Transcriptome Sequencing reveals the expressed profiles of mRNA and ncRNAs and regulate network via ceRNA mediated molecular mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma bone metastasis in Xuanwei

[Application Research of Serum miR-4646-5p, miR-3654 Combined with Traditional Lung Cancer Tumor Markers in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in Xuanwei, Yunnan Province]

BACKGROUND

The incidence rate of lung cancer in Xuanwei has been continuously increasing in recent years, and it also features high incidence across all age groups and high mortality rates among female lung cancer patients. Therefore, the search for more stable biomarkers for the diagnosis of Xuanwei lung cancer holds tremendous clinical application prospects. This study aims to explore the clinical application value of these four microRNAs (miRNAs) individually and in combination with traditional lung cancer tumor markers in the detection and diagnosis of Xuanwei lung cancer.

METHODS

By detecting the expression levels of four miRNAs and five traditional lung cancer tumor markers in the serum of 45 Xuanwei lung cancer patients and healthy physical examination participants, the Logistic regression model was employed to comprehensively evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic efficacy, and other relevant statistical indicators of the four miRNAs in the diagnosis of Xuanwei lung cancer.

RESULTS

Among the individual miRNAs, miR-4646-5p and miR-3654 showed significant differences in expression levels between the Xuanwei lung cancer group and the control group (P<0.05). miR-3654 demonstrated the best diagnostic performance with a sensitivity of 86.7%, specificity of 82.2%, and an area under the curve of 0.847. Combining miR-3654 with miR-4646-5p and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) resulted in the highest diagnostic efficacy for Xuanwei lung cancer, with a sensitivity of 73.3%, specificity of 93.3%, area under the curve of 0.901, and a positive predictive value of 91.7%.

CONCLUSIONS

Among the four miRNAs, serum miR-3654 exhibits the best diagnostic efficacy for Xuanwei lung cancer. Combined with miR-4646-5p and CEA, its diagnostic value for Xuanwei lung cancer can be effectively enhanced, making it a promising screening indicator for Xuanwei lung cancer.

Roles of miR-196a and miR-196b in Zebrafish Motor Function

Background: The exertion of motor function depends on various tissues, such as bones and muscles. miR-196 has been widely studied in cancer and other fields, but its effect on bone and skeletal muscle is rarely reported. In order to explore the role of miR-196 family in bone and skeletal muscle, we used the previously successfully constructed miR-196a-1 and miR-196b gene knockout zebrafish animal models for research. Methods: The behavioral trajectories of zebrafish from 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) to 7 dpf were detected to analyze the effect of miR-196a-1 and miR-196b on motor ability. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to detect the dorsal muscle tissue of zebrafish. The bone tissue of zebrafish was detected by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of related genes, including vcp, dpm1, acta1b, mylpfb, col1a1a, bmp8a, gdf6a, and fgfr3. Results: The behavioral test showed that the total behavioral trajectory, movement time, and movement speed of zebrafish larvae were decreased in the miR-196a-1 and miR-196b gene knockout lines. Muscle tissue analysis showed that the structure of muscle fibers in the zebrafish lacking miR-196a-1 and miR-196b was abnormal and was characterized by vacuolar degeneration of muscle fibers, intranuclear migration, melanin deposition, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Bone CT examination revealed decreased bone mineral density and trabecular bone number. The real-time PCR results showed that the expression levels of vcp, dpm1, gdf6a, fgfr3, and col1a1a were decreased in the miR-196b gene knockout group. The expression levels of dpm1, acta1b, mylpfb, gdf6a, and col1a1a were decreased, and the expression level of fgfr3 was increased in the miR-196b gene knockout group compared with the wild-type group. Conclusions: miR-196a-1 and miR-196b play an important role in muscle fiber structure, bone mineral density, and bone trabecular quantity by affecting the expression of vcp, dpm1, acta1b, mylpfb, gdf6a, fgfr3, and col1a1a and then affect the function of the motor system

A review on the role of ADAMTS9-AS2 in different disorders

Recent decade has seen a tremendous progress in identification of the role of different long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human pathologies. ADAMTS9-AS2 is an example of lncRNAs with different roles in human disorders. It is mostly acknowledged as a tumor suppressor lncRNA in different types of cancers. However, it has been reported to be up-regulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma, salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and glioblastoma. Moreover, ADAMTS9-AS2 is possibly involved in the pathoetiology of pulpitis, acute ischemic stroke, type 2 diabetes and its complications. This lncRNA sponges miR-196b-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-130a-5p, miR-600, miR-223-3p, miR-27a-3p, miR-32, miR-143-3p, miR-143-3p and miR-182-5p in order to regulate downstream mRNAs. This review aims at summarization of the role of ADAMTS9-AS2 in different disorders with a particular focus on its diagnostic and prognostic values.

LncRNA TEX41 regulates autophagy by increasing Runx2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma bone metastasis

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the mechanism underlying the role of TEX41 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) bone metastasis (BM).

METHODS

We analyzed the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of TEX41 using bioinformatics. TEX41 and Runx2 expressions were measured in clinical tissue samples and cell lines by quantitative PCR. The effects of TEX41 on LUAD cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis as well as its mechanism of action were investigated. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to determine TEX41 and Runx2 colocalization. Subcutaneous tumor growth and BM were evaluated in nude mice by X-ray and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.

RESULTS

TEX41 was dramatically increased in LUAD BM tissue, indicating a poorer prognosis in patients with LUAD and BM. TEX41 knockdown suppressed the migration and metastasis of LUAD cells, whereas TEX41 overexpression promoted these processes. Data from X-ray and HE staining showed that TEX41 supported the BM in LUAD. TEX41 overexpression induced autophagy in LUAD cells, as demonstrated by changes in autophagy markers. Results of FISH showed that TEX41 and Runx2 colocalized in the nucleus, and Runx2 expression was regulated by TEX41. The effects of TEX41 on LUAD cell migration, invasion, metastasis and autophagy were counteracted by Runx2 inhibition. Moreover, the role of TEX41 in the metastasis was partially dependent on autophagy, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT might be the major signaling pathway involved in TEX41-regulated autophagy.

CONCLUSION

TEX41 promotes autophagy in LUAD cells by upregulating Runx2 to mediate LUAD migration, invasion and BM.

Comprehensive circular RNA expression profile of lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis: Identification of potential biomarkers

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has a significant tendency to metastasize to the bone, with severe comorbidities. Recent studies have reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in various cancer metastasis-related physiological cellular processes. However, their role in LUAD with bone metastasis (LUAD-BM) remains unknown.

Methods: Bone metastasis (BM) circRNAs were identified using high-throughput sequencing and validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatic analyses were used to predict the potential functions of the differentially expressed circRNAs. The effects of circ_0096442 on the growth and metastasis of A549 cells were detected in a co-culture system of A549 and bone marrow-derived cells.

Results: There were 598 (238 upregulated and 360 downregulated) 390 (187 upregulated and 203 downregulated) and 644 (336 upregulated and 308 downregulated) differentially expressed circRNAs between LUAD-BM and LUAD, LUAD-BM and healthy individuals, and LUAD and healthy individuals, respectively. These differentially expressed circRNAs play important roles in cellular components, biological processes, and molecular functions. Moreover, they map several pathways related to BM, including DNA repair, DNA damage, and osteoclast differentiation. The results validated by qRT-PCR for the five most dysregulated circRNAs are consistent with the sequencing data. Additionally, circ_0096442 was found to promote the growth and metastasis of LUAD in a bone microenvironment.

Conclusion: Our findings provide a novel and important circRNA expression profile of LUAD-BM and suggest that circ_0096442 may be a biomarker for LUAD-BM.