate of pathogenic variants in a cohort of 83 patients with suspected renal cancer predisposition. The detection rate was 7.2% for the renal cancer genes, which was 2.41-fold higher than the estimated 3% proportion of unselected kidney cases with inherited risk. Pathogenic variants in renal cancer genes were observed in 44.5% of syndromic cases, and in 2.7% of non-syndromic cases. Incidental findings were observed in CHEK2, MSH2, MUTYH and WRN. CHEK2 was associated with renal cancer (OR at 7.14; 95% CI 1.74-29.6; p < 0.003) in our study in comparison to the gnomAD control population. The detection rate in renal cancer genes was low in non-syndromic cases. Additional causal mechanisms are probably involved, and further research is required to find them. A study of the management of renal cancer risk for CHEK2 pathogenic variant carriers is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zangbéwendé Guy Ouedraogo
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, iGReD, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florian Ceruti
- Service d’Urologie, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Mathis Lepage
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Gay-Bellile
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Flora Ponelle-Chachuat
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yannick Bidet
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Privat
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathias Cavaillé
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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