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Lu Y, Chen Q, Zhu S, Gong X. Hypoxia promotes immune escape of pancreatic cancer cells by lncRNA NNT-AS1/METTL3-HuR-mediated ITGB1 m 6A modification. Exp Cell Res 2023; 432:113764. [PMID: 37659467 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) cell immune escape is a crucial element in PC malignant development. Some previous studies have reported that LncRNA NNT-AS1 played a carcinogenic role in various tumors. However, the effect of lncRNA NNT-AS1 in PC cell immune escape remains unclear. To evaluate PC cell immune escape, PC cells were co-cultured with CD8+ T cells under a hypoxic condition. PC cell proliferation and migration were evaluated using the colony formation assay and transwell assay. CD8+ T cell proliferation and aoptosis were measured using the carboxy fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assay and flow cytometry. The secretion of antitumor cytokines was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The molecular interactions were analyzed using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), or dual-luciferase reporter gene assays. A tumor xenograft model was established to evaluate the effects of lncRNA NNT-AS1 on PC in vivo. It was found that lncRNA NNT-AS1 was highly expressed in PC, and its silencing inhibited hypoxia-induced PC cell growth and immune escape in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, HIF-1α transcriptionally activated NNT-AS1 expression and NNT-AS1 increased ITGB1 stability and expression in a METTL3-HuR dependent manner. ITGB1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of NNT-AS1 knockdown on hypoxia-induced PC cell immune escape. In conclusion, Hypoxia promoted PC cell immune escape through lncRNA NNT-AS1/METTL3-HuR-mediated m6A modification to increase ITGB1 expression, which provided a theoretical foundation and a potential therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yebin Lu
- Pancreas Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qizhen Chen
- Pancreas Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Pancreas Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuejun Gong
- Pancreas Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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2
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Volpe MC, Ciucci G, Zandomenego G, Vuerich R, Ring NAR, Vodret S, Salton F, Marchesan P, Braga L, Marcuzzo T, Bussani R, Colliva A, Piazza S, Confalonieri M, Zacchigna S. Flt1 produced by lung endothelial cells impairs ATII cell transdifferentiation and repair in pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:437. [PMID: 37454154 PMCID: PMC10349845 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease, in which fibrotic tissue progressively replaces lung alveolar structure, resulting in chronic respiratory failure. Alveolar type II cells act as epithelial stem cells, being able to transdifferentiate into alveolar type I cells, which mediate gas exchange, thus contributing to lung homeostasis and repair after damage. Impaired epithelial transdifferentiation is emerging as a major pathogenetic mechanism driving both onset and progression of fibrosis in the lung. Here, we show that lung endothelial cells secrete angiocrine factors that regulate alveolar cell differentiation. Specifically, we build on our previous data on the anti-fibrotic microRNA-200c and identify the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor receptor 1, also named Flt1, as its main functional target in endothelial cells. Endothelial-specific knockout of Flt1 reproduces the anti-fibrotic effect of microRNA-200c against pulmonary fibrosis and results in the secretion of a pool of soluble factors and matrix components able to promote epithelial transdifferentiation in a paracrine manner. Collectively, these data indicate the existence of a complex endothelial-epithelial paracrine crosstalk in vitro and in vivo and position lung endothelial cells as a relevant therapeutic target in the fight against pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Volpe
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Ciucci
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Zandomenego
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Functional Cell Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Roman Vuerich
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nadja Anneliese Ruth Ring
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Vodret
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Salton
- Pulmonology Unit, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Marchesan
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Braga
- Functional Cell Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas Marcuzzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Colliva
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Computational Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Unit, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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3
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Shichiri K, Oshi M, Ziazadeh D, Endo I, Takabe K. High miR-200c expression is associated with suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TGF-β signaling and better survival despite enhanced cell proliferation in gastric cancer patients. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:3027-3040. [PMID: 37560006 PMCID: PMC10408478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that epigenetically regulate gene expression. MiR-200c is a known tumor suppressive microRNA found in many types of cancer, and its high expression has been associated with improved prognosis. However, the association between miR-200c expression and its clinical relevance in gastric cancer (GC) patients remains controversial. Here, we hypothesized that gastric cancer patients with high miR-200c gene expression translated to better overall survival. A total of 372 GC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. The top three quartiles were defined as a high miR-200c expression group. High miR-200c expression was associated with decreased invasion, favorable histological type, and improved overall survival in gastric cancer patients. Unexpectedly, high miR-200c expression GC was also associated with enhanced cell proliferation, shown by MKi67 expression, proliferation score, and enrichment of Hallmark cell proliferation-related gene sets (E2F targets, G2M checkpoints, MYC targets v1 and v2) by gene set enrichment assay (GSEA). High miR-200c GC was also associated with a high mutation rate and homologous recombination deficiency. Despite the association with elevated neoantigens, high miR-200c GC was associated with significantly low infiltration of anti-cancer immune cells, decreased immune response, and with suppressed IL2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ pathways. On the other hand, GC with low miR-200c expression significantly enriched hypoxia, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and TGF-β signaling gene sets, all of which promote cancer progression and metastasis in GSEA. In conclusion, patients with high miR-200c expression GC had better survival despite association with aggressive tumor biology, such as high mutation rates, cell proliferation, and low cancer immunity. Given that low miR-200c GC was associated with hypoxia, angiogenesis, EMT and TGF-β signaling, we cannot help but speculate that the difference in survival by miR-200c expression may be at least partly due to the association between low miR-200c expression and aggressive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Shichiri
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- U.S. Naval Hospital OkinawaOkinawa, FPO, AP 96362, Japan
| | - Masanori Oshi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Danya Ziazadeh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New YorkBuffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New YorkBuffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata 950-0883, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical UniversityFukushima 960-8074, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Angiogenesis plays a key role in bladder cancer (BC) pathogenesis. In the last two decades, an increasing number of publications depicting a multitude of novel angiogenic molecules and pathways have emerged. The growing complexity necessitates an evaluation of the breadth of current knowledge to highlight key findings and guide future research. RECENT FINDINGS Angiogenesis is a dynamic biologic process that is inherently difficult to assess. Clinical assessment of angiogenesis in BCs is advancing with the integration of image analysis systems and dynamic contrast-enhanced and magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly influence the angiogenic process, and further research is needed to assess their potential as therapeutic targets. A rapidly growing list of non-coding RNAs affect angiogenesis in BCs, partly through modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity. Vascular mimicry (VM) has been repeatedly associated with increased tumour aggressiveness in BCs. Standardised assays are needed for appropriate identification and quantification of VM channels. This article demonstrates the dynamic and complex nature of the angiogenic process and asserts the need for further studies to deepen our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Elayat
- Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ivan Punev
- Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Abdel Selim
- Histopathology Department, King’s Health Partners, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
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5
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El-Mahdy HA, Elsakka EGE, El-Husseiny AA, Ismail A, Yehia AM, Abdelmaksoud NM, Elshimy RAA, Noshy M, Doghish AS. miRNAs role in bladder cancer pathogenesis and targeted therapy: Signaling pathways interplay - A review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 242:154316. [PMID: 36682282 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 11th most popular cancer in females and 4th in males. A lot of efforts have been exerted to improve BC patients' care. Besides, new approaches have been developed to enhance the efficiency of BC diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutics, and monitoring. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small chain nucleic acids that can regulate wide networks of cellular events. They can inhibit or degrade their target protein-encoding genes. The miRNAs are either downregulated or upregulated in BC due to epigenetic alterations or biogenesis machinery abnormalities. In BC, dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, treatment resistance, and other activities. A variety of miRNAs have been related to tumor kind, stage, or patient survival. Besides, although new approaches for using miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of BC have been developed, it still needs further investigations. In the next words, we illustrate the recent advances in the role of miRNAs in BC aspects. They include the role of miRNAs in BC pathogenesis and therapy. Besides, the clinical applications of miRNAs in BC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Reham A A Elshimy
- Clinical & Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, 11796 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mina Noshy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), SouthSinai, Ras Sudr 46612, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
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6
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Soheilifar MH, Masoudi-Khoram N, Madadi S, Nobari S, Maadi H, Keshmiri Neghab H, Amini R, Pishnamazi M. Angioregulatory microRNAs in breast cancer: Molecular mechanistic basis and implications for therapeutic strategies. J Adv Res 2021; 37:235-253. [PMID: 35499045 PMCID: PMC9039675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated angiogenesis is a fundamental process in tumor growth and metastasis. Angioregulatory miRNA–target gene interaction is not only involved in sprouting vessels of breast tumors but also, trans-differentiation of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells in a process termed vasculogenic mimicry. Successful targeting of tumor angiogenesis is still a missing link in the treatment of Breast cancer (BC) due to the low effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapies in this cancer. Response to anti-angiogenic therapeutics are controlled by a miRNAs, so the identification of interaction networks of miRNAs–targets can be applicable in determining anti-angiogeneic therapy and new biomarkers in BC. Angioregulatory miRNAs in breast cancer cells and their microenvironment have therapeutic potential in cancer treatment.
Background Cancer-associated angiogenesis is a fundamental process in tumor growth and metastasis. A variety of signaling regulators and pathways contribute to establish neovascularization, among them as small endogenous non-coding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) play prominent dual regulatory function in breast cancer (BC) angiogenesis. Aim of Review This review aims at describing the current state-of-the-art in BC angiogenesis-mediated by angioregulatory miRNAs, and an overview of miRNAs dysregulation association with the anti-angiogenic response in addition to potential clinical application of miRNAs-based therapeutics. Key Scientific Concepts of Review Angioregulatory miRNA–target gene interaction is not only involved in sprouting vessels of breast tumors but also, trans-differentiation of BC cells to endothelial cells (ECs) in a process termed vasculogenic mimicry. Using canonical and non-canonical angiogenesis pathways, the tumor cell employs the oncogenic characteristics such as miRNAs dysregulation to increase survival, proliferation, oxygen and nutrient supply, and treatment resistance. Angioregulatory miRNAs in BC cells and their microenvironment have therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Although, miRNAs dysregulation can serve as tumor biomarker nevertheless, due to the association of miRNAs dysregulation with anti-angiogenic resistant phenotype, clinical benefits of anti-angiogenic therapy might be challenging in BC. Hence, unveiling the molecular mechanism underlying angioregulatory miRNAs sparked a booming interest in finding new treatment strategies such as miRNA-based therapies in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Corresponding authorsat: Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Enghelab St, Tehran 1315795613, Iran (Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar). University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland (Mahboubeh Pishnamazi).
| | - Nastaran Masoudi-Khoram
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Madadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sima Nobari
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hoda Keshmiri Neghab
- Department of Photo Healing and Regeneration, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Pishnamazi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Corresponding authorsat: Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Enghelab St, Tehran 1315795613, Iran (Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar). University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland (Mahboubeh Pishnamazi).
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Hammouz RY, Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Płuciennik E, Bednarek AK. MicroRNAs: Their Role in Metastasis, Angiogenesis, and the Potential for Biomarker Utility in Bladder Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:891. [PMID: 33672684 PMCID: PMC7924383 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process of generating new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels with a vital role in tumor growth and metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that exert post-transcriptional control of protein regulation. They participate in the development and progression of several cancers including bladder cancer (BLCA). In cancer tissue, changes in microRNA expression exhibit tissue specificity with high levels of stability and detectability. miRNAs are less vulnerable to degradation, making them novel targets for therapeutic approaches. A suitable means of targeting aberrant activated signal transduction pathways in carcinogenesis of BLCA is possibly through altering the expression of key miRNAs that regulate them, exerting a strong effect on signal transduction. Precaution must be taken, as the complexity of miRNA regulation might result in targeting several downstream tumor suppressors or oncogenes, enhancing the effect further. Since exosomes contain both mRNA and miRNA, they could therefore possibly be more effective in targeting a recipient cell if they deliver a specific miRNA to modify the recipient cell protein production and gene expression. In this review, we discuss the molecules that have been shown to play a significant role in BLCA tumor development. We also discuss the roles of various miRNAs in BLCA angiogenesis and metastasis. Advances in the management of metastatic BLCA have been limited; miRNA mimics and molecules targeted at miRNAs (anti-miRs) as well as exosomes could serve as therapeutic modalities or as diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raneem Y. Hammouz
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland; (D.K.); (Ż.K.); (E.P.); (A.K.B.)
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Lei L, He L, Chen K, Lv Z. The expression of SOX9, Tiam1, and PTEN is correlated with angiogenesis and prognosis in gastric cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:3998-4004. [PMID: 35117766 PMCID: PMC8798609 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a high rate of metastasis and recurrence, gastric cancer (GC), a common malignant tumor, often has a poor prognosis. GC tissues have abnormal expressions of the Sry-related HMG-box family of transcription factors (SOX9), T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing factor 1 (Tiam1), and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). Meanwhile, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been reported to play an important role in tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of SOX9, Tiam1, and PTEN with angiogenesis and prognosis in GC. METHODS A total of 90 patients who underwent GC surgery at our hospital between January 2017 and October 2018 were enrolled. The expressions of SOX9, Tiam1, PTEN, and VEGF in GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and the differences were analyzed. Spearman's correlation coefficient was applied to analyze the relationship between the expression levels of SOX9, Tiam1, PTEN, and VEGF. The patients were followed-up. RESULTS The positive expression rates of SOX9, Tiam1, PTEN, and VEGF in GC tissues were 75.56%, 61.11%, 52.22%, and 48.89%, respectively, compared with 6.67%, 4.44%, 97.78%, and 2.22%, respectively, in the adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the expression of SOX9 (r=0.349, P=0.001) and Tiam1 (Tiam1: r=0.370, P=0.000) in GC tissues was positively correlated with VEGF expression; however, PTEN was negatively correlated with VEGF (r=-0.311, P=0.000). There were no significant differences in SOX9, Tiam1, or PTEN expression in GC tissues from patients of different genders or ages (P>0.05). When the tumor was low differentiated, with lymph node metastasis or high TNM staging, the positive expression rates of SOX9 and Tiam1 were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the positive expression rate of PTEN was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The log-rank test results showed that the three-year survival rates of the groups with positive SOX9 (54.41%) and Tiam1 expression (49.09%) were significantly lower than those of the groups with negative SOX9 and Tiam1 expression (77.27% and 77.13%, respectively; P<0.05). The 3-year survival rate in the PTEN positive expression group was significantly higher than that of the PTEN negative expression group (76.60% vs. 41.80%; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS SOX9 and Tiam1 are highly expressed, in GC tissues while there is a low expression of PTEN. The expression levels of SOX9, Tiam1, and PTEN are all linearly correlated with VEGF expression, and they have important effects on angiogenesis and is closely related to the three-year survival rate of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Lei
- Institute of Digestive Surgery of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long He
- Institute of Digestive Surgery of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keling Chen
- Institute of Digestive Surgery of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoying Lv
- Institute of Digestive Surgery of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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