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Hovis G, Chandra N, Kejriwal N, Hsieh KJY, Chu A, Yang I, Wadehra M. Understanding the Role of Endothelial Cells in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms and Novel Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6118. [PMID: 38892305 PMCID: PMC11173095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm and the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Endothelial tissue plays a critical role in glioblastoma growth and progression, facilitating angiogenesis, cellular communication, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we present an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of the role of endothelial cells in glioblastomas, along with an overview of recent developments in glioblastoma therapies and tumor endothelial marker identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Hovis
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Neha Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (K.J.-Y.H.)
| | - Nidhi Kejriwal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (K.J.-Y.H.)
| | - Kaleb Jia-Yi Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (K.J.-Y.H.)
| | - Alison Chu
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA (K.J.-Y.H.)
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Liu H, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Shi K, Li J. TGF-β based risk model to predict the prognosis and immune features in glioblastoma. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1188383. [PMID: 37456651 PMCID: PMC10343447 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1188383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine with an important role in tissue development and tumorigenesis. TGF-β can inhibit the function of many immune cells, prevent T cells from penetrating into the tumor center, so that the tumor cells escape from immune surveillance and lead to low sensitivity to immunotherapy. However, its potential roles in predicting clinical prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) immune features need to be deeply investigated in glioblastoma (GBM). Methods The TCGA-GBM dataset was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas, and the validation dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Firstly, differentially expressed TGF-β genes (DEGs) were screened between GBM and normal samples. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to identify prognostic genes and develop the TGF-β risk model. Subsequently, the roles of TGF-β risk score in predicting clinical prognosis and immune characteristics were investigated. Results The TGF-β risk score signature with an independent prognostic value was successfully developed. The TGF-β risk score was positively correlated with the infiltration levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and the activities of anticancer immunity steps. In addition, the TGF-β risk score was positively related to the expression of immune checkpoints. Besides, the high score indicated higher sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Conclusions We first developed and validated a TGF-β risk signature that could predict the clinical prognosis and TME immune features for GBM. In addition, the TGF-β signature could guide a more personalized therapeutic approach for GBM.
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Dong J, Peng Y, Zhong M, Xie Z, Jiang Z, Wang K, Wu Y. Implication of lncRNA ZBED3-AS1 downregulation in acquired resistance to Temozolomide and glycolysis in glioblastoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 938:175444. [PMID: 36462734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the recommended drug for glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, but its clinical effect is restricted due to drug resistance. This research studies the effects of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ZBED3-AS1 and its related molecules on acquired TMZ resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). ZBED3-AS1 was identified to be downregulated in TMZ-resistant GBM cells by analyzing GSE113510 and GSE100736 datasets. ZBED3-AS1 downregulation was detected in TMZ-resistant GBM tissues and cell lines (U251/TMZ and U87/TMZ). ZBED3-AS1 knockdown promoted, whereas its overexpression suppressed TMZ resistance, viability and mobility, and glycolytic activity of TMZ-resistant cells. ZBED3-AS1 bound to Spi-1 proto-oncogene (SPI1) but did not affect its expression. Instead, it blocked SPI1-mediated transcriptional activation of thrombomodulin (THBD). SPI1 and THBD increased TMZ resistance and glycolysis in TMZ-resistant cells. Either ZBED3-AS1 overexpression or SPI1 knockdown in U87/TMZ cells blocked the growth of orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ZBED3-AS1 downregulation and THBD activation is linked to increased TMZ resistance and glycolysis in GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yilong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Minggu Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhengyuan Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zongyuan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong, PR China.
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Chen Y, Zhao H, Feng Y, Ye Q, Hu J, Guo Y, Feng Y. Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Associations of TGFBI Expression With Prognosis and Immune Characteristics. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:745649. [PMID: 34671645 PMCID: PMC8521171 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.745649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta-induced (TGFBI) protein has important roles in tumor growth, metastasis, and immunity. However, there is currently no pan-cancer evidence regarding TGFBI. In this study, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of TGFBI mRNA and protein expression and prognoses of various cancer types using public databases. We also investigated the associations of TGFBI expression with tumor microenvironment (TME) components, immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI), along with the TGFBI genetic alteration types. The results showed that TGFBI expression varied among different cancer types, and it was positively or negatively related to prognosis in various cancers. TGFBI expression was also significantly correlated with TME components, TMB, MSI, immune cell infiltration, and immunoinhibitory and immunostimulatory gene subsets. These findings indicate that TGFBI participates in various immune responses and it may function as a prognostic marker in various cancers. The findings may be useful for developing immunotherapies that target TGFBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunzhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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He X, Liu J, Wang X, Liu T, Yang L, Li C, Wang C, Liu Y, Sang X, Wang Z, Lu X. The embryonic stem cell microenvironment inhibits mouse glioma cell proliferation by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:487-498. [PMID: 35116278 PMCID: PMC8799092 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system, accounting for 48.6% of malignant tumors. The current standard treatment plan includes the widest range of safe surgical resection, supplemented by local brain radiotherapy and temozolomide concurrent chemotherapy; this can cause serious side effects. Even so, the median survival time of GBM patients is only 8 months, and the 5-year survival rate is only 5.5%. It is imminent to find new treatments. Early studies have shown that chicken and zebrafish embryos can reprogram cancer cells into a non-tumorigenic phenotype through the embryonic microenvironment. However, the effect of embryonic stem cell microenvironment on GBM and its possible mechanism are not clear. METHODS In this study, the glioblastoma cell line, U118, in the brain was investigated. There were four experimental groups: GB, GE, GA and GT. U118 cells were harvested after culturing for 72 hours. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined using vasculogenic mimicry assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR), western blotting (WB) and flow cytometry. The differences in the biological function of U118 cells and the PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were compared between the groups. RESULTS Compared with the GB control group, the GE co-culture group and GT chemotherapy group showed reduced cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, increased ROS, as well as decreased or inhibited vasculogenic mimicry. Expressions of cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 were also notably reduced, while that of Bax, Bcl-2, p53, Caspase-3, GSK-3β, p21, and p27 were significantly increased. Moreover, the expression of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR were markedly decreased, whereas expression of PTEN increased considerably. Also, the expression of positive regulatory factors significantly increased, however negative regulatory factors decreased in the GA group compared to the GE group. CONCLUSIONS The ESC microenvironment reverses glioma malignancy, partially via inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway. Our study may have a significant impact and important clinical implications for cell therapy in the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjun He
- Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguan People’s Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Institute of Gastrointestinal, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Gastrointestinal & Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyang Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenjie Wang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Sang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichong Wang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan Ophthalmology Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Lu
- Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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