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Simon N, Atiq S, Sonpavde G, Apolo A. New Therapeutic Horizons for Advanced or Metastatic Penile Cancer. Urol Clin North Am 2024; 51:367-376. [PMID: 38925739 PMCID: PMC11290867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Studies with single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated efficacy, but response rates are low. Studies combining ICIs with both chemotherapy and targeted therapy are ongoing. Up to 50% of penile cancer cases are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV-targeting therapies, such as HPV-targeting vaccines and T-cell receptor therapies, are an area of active investigation. Penile cancer cells also express cell surface antigens that may be targeted by the emerging class of antibody-drug conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Simon
- Department of Oncology, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive Building 10, Room 12C432B, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Saad Atiq
- Department of Oncology, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 - Magnuson Clinical Center, Room B2L312, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guru Sonpavde
- Department of Urology, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, University of Central Florida, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Andrea Apolo
- Department of Oncology, Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 - Magnuson Clinical Center, Room 13N240, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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2
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Long XY, Zhang S, Tang LS, Li X, Liu JY. Conversion therapy for advanced penile cancer with tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:12305-12312. [PMID: 36483823 PMCID: PMC9724507 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i33.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locally advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma with unresectable inguinal lymph node metastasis has a poor prognosis, and surgical treatment alone offers limited benefits. Effective conversion therapy regimens are urgently needed.
CASE SUMMARY We describe a locally advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma patient with bulky, fixed inguinal lymph node metastasis complicated with genital skin ulcers who underwent inguinal lymph node dissection and achieved a pathological complete response with conversion therapy comprising immunotherapy plus chemotherapy.
CONCLUSION For unresectable locally advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma, neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is a potential treatment approach. Biomarkers of immunotherapy efficacy need to be explored, and clinical trials are needed to test these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yu Long
- Department of Oncology, Guang’an People’s Hospital, Guang’an 638500, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lian-Sha Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ji-Yan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Chadha J, Chahoud J, Spiess PE. An update on treatment of penile cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221127254. [PMID: 36172172 PMCID: PMC9511530 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221127254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare malignancy, particularly in industrialized nations. In the United States, rates are approximately less than 1 per 100,000 men per year with just over 2000 new cases per year. However, there is significantly increased prevalence in developing nations, with limited treatment expertise and reduced access to care, further driving an unmet clinical need. The most noteworthy risk factor for penile cancer is the association with human papillomavirus infection, which may be present in up to 50% of all penile carcinomas. In addition to local primary tumor approaches, multimodality treatment strategies are vital to patients with clinical regional nodal disease, locally advanced disease. Presence and degree of lymph node involvement remains the most important prognostic factor and patients may benefit from multiple treatment strategies. Interim analysis data from the first randomized clinical trial is expected to yield results in mid/late 2024–early 2025. These treatment approaches include neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant therapy, including chemotherapy and radiation. Systemic therapy for distant recurrent or metastatic disease is primarily a platinum-based chemotherapy, however with poor overall response. As poor outcomes remain high, particularly in indigent populations, there remains an unmet need for these patients, particularly for high level randomized trials and novel therapeutics. In this review, we will highlight treatment updates for penile cancer. In addition to standard of care, we will review novel lines of therapies including immunotherapies and targeted therapies as well as sequencing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juskaran Chadha
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Zhang H, Li J, Zhou Q. Prognostic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:954495. [PMID: 36212460 PMCID: PMC9538899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.954495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAs an emerging immune checkpoint molecule, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an immunosuppressive rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine. The expression of IDO1 affected the prognosis of patients in cancers by regulating the kynurenine pathway, inhibiting the proliferation of T cells. However, the association between IDO1 and solid tumor prognosis was controversial. To further investigate the role of IDO1 expression in solid tumors, we conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify studies evaluating the prognostic value of IDO1 in solid tumors. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were extracted as the outcome. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using the fixed-effect/random-effect model, while heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity between studies were also analyzed.ResultsEighteen studies with 2,168 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicated that the high expression of IDO1 was associated with a shorter OS (n = 1926, HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.22–2.11, P = 0.001) and DFS (n = 327, HR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.52–4.63, P = 0.001), while it was uncorrelated with PFS (n = 428, HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 0.99–3.14, P = 0.240). There was significant heterogeneity between studies on OS (I2 = 77.8%, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that age, gender, tumor type, follow-up period, and study quality were possible reasons for high heterogeneity. The result of the trim-and-fill method indicated that publication bias for OS had no impact on our results. Egger’s test suggested no publication bias for PFS (P = 0.553) and DFS (P = 0.273). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis indicated the result was stable.ConclusionHigh expression of IDO1 was associated with poor clinical outcomes, indicating that it could be a potential prognostic marker in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Zhou,
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Vinueza-Obando D, Spiess PE, García-Perdomo HA. Pembrolizumab as a promising intervention for advanced penile cancer. Int Braz J Urol 2022; 48:719-721. [PMID: 35373954 PMCID: PMC9306374 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2022.99.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genito-Urinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Urology and Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Herney Andrés García-Perdomo
- UROGIV Research Group. School of Medicine. Universidad del Valle. Cali, Colombia.,Division of Urology/Urooncology. Department of Surgery, School of Medicine. Universidad del Valle. Cali, Colombia
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Pinho JD, Silva GEB, Teixeira-Júnior AAL, Rocha TMS, Batista LL, de Sousa AM, Calixto JDRR, Burbano RR, de Souza CRT, Khayat AS. Non-Coding RNA in Penile Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:812008. [PMID: 35651809 PMCID: PMC9150447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.812008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer (PC) still presents a health threat for developing countries, in particular Brazil. Despite this, little progress has been made on the study of markers, including molecular ones, that can aid in the correct management of the patient, especially concerning lymphadenectomy. As in other neoplasms, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been investigated for penile cancer, with emphasis on microRNAs, piRNAs (PIWI-interacting small RNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs). In this context, this review aims to assemble the available knowledge on non-coding RNA linked in PC, contributing to our understanding of the penile carcinogenesis process and addressing their clinical relevance. ncRNAs are part of the novel generation of biomarkers, with high potential for diagnosis and prognosis, orientating the type of treatment. Furthermore, its versatility regarding the use of paraffin samples makes it possible to carry out retrospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Diniz Pinho
- Zé Doca Center for Higher Studies, State University of Maranhão, Zé Doca, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Oncology Research Center, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jaqueline Diniz Pinho,
| | - Gyl Eanes Barros Silva
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Antonio Augusto Lima Teixeira-Júnior
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thalita Moura Silva Rocha
- Laboratory of Immunofluorescence and Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of the Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Lecildo Lira Batista
- Oncology Research Center, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Coordination of Medicine, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Amanda Marques de Sousa
- Oncology Research Center, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Salim Khayat
- Oncology Research Center, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Thomas A, Slade KS, Blaheta RA, Markowitsch SD, Stenzel P, Tagscherer KE, Roth W, Schindeldecker M, Michaelis M, Rothweiler F, Cinatl J, Dotzauer R, Vakhrusheva O, Albersen M, Haferkamp A, Juengel E, Cinatl J, Tsaur I. Value of c-MET and Associated Signaling Elements for Predicting Outcomes and Targeted Therapy in Penile Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1683. [PMID: 35406455 PMCID: PMC8997038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas the lack of biomarkers in penile cancer (PeCa) impedes the development of efficacious treatment protocols, preliminary evidence suggests that c-MET and associated signaling elements may be dysregulated in this disorder. In the following study, we investigated whether c-MET and associated key molecular elements may have prognostic and therapeutic utility in PeCa. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from therapy-naïve patients with invasive PeCa was used for tissue microarray (TMA) analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of the proteins c-MET, PPARg, β-catenin, snail, survivin, and n-MYC. In total, 94 PeCa patients with available tumor tissue were included. The median age was 64.9 years. High-grade tumors were present in 23.4%, and high-risk HPV was detected in 25.5%. The median follow-up was 32.5 months. High expression of snail was associated with HPV-positive tumors. Expression of β-catenin was inversely associated with grading. In both univariate COX regression analysis and the log-rank test, an increased expression of PPARg and c-MET was predictive of inferior disease-specific survival (DSS). Moreover, in multivariate analysis, a higher expression of c-MET was independently associated with worse DSS. Blocking c-MET with cabozantinib and tivantinib induced a significant decrease in viability in the primary PeCa cell line UKF-PeC3 isolated from the tumor tissue as well as in cisplatin- and osimertinib-resistant sublines. Strikingly, a higher sensitivity to tivantinib could be detected in the latter, pointing to the promising option of utilizing this agent in the second-line treatment setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Thomas
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.S.); (R.A.B.); (S.D.M.); (R.D.); (O.V.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (I.T.)
| | - Kimberly Sue Slade
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.S.); (R.A.B.); (S.D.M.); (R.D.); (O.V.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (I.T.)
| | - Roman A. Blaheta
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.S.); (R.A.B.); (S.D.M.); (R.D.); (O.V.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (I.T.)
| | - Sascha D. Markowitsch
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.S.); (R.A.B.); (S.D.M.); (R.D.); (O.V.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (I.T.)
| | - Philipp Stenzel
- Department of Pathology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (K.E.T.); (W.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Katrin E. Tagscherer
- Department of Pathology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (K.E.T.); (W.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Department of Pathology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (K.E.T.); (W.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Department of Pathology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (K.E.T.); (W.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.); (J.C.); (J.C.J.)
- Dr. Petra Joh-Forschungshaus, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.); (J.C.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Robert Dotzauer
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.S.); (R.A.B.); (S.D.M.); (R.D.); (O.V.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (I.T.)
| | - Olesya Vakhrusheva
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.S.); (R.A.B.); (S.D.M.); (R.D.); (O.V.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (I.T.)
| | - Maarten Albersen
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, 28046 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.S.); (R.A.B.); (S.D.M.); (R.D.); (O.V.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (I.T.)
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.S.); (R.A.B.); (S.D.M.); (R.D.); (O.V.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (I.T.)
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.); (J.C.); (J.C.J.)
- Dr. Petra Joh-Forschungshaus, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.S.); (R.A.B.); (S.D.M.); (R.D.); (O.V.); (A.H.); (E.J.); (I.T.)
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Chahoud J, Kohli M, Spiess PE. Management of Advanced Penile Cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:720-732. [PMID: 33308870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare cancer, with approximately 2000 new cases in the United States and 35,000 globally every year. Multiple risk factors are involved in PSCC, but most importantly, the high-risk human papillomavirus infection is thought to be present in approximately 50% of cases. Penile squamous cell carcinoma presents as localized or locally advanced disease. Multiple prognostic markers have been explored over the past 3 decades, but lymph node status remains the strongest predictor of clinical outcomes. Surgical decisions are based on the primary tumor pathologic findings, nodal clinical examination, and imaging results. Most patients with high-risk advanced PSCC benefit from a multimodal treatment approach combining chemotherapy with consolidation surgical treatment. The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radiation therapy has not been well explored in PSCC. Prospective clinical studies, like the International Penile Advanced Cancer Trial, have been launched to provide high-level evidence for multimodal treatment. The International Penile Advanced Cancer Trial is the first randomized clinical trial among patients with PSCC and is currently accruing, with the expectation to generate results in 2023. Unfortunately, most patients with high-risk locally advanced PSCC will have relapsed or refractory cancer after cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. These patients have dismal outcomes with salvage chemotherapy, highlighting the major unmet need to expand our knowledge of the disease's biology and develop clinical trials that use novel systemic agents. This narrative review synthesizes relevant publications retrieved from PubMed. Our aim is to discuss current approaches in the management of PSCC, summarize ongoing efforts to improve care, and identify future areas for enhancing our understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Chahoud
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL. https://twitter.com/JadChahoud
| | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL.
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Zhou H, Yin X, Bai F, Liu W, Jiang S, Zhao J. The Role and Mechanism of S1PR5 in Colon Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4759-4775. [PMID: 32606966 PMCID: PMC7311188 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s239118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role and mechanism of S1PR5 in colon cancer. Materials and Methods Lentiviral infection and drug screening helped to establish colon cancer cell lines with stable overexpression and knockdown of S1PR5. Effects of S1PR5 expression on cell growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion were analyzed using a subcutaneous xenograft model in nude mice. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the effects of S1PR5 expression on p-AKT, STAT3, NF-κB, and p-JNK. The distribution of p65 was evaluated in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions using WB. CCK-8, Transwell migration, and Transwell invasion assays analyzed cell growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that S1PR5 expression was associated with altered expression levels of NF-κB downstream target genes, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1). Results qRT-PCR and WB analysis showed that the S1PR5 level in colon cancer cell lines-SW480, SW620, HCT116, and LoVo-was significantly higher than in NCM460, a healthy colonic epithelial cell line. SW620 and SW480, with high and low expression of S1PR5, respectively, were selected as model cell lines. S1PR5 knockdown in SW620 caused the growth rate, proliferation, migration, invasion, and subcutaneous tumor formation rate to decrease in mice, whereas S1PR5 overexpression in SW480 caused all of these parameters to increase. WB analysis showed an increase in phospho-p65 and its nuclear translocation. S1PR5 knockdown caused a decrease in phospho-p65 levels and its nuclear import, thereby inhibiting its activity. In S1PR5 knockdown and overexpressing cells, p65 was overexpressed and knocked down, respectively. qRT-PCR and WB showed that S1PR5 over-expression up-regulates IDO1, and S1PR5 knockdown inhibits IDO1. CCK-8 and Transwell assays showed that p65 and IDO1 overexpression antagonizes the antitumor effect of S1PR5 knockdown, and that p65 and IDO1 knockdown antagonizes the tumorigenic effect of S1PR5 overexpression. Conclusion S1PR5 overexpression promotes the growth, migration, and invasion of cancer by activating the NF-κB/IDO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of National Health Commission of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianli Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Bai
- Department of Gastroduodeno Pancreatic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of National Health Commission of China, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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10
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Treating Penile Cancer in the Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy Era. Case Rep Oncol Med 2019; 2019:8349793. [PMID: 31019822 PMCID: PMC6452553 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8349793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While localized penile cancers are typically treated surgically and metastatic penile cancers benefit from standard chemotherapy, there have been studies on the horizon demonstrating immunotherapy as a novel approach to metastatic penile cancers that have failed standard chemotherapy. We report a case series of two patients who improved on immunotherapy after progressing with standard chemotherapy regimens. The first case describes a 64-year-old male with a penile mass and significant lymphadenopathy who had surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy prior to continued disease progression. He was started on anti-EGFR treatment and improved initially, but he eventually had progression of disease. The second case describes a 79-year-old male with a penile mass who was treated with surgical resection and started on adjuvant chemoradiation, but he developed recurrence and nodal involvement. Therefore, second-line therapy of the PD-L1 inhibitor was started in this patient. There were no available clinical trials for penile cancer patients who progressed beyond the standard surgical therapy and chemotherapy.
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Chandna A, Parmar K, Gupta K, Balamurugan T. Sarcomatoid Cancer of Penis in a 45 Year Old Male. Urology 2018; 125:20-23. [PMID: 30496774 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalpesh Parmar
- Department of Urology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India.
| | - Kirti Gupta
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - T Balamurugan
- Department of Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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